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Cyclopedia of issues in economics analyzed through the prism of the economies of countries in transition, emerging markets, and developing countries.

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Critical analysis of the foundations and tenets of capitalism and of the dismal science - economics.

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In part 1, we have defined a fuzzy utility system, with different financial goals, different levels of risk tolerance and different personal preferences, liquid assets, etc. In part 2, we have defined a computational model for a simple portfolio insurance strategy using a protective put and computationally derive the investor’s governing utility structures underlying such a strategy under alternative market scenarios. In Part 3, it is proposed an artificial classification scheme to isolate truly benign tumors from those that initially start off as benign but subsequently show metastases. In part 4, an alternative methodological approach has been proposed for quantifying utility in terms of expected information content of the decision-maker’s choice set....

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In this paper we have designed our fuzzy system so that customers are classified to belong to any one of the following three categories: *Conservative and security-oriented (risk shy) *Growth-oriented and dynamic (risk neutral) *Chance-oriented and progressive (risk happy) A neutrosophic system has three components – that’s why it may be considered as just a generalization of a fuzzy system which has only two components. Besides being useful for clients, investor classification has benefits for the professional investment consultants as well. Most brokerage houses would value this information as it gives them a way of targeting clients with a range of financial products more effectively - including insurance, saving schemes, mutual funds, and so forth. Overall, many responsible brokerage houses realize that if they provide an effective service that is tailored to individual needs, in the long-term there is far more chance that they will retain their clients no matter whether the market is up or down....

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The financial crisis which erupted in mid-2007 has been widely viewed as the most serious financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The crisis which originated in developed countries quickly spread to developing countries and the rest of the world. The turbulence in financial systems was followed by a significant reduction in real economic activity throughout the world. The crisis has highlighted that financial markets are inherently unstable and market failures have huge economic and social costs. The crisis has renewed debate on the role of global finance and how it should be regulated. The aim of this book is to encourage and stimulate a more informed debate on reforming the global finance. It examines recent developments and problems afflicting the global financial system. From a developing country perspective, it enunciates guiding principles and offers concrete policy measures to create a more stable, equitable and sustainable global financial system. Several...

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1. The Unfolding of Global Financial Crisis 2. The Global Financial Crisis and Developing Countries 3. Recent Trends in International Finance and Developmental Implications 4. The Rise of New Global Players 5. Financial Derivatives and the Globalization of Risk 6. Global Financial Crisis and India 7. Guiding Principles for Building a Stable Global Financial System 8. Global Financial Reforms and Developing Countries 9. Global Financial Reforms and Civil Society: A Bottom up Approach...

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We focus our discussions in this book on cities, because in our opinion a city is the smallest economic entity which has ‘self-organizing’ character, in a sense that a city can grow by itself (with minimum intervention). Nonetheless, this book will not discuss the self-organization character itself, but a new concept called ‘Cultural Economy’ development. Cultural Economic here is part of leisure and tourism industry, and depends on taste, advertisement, history, and the quality of being diverse, distinctive, with a large spectrum of varieties....

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Content ................... 3 Prologue ....................... 4 Biography of authors .................. 7 Chapter 1. Historical Precursor ............. 8 Pitfalls of Industrialization Is there alternative to industrialization? A review of economics thinking Box I: Cultural Advantage and Cultural Studies Chapter 2. Cultural Advantage as Alternative ............. 20 De-Industrialization and Emergence of Experience Economy Cultural Advantage, a new proposition Chapter 3. High-Tech/High-Touch and Cultural Advantage ..... 31 To automate or not to automate? How to implement Cultural Advantage in city development Box III: Cultural Advantage and Anthropology Chapter 4. A few examples: Lessons to learn ............. 40 a. Nicosia b. Toronto c. Venice d. Huzhou e. Valencia f. Chicago g. Romanian Lesson h. Eastern Europe Lesson i. Argentina Lesson Chapter 5. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory ............. 49 A new proposition: Extended Tobin Tax Bibliography.........60...

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This book examines the economics of the postal sector through three lenses: snapshot and trends, models, and opportunities. In the years to come, the Universal Postal Union plans to develop its role as a knowledge centre for the postal sector from these perspectives. At this time of radical transformation of the postal sector, it is important to understand how the sector has evolved historically, how it is connected with the economic system, and where it is heading. This book thus first presents a long-run view, focusing on incumbent operators over the last three decades, and then describes their development in the last five to ten years. It also offers a real-time picture based on daily “big postal data”, revealing one of the greatest opportunities for the sector in terms of forecasting and product design....

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PREFACE Bishar A. Hussein ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION Development strategies for the postal sector: an economic perspective José Ansón and Matthias Helble CHAPTER 1 Postal economics and statistics for strategy analysis – The long view José Ansón and Matthias Helble CHAPTER 2 Postal economics and statistics for strategy analysis – The short view Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 3 Status of the postal service 20 years after the green paper: a Franco-European perspective José Ansón, Rudy Cuadra, Altamir Linhares, Guillermo Ronderos and Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 4 The economics of postal delivery in developing countries: learning from the Latin American and Sub-Saharan African experiences José Ansón, Rudy Cuadra, Altamir Linhares,Guillermo Ronderos and Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 5 Postal regulation in Sub-Saharan Africa Marie-Odile Pilley CHAPTER 6 Financial inclusion, postal banking and the future postal economic model José Ansón and Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 7 Big postal data, now casting and the global pulse of the economy José Ansón and Matthias He...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics....

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Smarandache inversion sequence Abstract We study the Smarandache inversion sequence which is a new concept, related sequences, conjectures, properties, and problems. This study was conducted by using (Maple 8){a computer Algebra System. Keywords Smarandache inversion, Smarandache reverse sequence. Introduction In [1], C.Ashbacher, studied the Smarandache reverse sequence: 1; 21; 321; 4321; 54321; 654321; 7654321; 87654321; 987654321; 10987654321; 1110987654321; (1) and he checked the _rst 35 elements and no prime were found. I will study sequence (1), from different point of view than C. Ashbacher. The importance of this sequence is to consider the place value of digits for example the number 1110987654321, to be considered with its digits like this : 11; 10; 9; 8; 7; 6; 5; 4; 3; 2; 1, and so on. (This consideration is the soul of this study because our aim is to study all relations like this (without loss of generality). Definition. The value of the Smarandache Inversions (SI) of a positive integers, is the number of the relations i > j ( i and j are the digits of the positive integer that we concern with it), where i alw...

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M. Karama : Smarandache inversion sequence 1 W. He, D. Cui, Z. Zhao and X. Yan : Global attractivity of a recursive sequence 15 J. Earls : Smarandache reversed slightly excessive numbers 22 X. Ren and H. Zhou : A new structure of super R¤-unipotent semigroups 24 J. Li : An equation involving the Smarandache-type function 31 P. Zhang : An equation involving the function ±k(n) 35 Y. B. Jun : Smarandache fantastic ideals of Smarandache BCI-algebras 40 T. Jayeo. la : On the Universality of some Smarandache loops of Bol-Moufang type 45 W. Kandasamy, M. Khoshnevisan and K. Ilanthenral : Smarandache representation and its applications 59 Y. Wang, X. Ren and S. Ma : The translational hull of superabundant semigroups with semilattice of idempotents 75 M. Bencze : Neutrosophic applications in ¯nance, economics and politics|a continuing bequest of knowledge by an exemplarily innovative mind 81 J. Fu : An equation involving the Smarandache function 83 W. Zhu : The relationship between Sp(n) and Sp(kn) 87 X. Du : On the integer part of the M-th root and the largest M-th power not exceeding N 91 J. Earls : On the ten's complement fa...

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The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

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This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

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Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................

Description Details
The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

Excerpt Details
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

Table of Contents Details
Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................