Multispace & Multistructure Neutrosophic Transdisciplinary : 100 Collected Papers of Sciences : Volume 4

By Smarandache, Florentin

Book Id: WPLBN0002828442
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 9.38 MB
Reproduction Date: 7/31/2013

Title:	Multispace & Multistructure Neutrosophic Transdisciplinary : 100 Collected Papers of Sciences : Volume 4
Author:	Smarandache, Florentin
Volume:	Volume 4
Language:	English
Subject:	Non Fiction, Science, Technology
Collections:	Mathematics, Quantum Mechanics, Industrial Organization, Methodology, Astronomy, Econometrics, Mathematical Analysis, Applied Science, Mathematical Statistics, Science Fiction Collection, Critical Thinking, Time Series, Geometry, Algebra, Health and Safety Technology, Arithmetic, Electromagnetism, Logic, Classical Mechanics, Physics, Probability Theory, Psychology, Surgery, Military Science, Philosophy, Authors Community, Business Strategy, Technology, Statistics, Math, Marketing, Internal Medicine, Management, Chemistry, Finance Management, Economics, Commerce, Periodicals: Journal and Magazine Collection (Historic and Rare), Cultural Studies, Anthropology, Biology, Sociology, Agriculture, Fine Arts, Finance, Economy, Political Science, Political Sociology, Literature, Naval Science, Most Popular Books in China, Language, Law, Government, Favorites in India, Social Sciences, Education, History, Science
Historic Publication Date:	2013
Publisher:	World Public Library

Member Page:	Florentin Smarandache
Citation APA MLA Chicago Smarandache, B. F. (2013). Multispace & Multistructure Neutrosophic Transdisciplinary : 100 Collected Papers of Sciences : Volume 4. Retrieved from http://www.self.gutenberg.org/

Description
The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors

Summary
This is an eclectic tome of 800 pages with papers in various fields of sciences, alphabetically listed, such as: astronomy, biology, calculus, chemistry, computer programming codification, economics and business and politics, education and administration, game theory, geometry, graph theory, information fusion, neutrosophic logic and set, non-Euclidean geometry, number theory, paradoxes, philosophy of science, psychology, quantum physics, scientific research methods, and statistics.

Excerpt
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases.

Table of Contents
Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen....................................58 CHEMISTRY...................................68 7. Potential Use of Lime as Nitric Acid Source for Alternative Electrolyte Fuel-Cell Method, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache.......................69 8. Observation of Anomalous Potential Electric Energy in Distilled Water under Solar Heating, by F. Smarandache & V. Christianto......................74 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING CODIFICATION..............83 9. Algebraic Generalization of Venn Diagram, by Florentin Smarandache.........84 ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND POLITICS.................87 10. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory in Economics, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache, in Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008............88 11. Global Totalitarianism and the Crisis of Neo-Lib Movement, by Florentin Smarandache; a sorter version in Author’s book Global Totalitarianism and the Working Animals, Kogaïon Editions, Bucharest, 64 p., 2008..............99 12. A Note on Exchange Rate Management and Gravity Equation: Developing Country’s Viewpoint, V. Christianto & F. Smarandache......................109 13. Salesm@xx Outline, by V. Christianto & F. Smarandache...............115 14. SalesMaxx: Step by Step Proven Techniques to Boost Your Sales, by D. Handriyanto, V. Christianto, F. Smarandache............................119 15. Cultural Advantage as an Alternative Framework: An Introduction, by F. Smarandache, V. Chrisitanto.........131 16. Conditional Probability of Actually Detecting a Financial Fraud - a Neutrosophic Extension to Benford's Law, by Sukanto Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Kumar, Florentin Smarandache, in International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol. 17, No 1, 7-14, 2005.....................................................................................142 17. Redesigning Decision Matrix Method with an Indeterminacy-Based Inference Process, by Jose L. Salmeron and Florentin Smarandache, in Advances in Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 1(2), 263-271, 2006; updated and under the title “Redesigning Decision Matrix Method with an Indeterminacy-based Inference Process” in , Vol. 13, No. MO8, 4-11, March 2008...................................151 EDUCATION AND ADMINISTRATION...................163 18. Elections and Evaluations of the American College / University Dean and Director, by Florentin Smarandache ................................164 19. To Deliver Free Preprint Service for Physical Sciences. A Proposal for Further Development & Introduction to www.sciprint.org, by C. Castro, F. Smarandache, V. Christianto .......................................166 GAME THEORY ................................174 20. A Group-Permutation Algorithm to Solve the Generalized SUDOKU, by Florentin Smarandache, extended version and translation from author’s book Frate cu meridianele _i paralelele, Vol. IV, OffsetColor, Rm. Vâlcea, Romania, pp. 201-202, 2008 ...........................................175 GEOMETRY ..................................178 21. Nine Solved and Nine Open Problems in Elementary Geometry, by Florentin Smarandache, extended version of some ideas from author’s books Problèmes avec et sans.. problèmes!, Somipress, Fés, Morocco, pp. 49 & 54-60, 1983, and respectively Proposed Problems of Mathematics (Vol. II), University of Kishinev Press, Kishinev, Problem 58, pp. 38-39, 1997 ..............................179 22. Limits of Recursive Triangle and Polygon Tunnels, by F. Smarandache ........191 23. A Theorem about Simultaneous Orthological and Homological Triangles, by Ion Petra_cu and Florentin Smarandache ..........................196 24. An Application of a Theorem of Orthohomological Triangles, by Ion P_tra_cu and Florentin Smarandache ................................209 25. A Multiple Theorem with Isogonal and Concyclic Points, by Dr. Florentin Smarandache and Prof. Ion Petra Cu ..........................212 26. Properties of a Hexagon Circumscribed to a Circle, by Prof. Ion Petra_cu, Dr. Florentin Smarandache ......................................215 27. A Generalization of a Leibniz Geometrical Theorem, by Mihály Bencze, Florin Popovici, Florentin Smarandache, in , Bra_ov, Vol. 6, No. 1, 67-70, April 1998 ..........................................218 28. Generalization of the Theorem of Menelaus Using a Self-Recurrent Method, by F. Smarandache, translated from French by the author, Seminar in Rabat for the selection and preparation of the Moroccan students for the International Olympiad of Mathematics in Paris - France, 1983 ..........................223 29. The Dual Theorem Relative to the Simson’s Line, by Prof. Ion P_tra_cu, translated by Florentin Smarandache ................................227 30. De Longchamps’ Point, Line and Circle, by Ion P_tra_cu, translated by Florentin Smarandache ..................232 31. The Dual of the Orthopole Theorem, by Ion P_tra_cu, translated by Florentin Smarandache........................239 32. Super-mathematics functions, by Mircea Eugen _elariu, translated from Romanian by Marian Ni_u and Florentin Smarandache, in the album “Techno-Art of _elariu Super- Mathematics Functions”, edited by Florentin Smarandache, 132 p., A. R. Press, 2007...........................................244 GRAPH THEORY ...............................258 33. Vectored Route-Length Minimization – a Heuristic and an Open Conjecture, by Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in New Mathematics and Natural Computing (World Scientific), Vol. 4, No. 3, 267-272, November 2008.......259 34. Graph Distance, Optimal Communication and Group stability: A preliminary Conjecture, by F. Smarandache, V. Christianto ....................266 INFORMATION FUSION ...........................270 35. An Algorithm for the Unification of Fusion Theories (UFT), by Florentin Smarandache, presented at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA, November 5, 2004, as “An In-Depth Look at Information Fusion Rules and Unification of Fusion Theories”; published in International Journal of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Roorkee, India, Vol. 2, 1-14, 2004.....................................................271 36. Unification of Fusion Rules (UFR), by Florentin Smarandache ............285 37. Unification / Combination of Image Fusion Methods, summary by Florentin Smarandache.........................286 38. An Algorithm for Quasi-Associative and Quasi-Markovian Rules of Combination in Information Fusion, by Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert......287 39. Degree of Uncertainty of a Set and of a Mass, by Florentin Smarandache, Arnaud Martin............................298 40. Fusion of Masses Defined on Infinite Countable Frames of Discernment, by Florentin Smarandache, Arnaud Martin .............................299 41. A Simple Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rule, by Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert, in International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 3, No. J05, 1-36, 2005........................................304 42. Uniform and Partially Uniform Redistribution Rules, by Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert, in Advances and Applications of DSmT for Plausible and Paradoxical Reasoning for Information Fusion, International Workshop organized by the Bulgarian IST Centre of Competence in 21st Century, Bulg. Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, December 14, 2006..........................................................325 43. The Combination of Paradoxical, Uncertain and Imprecise Sources of Information based on DSmT and Neutro-Fuzzy Inference, by Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert; short version published in Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Fuzzy Theory and Technology (FT&T 2005), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, July 21-26, 2005.............329 44. Importance of Sources Using the Repeated Fusion Method and the Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules # 5 and # 6, by Florentin Smarandache and Jean Dezert.....................................349 45. A Class of DSm Conditioning Rules, by Florentin Smarandache, Mark Alford, in Proceedings of COGIS 2009 International Conference, Paris, France, 16-18 November 2009............................................355 46. Extension of Inagaki General Weighted Operators and A New Fusion Rule Class of Proportional Redistribution of Intersection Masses, by Florentin Smarandache, presented as poster at SWIFT 2008 - Skovde Workshop on Information Fusion Topics, Sweden; published in "International Journal of Artificial Intelligence", Vol. 3, No. A09, 79-85, Autumn 2009................................363 47. Discounting Method for Multi-Criteria Decision Making (_-D MCDM), by Florentin Smarandache....................369 NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC AND SET....................395 48. Neutrosophic Logic - A Generalization of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logic, by Florentin Smarandache, published as “Definition of Neutrosophic Logic – A Generalization of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logic”, in , University of Applied Sciences, Zittau/Görlitz, Germany, EUSFLAT 2003, 141-146, 10-12 September 2003....396 49. Neutrosophic Set – A Generalization of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set, by Florentin Smarandache, presented at the 2003 BISC FLINT-CIBI International Workshop on Soft Computing for Internet and Bioinformatics, University of Berkeley, USA, as the “Generalization of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set to the Neutrosophic Set”, December 15- 19, 2003; published in International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 24, No. 3, 287-297, 2005.......403 50. Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets, by Haibin Wang, Florentin Smarandache, Yanqing Zhang, Rajshekhar Sunderraman ............................410 51. Strategy on T, I, F Operators. A Kernel Infrastructure in Neutrosophic Logic, by Florentin Smarandache........414 52. Toward Dialectic Matter Element of Extenics Model, by Liu Feng, Florentin Smarandache................420 53. Self Knowledge and Knowledge Communication, by Liu Feng and Florentin Smarandache ....................430 54. N-norm and N-conorm in Neutrosophic Logic and Set, and the Neutrosophic Topologies, by Florentin Smarandache, in Critical Review, Creighton University, Vol. III, 73-83, 2009.....................................436 55. n-ary Fuzzy Logic and Neutrosophic Logic Operators, by Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto, in , Belarus, 17 (30), 1-16, 2009...........................................447 56. A Neutrosophic Description Logic, Haibin Wang, André Rogatko, Florentin Smarandache, and Rajshekhar Sunderraman, in Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing, edited by Yan-Qing Zhang and Tsau Young Lin, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA, 305-308, 2006................462 57. Neutrosophic Relational Data Model, by Haibin Wang, Rajshekhar Sunderraman, Florentin Smarandache, André Rogatko, in (Society for Mathematics of Uncertainty, Creighton University), Vol. II, 19-35, 2008.......480 58. Neutrosophic Logic Based Semantic Web Services Agent, by Haibin Wang, Yan-Qing Zhang, Rajshekhar Sunderraman, Florentin Smarandache ...............505 59. Neutrosophic Notions in the Philosophical Lexicon [Russian], by Florentin Smarandache, translated into Russian by Andrei Schumann, in Philosophical Lexicon, Econompress, Minsk-Moscow, Belarus-Russia, 2008.................520 60. Neutrosophic Transdisciplinarity (Multi-Space & Multi-Structure), by Florentin Smarandache, Arhivele Statului, Filiala Vâlcea, Rm. Vâlcea, 1969; presented at _coala de Var_ - Interna ional_, Interdisciplinar_ _i Academic_, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, 6-10 July 2009...............................522 61. Neutrosophic Logic as a Theory of Everything in Logics, by Florentin Smarandache..............................525 62. Blogs on Applications of Neutrosophics and Multispace in Sciences, by Florentin Smarandache.....................528 NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY.......................549 63. Degree of Negation of an Axiom, by Florentin Smarandache..550 NUMBER THEORY..............................554 64. Generalization and Alternatives of Kaprekar’s Routine, by Florentin Smarandache, partially published in author’s book Proposed Problems of Mathematics, Vol. II, State University of Moldova Press, Kishinev, pp. 83-84, 1997................555 65. Three Conjectures and Two Open Generalized Problems in Number Theory (and Addendum), by Florentin Smarandache .........................560 66. Open Questions about Concatenated Primes and Metasequences, by Florentin Smarandache................563 67. k-Factorials, by Florentin Smarandache ........................566 68. Back and Forth Factorials, by Florentin Smarandache ..................567 69. Back and Forth Summands, by Florentin Smarandache ................569 70. A Numerical Experiment on Fermat's Theorem, by V. Christianto & F. Smarandache..............................................571 71. About Factorial Sums, by Mihály Bencze and Florentin Smarandache, in Octogon Mathematical Magazine, Bra_ov, Romania, Vol. 15, No. 2, 810-812, 2007.......574 72. Inequalities for Integer and Fractional Parts, by Mihály Bencze, Florentin Smarandache, in “Octogon", Vol. 14, No. 1, 206-211, 2006..............577 73. Souvenirs from the Empire of Numbers, by Florentin Smarandache ..........584 PARADOXES..................................604 74. Neutrosophic Degree of a Paradoxicity, by Florentin Smarandache ..........605 75. Neutrosophic Diagram and Classes of Neutrosophic Paradoxes, or To The Outer-Limits of Science, by Florentin Smarandache ..........................608 76. S-denying a Theory, by Florentin Smarandache ....................622 77. Five Paradoxes and a General Question on Time Traveling, by Florentin Smarandache..............................................630 PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE.........................632 78. On the Relation between Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Scientific Inquiry, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache ..............................633 79. Of Intent, Citation Game, and Scale-free Networks: A Heuristic Argument, by V. Christianto & F. Smarandache .............................650 80. Social Archive and the Role of New Media in Scientific Dissemination: A Viewpoint, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache ...........................661 PSYCHOLOGY.................................666 81. Improvement of Weber’s and Fechner’s Laws on Sensations and Stimuli, by Florentin Smarandache, short version in Author’s paper “A Unifying Field in Logics: Neutrosophic Logic", in , USA, Vol. 8, No. 3, 385-438, 2002; the whole issue of the MVL international journal was dedicated to neutrosophy and neutrosophic logic, neutrosopihc set, neutrosophic probability and statistics.................................667 QUANTUM PHYSICS.............................670 82. Some Unsolved Problems, Questions, and Applications of the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model, by Florentin Smarandache, in Progress in Physics, Vol. 3, 2010...671 83. Introduction to Biquaternion Number, Schrödinger Equation, and Fractal Graph, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache ..............................674 84. Numerical Result of Supersymmetric Klein-Gordon Equation. Plausible Observation of Supersymmetric-Meson, by V. Christianto1 & F. Smarandache ............681 85. Numerical Solution of Schrödinger Equation with PT-Symmetric Periodic Potential, and its Gamow Integral, by V. Christianto & F. Smarandache .............686 86. Generalized Quaternion Quantum Electrodynamics from Ginzburg-Landau Schrödinger type Equation, proposed research abstract, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache ......................................694 87. Unleashing the Quark within: LENR, Klein-Gordon Equation, and Elementary Particle Physics, preliminary report by Florentin Smarandache & Victor Christianto .....705 88. Is There Iso-PT Symmetric Potential in Nature?, by V. Christianto & F. Smarandache ..............................................710 89. On the Meaning of Imaginary Part of Solution of Biquaternion Klein-Gordon Equation, by V. Christianto & F. Smarandache ..........................716 90. Introduction to the Mu-bit, by Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto .........720 91. Introduction to SC-Potential, by Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto .....723 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODS....................727 92. A Self-Recurrence Method for Generalizing Known Scientific Results [Generalization of the Inequality of Holder, Generalization of the Inequality of Minkowsky, Generalization of an Inequality of Tchebychev], by Florentin Smarandache, translated from French by the Author, published in Author’s book "Généralisations et Généralités" [Generalizations and Generalities], Ed. Nouvelle, Fès, Morocco, 1984.........................728 93. The Neutrosophic Research Method in Scientific and Humanistic Fields, by Florentin Smarandache .......................................732 STATISTICS..................................734 94. A General Family of Estimators for Estimating Population Mean Using Known Value of Some Population Parameter(s), by M. Khoshnevisan, Rajesh Singh, Pankaj Chauhan, Nirmala Sawan, Florentin Smarandache, in Octogon Mathematical Magazine, Vol. 16, No. 1, 160-165, 2008...................................735 95. District Level Analysis of Urbanization from Rural-to-Urban Migration in the Rajasthan State, by J. Singh, H. Yadav, F. Smarandache....747 96. Estimation of Mean in Presence of Non Response Using Exponential Estimator, by Rajesh Singh, Mukesh Kumar, Manoj K. Chaudhary, F. Smarandache....................................758 97. A Class of Separate-Time Estimators for Population Mean in Stratified Sampling Using Known Parameters under Non-Response, by M. K. Chaudhary, R. Singh, M. Kumar, R. K. Shukla, F. Smarandache ..............................769 98. Alternatives to Pearson’s and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficients, by Florentin Smarandache, in , Vol. 3, No. S09, 47-53, Spring 2009............................................780 LETTERS TO THE EDITORS..........................789 99. Forward to Military Research, by Florentin Smarandache, in Review of the Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania, p. 5, No. 2/2007.....................790 100. Request for Support Letters (and Addenda), by Florentin Smarandache, in , Providence, NJ, USA, Vol. 34, ISS 6, 924-925, October 1987....................................792 Biography of Scientist, Writer, and Artist Florentin Smarandache at 55 - updated and extended by Prof. Mihály Bencze ....................................792-800