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...N 1-879585-76-6 American Research Press Rehoboth 1999, 2000, 2003 FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEU... ...-76-6 American Research Press Rehoboth 1999, 2000, 2003 FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, ... ...script from the mathematician, experimental writer and innovative painter Florentin Smarandache, especially because the treated subject was of philo... ...language that some signs laid on the paper, which, in fact, represent an "artificial poem": deformed, resulted from a translation by the observant of... ...rosophic set> and <neutrosophic logic> respectively. They are useful in artificial intelligence, neural networks, evolutionary programming, neutro... ...t> and <neutrosophic logic> respectively. They are useful in artificial intelligence, neural networks, evolutionary programming, neutrosophic dyna... ...dy of the NEUTROSOPHIC PHILOSOPHY because, I think, a whole collective of researchers should pass through all philosophical schools/movements/theses... ... have their history. Learning teaches you what not to learn either. Intelligence has prejudices, prejudices have a grain of intelligence too. ... ... The theologians ignore the happening's role, and so the vitalists. Researchers in the Chaos Theory are in progress to discover order inside of...

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...allup 1-3 December 2001 (second printed edition) FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE editor PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIO... ... 1-3 December 2001 (second printed edition) FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE editor PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFE... ...co Contributed papers were sent, by November 30, 2001, to the organizer: Florentin Smarandache, University of New Mexico, 200 College Road, Ga... ...ntributed papers were sent, by November 30, 2001, to the organizer: Florentin Smarandache, University of New Mexico, 200 College Road, Gallup, NM 8... ...re are general rules of combination, and ad hoc rules. For an applied logic to artificial intelligence, a better approach, the best way would be to d... ...ral rules of combination, and ad hoc rules. For an applied logic to artificial intelligence, a better approach, the best way would be to define the ... ...sed a Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System as an intelligent reasoning system, where intelligence means working and adopting with insufficient knowledge an... ...itionistic fuzzy sets, Third Sci. Session of the ''Mathematical Foundation of Artificial Intelligence'' Seminar, Sofia, June 12, 1990, Preprint IM-... ...hastic nature. Recently, however the validity has been called into question by researchers, the development of other tools - centered on possibili...

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... W. B. VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE FUZZY RELATIONAL MAPS AND NEUTROSOPHIC... ... W. B. VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE FUZZY RELATIONAL MAPS AND NEUTROSOPHIC RELATION... ...600036, India e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New M... ...ons. [84]’s work has shed some light on this important subject. Since then many researchers have been trying to explore the problem and develop solu... ...he properties of FRE, methods of solving FRE using algorithms given by several researchers and in some cases methods of neural networks and genetic... ...ion function is considered here. The objective of the activation function in an artificial neural is twice: i To adapt the output to prefix range. ... ... Systems, 106 (1999) 211-220. [196] 36. Holland, J., Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 197... ...44. Kosko, B., Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: Dynamical Approach to Machine Intelligence, Prentice- Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ, 1992. [68] 45. K... ...0, 140, 166, 201] 116. Zadeh, L.A., A Theory of Approximate Reasoning, Machine Intelligence, 9 (1979) 149- 194. [110, 166, 201] 117. Zimmermann, H....

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...Thanks to Dr. Smarandache for his interest in Chinese culture. I cannot decline his warm request to write the preface, even with my fragments of knowledge – no insight nor wisdom, and therefore can be misleading. I have been extremely regr...

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...ownloaded from the following Digital Library: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/eBooks-otherformats.htm Peer Reviewers: Dr. M. Khoshn... ... Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China 1. Introduction Thanks to Dr. Smarandache for his interest in Chinese culture. I cannot decline his warm ... ...y support all the applied studies. Welcome undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and teachers in science philosophy, fuzzy mathematics, informa... ...d teachers in science philosophy, fuzzy mathematics, information science, artificial intelligence, system science and other fields refer, join in and... ...in science philosophy, fuzzy mathematics, information science, artificial intelligence, system science and other fields refer, join in and help in t... ...se that fail to cope with conflicts and contradictions. Consequently from artificial intelligence, such as a computer network, database, information... ...l to cope with conflicts and contradictions. Consequently from artificial intelligence, such as a computer network, database, information engineerin... ..., also by Octogon, Brasov, Romania, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 194-203. F. Liu, Florentin Smarandache: “Logic: a Misleading Concept － A Contradiction Study... ...ook series, Vol. 13), American Research Press 2002 (ISBN 1-931233-56-X). Florentin Smarandache, A Unifying Field in Logics: Neutrosophic Logic: Neut...

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...0036, India e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mex... ...a e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Gallu... ..., Alaska, USA. Copyright 2005 by Hexis, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache and K.Ilanthenral Layout by Kama Kandas... ...SA. Copyright 2005 by Hexis, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache and K.Ilanthenral Layout by Kama Kandasamy. Cover... ...rn. Bart Kosko had given FCM’s and talked about combined FCMs; several other researchers have worked on several new types of modified or super impo... ...mè. Rule based Fuzzy Cognitive Maps -- Fuzzy Causal Relations, Computational Intelligence Modelling, Control and Automaton, Edited by M.Mohammadian... ...IPS99rbfcm- fcm.pdf 29. Caudill, M. Using Neural Nets: Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Artificial Intelligence Expert, 6, 49-53, 1990. 245 30. Chen, S.M. ... ... fcm.pdf 29. Caudill, M. Using Neural Nets: Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Artificial Intelligence Expert, 6, 49-53, 1990. 245 30. Chen, S.M. Cognitive m... ...tive Map Approach to Differential Diagnosis of Specific Language Impairment, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 679, 1-18, 2002. 45. Goto, K. an...

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...onally derive the investor’s governing utility structures underlying such a strategy under alternative market scenarios. In Part 3, it is proposed an artificial classification scheme to isolate truly benign tumors from those that initially start off as benign but subsequently show metastases. In part 4, an alternative methodological approach has been proposed for quantify...

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...This second book devoted on advances and applications of Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for information fusion collects recent papers from different researchers working in engineering and mathematics. Part 1 of this book presents the current state-of-the-art on theoretical investigation...

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...Preamble iii Prefaces v Part I Advances on DSmT 1 Chapter 1 Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules for Information Fusion 3 by Florentin Smarandache and Jean Dezert 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 The principal rules of combination . . . . . . . 6 1.2.1 Notion of total and partial conflicting masses . . . . . 6 1.2.2 The conjunctive ...

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...n the information provided by the sources is both uncertain and (highly) conflicting. This approach, known in literature as DSmT (standing for Dezert-Smarandache Theory), proposes new useful rules of combinations. We gathered in this volume a presentation of DSmT from the beginning to the latest development. Part 1 of this book presents the current state-of-the-art on theo...

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...57 8.2.1 Preliminary: about probability . . . 157 8.2.2 Dempster Shafer Theory . . . . 161 8.2.3 Transferable Belief Model . . . . 162 8.3 Dezert Smarandache Theory (DSmT) . . . 163 8.3.1 Dezert Smarandache model . . . . 164 8.3.2 Fusion rule . . . . . 166 8.4 Probability over logical propositions . . . . 167 8.4.1 Definition . . . . . 167 8.4.2 Property . . . . ....

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...36, India e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mex... ... e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Gallu... ...Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria. Copyright 2005 by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache Layout by Kama Kandasamy. Cover design by ... ...nish a women’s ability to make her partner use condoms for intercourse. Many researchers have studied sexual transmission of HIV in women whose mal... ... rural women. Rural women are naturally empowered with hard labour, natural intelligence, tolerance and above all a strong conditioned feeling tha... ...ingful to see the geometry of fuzzy sets when we discuss fuzziness. Till date researchers over looked such visualization [Kosko, 59-61], instead the... ...tive to the prepositional and predicate calculus reasoning techniques used in artificial intelligence (AI) expert systems. It allows us to reason wi... ... prepositional and predicate calculus reasoning techniques used in artificial intelligence (AI) expert systems. It allows us to reason with sets ins... ... 4-linked FRM, 23 A Acyclic FRM, 21 Acyclic NRM, 68 Adaptive FAM, 60 Artificial intelligence, 58 B Bank of FAM rules, 60-1 C Cau...

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...origin, nature and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This was introduced by one of the authors, Florentin Smarandache. A few of the mentionable characteristics of this mode of thinking are [90-94]: It proposes new philosophical theses, principles, laws, methods, formulas and movements; it reveals that the world is full ...

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...W. B. VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPS AND NEUTROSOPHIC COGNITIV... ...W. B. VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPS AND NEUTROSOPHIC COGNITIVE MAPS ... ...ology, Madras Chennai – 600036, India E-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico ... ... in thick tangles. Feedback precludes the graph-search techniques used in artificial-intelligence expert systems. FCMs feedback allows experts to ... ...angles. Feedback precludes the graph-search techniques used in artificial-intelligence expert systems. FCMs feedback allows experts to freely draw... ...mates the underlying population opinion. FCM combination allows knowledge researchers to construct FCMs with iterative interviews or questionnaire m... ... FCMs In this section we give the illustrations of FCM models of eleven researchers in order to show to the reader the wide areas in which FCMs ha... ...ortions. Knowledge can be represented in much richer ways than in matrix. Artificial intelligence techniques were proposed such as production rules,... ...owledge can be represented in much richer ways than in matrix. Artificial intelligence techniques were proposed such as production rules, frames and...

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... W. B. VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE FUZZY RELATIONAL MAPS AND NEUTROSOPHIC... ... W. B. VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE FUZZY RELATIONAL MAPS AND NEUTROSOPHIC RELATION... ...600036, India e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New M... ...ons. [84]’s work has shed some light on this important subject. Since then many researchers have been trying to explore the problem and develop solu... ...he properties of FRE, methods of solving FRE using algorithms given by several researchers and in some cases methods of neural networks and genetic... ...ion function is considered here. The objective of the activation function in an artificial neural is twice: i To adapt the output to prefix range. ... ... Systems, 106 (1999) 211-220. [196] 36. Holland, J., Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 197... ...44. Kosko, B., Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: Dynamical Approach to Machine Intelligence, Prentice- Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ, 1992. [68] 45. K... ...0, 140, 166, 201] 116. Zadeh, L.A., A Theory of Approximate Reasoning, Machine Intelligence, 9 (1979) 149- 194. [110, 166, 201] 117. Zimmermann, H....

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...36, India e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexic... ... e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Gallup,... ...re, Karnataka, India. Copyright 2004 by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache Layout by Kama Kandasamy. Cover design by Mee... ...aka, India. Copyright 2004 by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache Layout by Kama Kandasamy. Cover design by Meena Kandasa... ...ssible NCM graph in Figure 3.7.16. 115 As our main aim is to motivate researchers to use NCMs in place of FCMs whenever applicable and apply t... ...rganizational Behaviour with Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Int. J. of Computational Intelligence and Organization, 1 (1996) 120-123. 14. De Baets, B., and... ...pplication to a Plant Modeling, in Proc. of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Espoo, Finland, (1991) 1245-1248. 21. Hall ... ...Kosko, B., Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: Dynamical Approach to Machine Intelligence, Prentice- Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ, 1992. 35. Kundu, S.,... ...4) 8-12. 139 59. Taber W. R. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Model Social Systems, Artificial Intelligence Expert, 9 (1994) 18-23. 60. Toida, S., Properti...

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...a Kandasamy e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache e-mail: smarand@unm.edu K. Kandasamy e-... ...y e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache e-mail: smarand@unm.edu K. Kandasamy e-mail: dr.... ...Karnataka, India Copyright 2005 by Hexis, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache and K. Kandasamy Cover Design and Lay... ...CMs in thick tangles. Feedback precludes the graph-search techniques used in artificial-intelligence expert systems. FCMs feedback allows experts t... ...k tangles. Feedback precludes the graph-search techniques used in artificial-intelligence expert systems. FCMs feedback allows experts to freely dr... ...tes the underlying population opinion. FCM combination allows 17 knowledge researchers to construct FCMs with iterative interviews or questionnai... ... denied education by the Brahminical orthodoxy, deduces: "Without knowledge, intelligence was lost, without intelligence, morality was lost and wit... ...s a problem. The word ‘Hindu’ or ‘Indu’ is not there in any of our languages. Researchers say that it is the name of a river. In some places, they s... ...i, India, (1989). 64. Taber W. R. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Model Social Systems, Artificial Intelligence Expert, 9 (1994) 18-23. 65. Thirumaavalavan, ...

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...W. B. VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MIGRANT LABOURERS... ...W. B. VASANTHA KANDASAMY FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MIGRANT LABOURERS LIVING W... ..., India e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico ... ...gration is often, as much voluntary as involuntary. In the same manner, researchers also divide the cause for migration into push factors (factors... ... in thick tangles. Feedback precludes the graph-search techniques used in artificial- intelligence expert systems. FCMs feedback allows experts to f... ...ngles. Feedback precludes the graph-search techniques used in artificial- intelligence expert systems. FCMs feedback allows experts to freely draw c... ...eproduce at least some of the flexibility and power of the human brain by artificial brains. Neural networks consists of many simple computing eleme... ...those fields. We have consulted people of religious groups, agricultural researchers, trade union leaders, doctors, sociologists, psychologists and... ...havior with Fuzzy Cognitive Maps,” International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Organizations, 1 (1996) 120-133. 458 21. Craiger, J.P....