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Hồ Quý Ly

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Hồ Quý Ly

Thánh Nguyên
King of Đại Ngu
Reign 1400 – 1401
Successor Hồ Hán Thương
Spouse Nhân Vinh (? - 12/1370)
Huy Ninh (after 05/1371), daughter of Trần Minh Tông
Issue Hồ Nguyên Trừng, unknown who is the mother.
Hồ Hán Thương, son of Princess Huy Ninh.
Princess Thánh Ngẫu, daughter of Princess Huy Ninh; later as Empress Khâm Thánh of Trần Thuận Tông
Full name
Real name(s):
Lê Quý Ly
Hồ Lý Nguyên
Hồ Quý Ly
Dynasty Hồ Dynasty
Born 1336
Died 1407

Hồ Quý Ly (胡季犛; 1336–1407), also called Lê Quý Ly (黎季犛), was the founder and first king (1400–01) of the Hồ Dynasty of Vietnam, who rose from the post as a mandarin under Trần Dynasty.[1] His reigning title was Thánh Nguyên.[2][3]

In 1400, Hồ Quý Ly dethroned the last Trần king and declared himself king, establishing the Hồ Dynasty and renaming the country from Đại Việt to Đại Ngu. During his reign, he made several significant economic and administrative reforms.[4] Back in 1396, his law of using paper money instead of bronze coins failed. This happened mostly because of the lack in credibility of paper money as it was easy to duplicate at that time. Back in 1397, he had the policy on land limits promulgated, stipulating the area of land to be owned by aristocrats, mandarins and landlords; he ordered to use chữ Nôm as official writing system instead of chữ Hán among others.

In 1401, he abdicated in favor of his second son Hồ Hán Thương.

Hồ Quý Ly failed to rally his subjects in the war of resistance against attack by Ming's forces.[5] He was captured in Thien Cam cave and was escorted to China. He was forced to enroll in the Ming army as a common soldier, where he died.[4] His son, Hồ Hán Thương was appointed a post of mandarin in the Ming court.

Hồ Quý Ly has been a subject of controversial debates among Vietnamese historians, some have highly valued his radical thought, while others have regarded him as a guilty usurper. He ordered the construction of a citadel in Thanh Hóa Province in preparation for the prospective resistance to Ming forces. The remnants of this citadel are included in UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.

See also

References

  1. ^ Anh Tuấn Hoàng Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese Relations, 1637-1700 2007 Page 18 "By the end of the following century, however, the Trần had declined and the dynasty was eventually usurped by Hồ Quý Ly, who founded the Hồ Dynasty in 1400 but failed to preserve independence of the country from Ming invasion ..."
  2. ^ Taylor (2013), p. 166
  3. ^ Hall (2008), p. 161
  4. ^ a b Corbin, Justin, The History of Vietnam, 2008, p. 10–11.
  5. ^ Patricia M. Pelley Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past 2002 Page 151 "The combination of the Trần court's incompetence and the treachery of Hồ Quý Ly, who first inserted himself in the royal family and then, in 1400, usurped the throne, provided the Ming Chinese with a pretext to invade."

External links

  • Hall, Kenneth R., ed. (2008). Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400-1800. Volume 1 of Comparative urban studies. Lexington Books. ISBN . Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  • Taylor, K. W. (2013). A History of the Vietnamese (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN . Retrieved 7 August 2013.
Hồ Quý Ly
Hồ Dynasty
Preceded by
Trần Thiếu Đế
(as King of the Trần Dynasty) 		King of Đại Ngu
1400–1401 		Succeeded by
Hồ Hán Thương
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