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... a few short months. Although many countries and regions, such as Canada and most of Europe, have shown significant decreases in the number of active cases, the pandemic is far from over and, on a global level, the peak has yet to even be reached as of July 2020 (Neustaeter, 2020). What started as a small outbreak in Wuhan, China back in late 2019 quickly snowballed into a...

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... 7Ventilators……………………………………………………. 13The Role of Masks…………………………………………… 22Medical T... ...nd most of Europe, have shownsignificant decreases in the number of active cases, the pandemic is farfrom over and, on a global level, the peak has ye... ...are settings haveunfortunately led to the death of many people, as was the case in Italy inApril when doctors were put into a position of deciding who... ... of the key downfalls of technology throughout the COVID-19pandemic is the role that the internet and media have played in theperpetuation of misinfor... ...sequences.The hope of this book is to provide an accurate portrayal of the role oftechnology during the COVID-19 pandemic. It will assess the impact o... ...we hope to inform readers and providea changed perspective surrounding the role of technology. Thisinformation may potentially be utilized to make fut... ...y important in aiding withdiagnosis, management and recovery form COVID-19 cases. A positiveresult for this test shows that the patient has antibodies... ...was supplied by the ventilatorbefore the next breath is delivered. In this case, a portion of each newbreath is retained in the patient’s lungs and ar... ...,specifically those of older age (64±18), found that those with moresevere cases are often placed on ventilators (Bhatraju et al., 2020). Aspreviously...

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...This study analyzes the role of the military commander in termination planning during operations other than war. First, the author assesses past and present political guidance, such as the Weinberger doctrine and the presidential directive on peace ...

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...rinciples . . . . . 7 Current Guidance . . . . 11 Planning for Conflict Termination . . . . 13 Summary . . . . . 16 Notes . . . . . 17 3 SOMALIA CASE STUDY . . . . 21 Political Considerations . . . . . 22 United Nations Mandates . . . . 23 Exit Strategy . . . . . 25 Success or Failure? . . . . 26 Weinberger’s Principles Revisited . . . . 27 Summary . . . . . 28 ...

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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3 SOMALIA CASE STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Po... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4 HAITI CASE STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 ... ... iii Abstract This study analyzes the role of the military commander in termination planningduring operations... ...ent exitstrategies in Somalia and Haiti operations. The results of the Somalia case studyindicate that the military commander was not provided specifi... ...he military establishments prior to commencement of hostilities, and(3) in all cases, the planning process will be difficult and fluid. ... ...ltinational coalition or on behalf of the UnitedNations, particularly in those cases where there were little or no US interestsinvolved. However, ther... ...ate conditions. Therefore, this study addresses the question of what theproper role of the military commander is in helping the political leaders defi... ...tervention influences the exit strategy. Specifically, the studydetermines the role of commanders in termination planning and concentrateson the diffi... ...ical/diplomatic, and informationalinstruments of power may play an even larger role than the military instrument of power,depending on the nature of t...

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...pendable Remotely PilotedVehicles for Strategic Offensive Airpower Roles DENNIS LARM, MAJOR, USAF School of Advanced Air... ... and explores future concepts of conventional USstrategic offensive airpower roles. This research has three objectives. Thefirst is to broaden the air... ...e warfare, which is of contemporary importance; and (3)in a strategic attack role, RPVs offer an increased number of advantagesby incorporating expend... ...er ideas. Research and analysis for this study focuses on strategic airpower rolesin a conventional war (i.e., without weapons of mass destruction).3 ... ...otless vehicle “controlled by radio signals”;however, this is not always the case. Literature on unmanned aircraft (UMA) includes many different terms... ...orced under sharp questioning to admit that he has formed an opin­ion upon a case, he is regarded as unfit to conduct the inquiry. Surely this is unso... ... research: WereRPVs initially developed for reconnaissance roles (as was the case forother airpower means)? Did lack of military vision restrict diver... ...war-weary missions provide a humorous side to ProjectAphrodite. In the first case, “one enterprising controller, finding that hecould not dive his rob... ...t also involved a war-weary that went out of control anddisappeared. In this case the escort B-17 finally discovered the UMA cir­cling the English tow...

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...This paper explores the relationship between Information Warfare (IW) and Public Affairs (PA) and reveals a direct link through the role of propaganda in each. A historical analysis of propaganda in past wars yields lessons which can be applied to formulating PA policy on IW today. In light of the evidence, three possible options emerge regarding the poss...

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...E AND IDENTIFYING THE PUBLIC AFFAIRS LINK . . . . . 5 Information Warfare and the CNN Factor . . . . 7 Public Affairs and Psychological Operations Roles Begin to Blur . . . . 8 Notes . . . .12 3 A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MILITARY PROPAGANDA . . . . .15 Revolutionary War . . . . . 16 Civil War . . . . .17 Spanish–American War . . . . .18 World War I . . . . .19 ...

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... Information WarfareAn Air Force Policy for the Role of Public Affairs ROBIN K. CRUMM, Major, USAF S... ... . . . . 7 Public Affairs and Psychological Operations Roles Begin to Blur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...itution. Although IW is still in its infancy, Air Force policy concern­ing the role of Public Affairs (PA) in IW has not been sufficiently examined. T... ...plores the relationship between IW and PA and reveals a direct linkthrough the role of propaganda in each. A historical analysis of propaganda inpast ... ...ight of the evidence, three possible options emerge regarding the pos­sible IW roles PA might adopt. Option One—a “Hands Off” policy—seeks to avoidany... ...ing censorship beyond the areas having todo with military security. In several cases, information needlessly with-held by the military was later revea... ...how accommodate the huge numbers ofpress expected. Just Cause served as a test-case for the implementationof the Sidle Commission recommendations, par... ...but, “The key is the intent of the message overtime.” In other words, isolated cases may warrant spin control of the newsto affect the enemy but it sh... ...3. 50 pages.NOETZEL, Jonathan C., Lt Col, USAF. To War on Tubing and Canvas: A Case Study in theInterrelationships between Technology, Training, Doctr...

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...ategic Arms Control, 1945–2000 United States Air Force Roles and Outcomes JAMES M. SMITH GWENDOLYN HALL ... ... Milestones in strategic arms control, 1945-2000 : United States Air Force roles andoutcomes /edited by James M. Smith and Gwendolyn Hall. p. cm. In... ...nec-tivity among at least three threads that run through that peri-od. The role of nuclear weapons, the rise of an independent AirForce, and the shapi... ... known outside of a very small commu-nity regarding the powerful Air Force role in recent years indetermining the positions our American negotiators p... ...it was being writtenin the 1980s and 1990s? How did the Air Force make its caserelative to the other players in the process, like the US Navywhose sub... ...rol is an integral element of national efforts toenhance security, in this case as both a complement to and asubstitute for more confrontational strat... ...sand capabilities, shifting much of its focus to implementationof, in some cases severely limiting, arms controls rather thanto influencing the arms-c... ...ddressed in tandem by both an active duty and retired officerteam. In each case, the active duty officer provides a detailedcontext of the period’s st... ...ruch was disturbedthat the plan did not spell out what would happen in the caseof cheating. The military found itself in the middle of this debate.Mea...

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...ut human history have had a sensethat they were there to perform a special role in the world or in the'greater plan'. And in certain ways this may hav... ...nd in certain ways this may have contained anelement of truth. But in some cases that sensing has beenmisinterpreted and corrupted into a primitive, i... ...extremely influential in the world. And as isexplained later, their special role in human history becomes clearwhen viewed from the Threshold perspecti... ... deserving favoured treatment – to choosinga more balanced and responsible role for the next, very differentphase of human evolving.For the incoming e... ...ingchanges are bringing to an end what has long been a crucialevolutionary role in the world for the Jews, a role not previouslyrecognised, it seems.T... ...net was one more sign of old, deep, dark problems nowsurfacing in this the case anger of sexual frustration. 66Today, within t... ...eevolutionary function of the cosmic tendency towards equilibrium –in this case, the balancing out of deficiency and excess – is to reduce ... ...a basic ASS technique of mass mindcontrol.Recapitulation (page 81) in this case, is a kind of repeating of aprocess from humankind's earlier evolution... ...ority arise, prompting further troubles – a theme developed later.In these cases, it's usually the 'winners' – ie those with the wealth,the weaponry a...

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...ut human history have had a sensethat they were there to perform a special role in the world or in the'greater plan'. And in certain ways this may hav... ...nd in certain ways this may have contained anelement of truth. But in some cases that sensing has beenmisinterpreted and corrupted into a primitive, i... ...extremely influential in the world. And as isexplained later, their special role in human history becomes clearwhen viewed from the Threshold perspecti... ... deserving favoured treatment – to choosinga more balanced and responsible role for the next, very differentphase of human evolving.For the incoming e... ...ingchanges are bringing to an end what has long been a crucialevolutionary role in the world for the Jews, a role not previouslyrecognised, it seems.T... ...net was one more sign of old, deep, dark problems nowsurfacing in this the case anger of sexual frustration. 66Today, within t... ...eevolutionary function of the cosmic tendency towards equilibrium –in this case, the balancing out of deficiency and excess – is to reduce ... ...a basic ASS technique of mass mindcontrol.Recapitulation (page 81) in this case, is a kind of repeating of aprocess from humankind's earlier evolution... ...ority arise, prompting further troubles – a theme developed later.In these cases, it's usually the 'winners' – ie those with the wealth,the weaponry a...

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...ut human history have had a sensethat they were there to perform a special role in the world or in the'greater plan'. And in certain ways this may hav... ...nd in certain ways this may have contained anelement of truth. But in some cases that sensing has beenmisinterpreted and corrupted into a primitive, i... ...extremely influential in the world. And as isexplained later, their special role in human history becomes clearwhen viewed from the Threshold perspecti... ... deserving favoured treatment – to choosinga more balanced and responsible role for the next, very differentphase of human evolving.For the incoming e... ...ingchanges are bringing to an end what has long been a crucialevolutionary role in the world for the Jews, a role not previouslyrecognised, it seems.T... ...net was one more sign of old, deep, dark problems nowsurfacing in this the case anger of sexual frustration. 66Today, within t... ...eevolutionary function of the cosmic tendency towards equilibrium –in this case, the balancing out of deficiency and excess – is to reduce ... ...a basic ASS technique of mass mindcontrol.Recapitulation (page 81) in this case, is a kind of repeating of aprocess from humankind's earlier evolution... ...ority arise, prompting further troubles – a theme developed later.In these cases, it's usually the 'winners' – ie those with the wealth,the weaponry a...

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...a Website without the prior written permission of the publisher,except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Than... ...t failed catastrophically, they could blame it on her inexperience. In either case, the projectcould still go on with little interruption due to her a... ...nvestigate the unknown. Lisa felt a touch ofpride in possibly playing a small role in her species' ongoing climb of progress. The ship jerked as the ... ...s apoint. You can learn a lot about the real world from stories and games." "Role-playing games especially," Brax said. "They're my favorite. When I ... ...and uncomplicated. "There is still an element of strategy and tactics in the role of a fighter," Doc said. "You must assessboth your abilities and th... ...r philosophy, and those didn't come with allthe nonsense. Most didn't, in any case. "The ones with zombies used to scare me when I was little," Sandr... ...t that some people oftenconfused the two. "You should try them," Brax said. "Role-playing games, I mean. They're a lot of fun. You wouldmake a great ... ...icted to fiction, which provided akind of mental buffer absent to her in this case. "Just one more trick," Brax said. He fired the vertical takeoff ... ...r you to worry about, and now is not the time for lengthyexplanations, in any case. I need to make a report to the king and discuss this situation wit...

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...4 Air Control and Today's US Air Force . . . . . . 25 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 3 THE MOROCCO-POLISARIO WAR: A CASE STUDY OF A MODERN LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Resources and Topography of Western Sahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Moroccan Claims and Stakes ...

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...Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataDean, David J. The Air Force Role in Low-Intensity Conflict. At head of title: Center for Aerospac... ... Page 3 THE MOROCCO-POLISARIO WAR: A CASE STUDY OF A MODERN LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Foundation of Air Force Role in Low-Intensity Conflict . . ... ... Conflict . . . . . . 85 In Search of an Air Force Role in Small Wars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ...f political,military, economic, and social activity . But the military, in many cases, will bethe most visible form of assistance, and one upon which ... ...s book. It was he who led the Air University expedition to Morocco to study the role of the Royal Moroccan Air Force in the Morocco-Polisario conflict... ...ectrum. THE AIR FORCE ROLE IN LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT The Army considers a worst case insurgency situation such as Vietnam as one where a higher classi... ...volved either asinstigators or supporters of revolutionary movements or, in the case of Sovietproxies, as actual participants in such movements . The... ...tensity conflict. There areworthwhile lessons to be learned from two historical cases. The first is theBritish air control experienced in the 1920s an...

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................ .. ....... .... .. ......... .. .... .... 41 Deterrence-The Primary Role for Air Forces. ............ ... ...ONS . ......... .. .... ......... .. ...... ......... .. ............... .. ... 69 The Role of Airpower. .. ...... ......... .. ........ ...s quite apart from Western professionalexpectations. This study has six parts. Chapter 1 discusses the role of airpower in prior MiddleEastern wars a... ...ll try to describe the wars from the Arab perspective so as to glean what lessons theArabs-and, in some cases, the interested onlookers, the Iranians-... ...have a sense of how the Arabs saw the results of their previous airpowerefforts. 1THE ROLE OF AIRPOWER IN THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR T... ... way around. Second, the airstrikes were not designedas a way to attain air superiority as had been the case in 1956 and 1967. Instead, theirattacks w... ...nd Iraq's air forces as purelytactical, would find "the lack of sustained application ofIraq's [in this case] airpoweris one of the more puzzling aspe... ...f Egypt's deterrent, its air force, in 1956 and 1967 led to the destructionof the Egyptian army in both cases. Egypt's answer in 1973 was different fr... ...sides,the resource both did not want to see destroyed, was the oil industry. One could make _the case thatfor Iran's revolutionary leaders, the...

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...This study first provides a general discussion of peacekeeping and constructs a comprehensive framework to categorize and analyze the role of air power in peacekeeping. Next, several recommendations are presented concerning command and control, doctrine, and organizational issues. In the end, this study concludes that the role of air power in peacekeeping i...

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...ping and constructs a comprehensiveframework to categorize and analyze the role of air power in peacekeeping. Next,several recommendations are present... ...trine,and organizational issues. In the end, this study concludes that the role of air powerin peacekeeping is primarily auxiliary. Nevertheless, amon... ...ional experience in peacekeeping, and a current dilemma is todetermine the role of US military forces in general and specifically air power.The air po... ...nt that also suggest the need for an in-depth evalu­ation of the potential role of air power. The first change is the increasingavailability of superp... ...y nature of peacekeeping.Peacekeeping missions today have broadly expanded roles and objectives, 1thus increasing the need for a ... ...shed. Unfortunately, the principle ofconsent is not always cut and dry. In cases of cease-fire or transfers of power, 7it may be ... ...dividuals andgroups within nation-states have international rights in some cases such aswhen atrocities are committed against them) supersede the sove...

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...awc-mxwl.htm AIR WAR COLLEGE AIR UNIVERSITYAir Force Intelligence Role in Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction ... ...ity for that failure. Air Force intelligence professionalsplay important combating-WMD roles at combatant com-mands, components, national intelligence... ... v Abstract Air Force intelligence professionals play key roles in com-bating weapons of mass (WMD) destruction at combat... ...ing WMD is a government-wide enterprise, but theAir Force and AF intelligence play key roles in each pillar ofthe strategy. Intelligence professionals... ...operations,and unit and AOC operations.Predictive Analysis Intelligence plays a vital role in ensuring that potentialadversaries do not acquire W... ...he SIGINT community lost access to key aspects ofIraqi communications.72 As is the case with MASINT, the Air Force plays a keyrole in SI...

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...tions, therestiveness of the Air Force judge advocate general (JAG) corpswith a backseat role, and how the JAG generally failed in its earlyattempt to... ...f jurists, would drive the development of space law. Thefocus here is on the Air Force’s role in the evolution of outer spacelaw primarily from the mi... ...h in motion during the 1950s, the AirForce, in the following decade, did not playa major role in thedevelopment of international outer space law-much ... ...nsequently, he recommended that the Air Force seize theleadership and take a more active role in the development of outerspace law, as the Air Force h... ...ldhave a more profound effect on the US than on anyone else, including theUSSR. He cited case law stating that any nation can take any reasonableand n... ... how it could curtail their own activities, and how far they should go in presenting a case for military space projects. 8By the spring of 1958, bec... ...e of the possible legal issues with regard to outer space programs and analyze specific cases with a view to initiating, where necessary, the formul... ...D/PA),memorandum, subject: “Preventive Self-Defense in Space,” by Maj George D. Schrader,Case No. 66-3923, 11 May 1966.4 House Committee on Astronauti... ... no more such experiments until the results of this one were fully analyzed, and in any case none without proper scientific safeguards; The results...

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...Major Rick Paulsen's study analyzes the role of United States nuclear weapons in this new, multipolar environment. He begins with a historical look at the role nuclear weapons have played in US defense policy since 1945. He reviews current unclassified guidance and...

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... of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataPaulsen, Richard A., 1956- The role of US nuclear weapons in the post-Cold War era / by Richard A. Paulsen... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3 CURRENT THINKING ON THE FUTURE ROLE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 An... ... . . . . . . . 69 Arguments against Nuclear Use in These Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Arguments for Deterr... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 The Role of US Nuclear Weapons . . . . . . . .... ...dent Eisenhower told his Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) thatin the case of a Soviet attack on Western Europe, tacticalweapons wou... ... surprise attack or provide the capability topreempt in the case of gradual escalation. Gen Thomas D. White,Air Force chief of st... ...thepast 20 years to that of the United States and built a solid casefor modernization before the American public . The United St... ...ovided insured survivability of nuclear forces for theworst-case scenario-a surprise bolt-out-of-the-blue attack.The tria... ... attack on US allies. The NATO flexible responsestrategy offers a case in point. Other authors have usedextended deterrence to in...

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...em according to failure types. To earn this purpose, we shall learn about the concept of any failure and introduce failed samples consequently. Any case history shows the conditions of any component and also the solution for any specific type. Furthermore the prevention requirements of any case have been shown at the end of any section....

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... eBooks www.esciencecentral.org/ebooksFailure Analysisof Corrosion Case Histories ... ...ysisof Corrosion Case Histories Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani eBooks Failure Analysis of Corrosion Case ... ...ailure types.To earn this purpose, we shall learn about the concept of any failure and introducefailed samples consequently.Any case history shows the... ...hows the conditions of any component and also the solution forany specific type. Furthermore the prevention requirements of any case have beenshown at... ...his book represents a lot of recommendationsfor each part separately. This is because of the exact and accurate analysis of the casehistories to depic... ...in terms ofeconomic loss, human hazards, and degradation of the environment [9]. In this field, reliability plays an important role in selection of e...

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This study analyzes the effectiveness of airpower versus terrorism using three case studies.

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...Airpower versus Terrorism Three Case Studies Todd R. Phinney, Major, USAF School of Advanced Air ... ...s study analyzes the effectiveness of airpower versus terrorism usingthree case studies. The first case study is Operation El Dorado Canyon,America’s ... ... Canyon,America’s response to Libyan state-sponsored terrorism. The second casestudy is Operation Infinite Reach, America’s cruise missile response to... ... the1998 al-Qaeda bombings of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Thethird case study is the Israeli use of airpower versus the second Palestinianinti... ...e of airpower versus the second Palestinianintifada of September 2000. The case studies address multiple commonquestions: What was the context? Why wa... ..., a key element of the military tool, has and will continue to playa vital role in this war against terrorism. RAND’s Countering the New Terror-ism di... ...l Dorado Canyonwhere American airpower struck Libya in retaliation for its role in state-sponsored terrorism. The second is the 998 cruise missile re... ...British supported military ac-tion.37 Their decision would play a critical role in planning and executingEl Dorado Canyon. Globally, the United States... ... 29OpERATION INFINITE REACHLaden and that “I did it [played a role in the Kenyan attack] all for the causeof Islam. He [bin Laden] is my ...

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...er stresses an armscontrol posture that supports this goal by recognizing its role in support of ratherthan independence of national security policy. ... ...ry of US airpower employment-the basic "stuff" of doctrine. In this case, the discussionwill begin with World War 11. ... ...," and bombers under "Nuclear Forces," he is making aclear distinction in the role of these aircraft, even though the text may state thatbombers can a... ... not according to a preconceived notion of a traditionalstrategic or tactical role. Albert Speer, Adolph Hitler's armaments minister, discussed the "... ... Tactical Air Command in Europe, stated that the P-5 1 was "sosuperior in the role of defending the strategic air forces and making the Germansfight" ... .... Thomas A. Fabyanic, "Strategic Air Attack in the United States Air Force: A Case Study,"Air War College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, 1976, 29. ... ...long-range fighter aircraft not onlyas technologically impossible but in some cases as not really necessary." 18. Fabyanic, "Strategic Air Attack in ... ... Error Probability (CEP) weapons [CEP-a measure of weapon accuracy; in this case, near perfect]. Brilliant weapons that seek out and destroy speci... ...e of potentialadversaries that possess dangerous new capabilities and, in the case of the SovietUnion, also outnumber us. In this increasingly hostil...

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...Psychological Operations : Principles and Case Studies serves as a fundamental guide to PSYOP philosophy, concepts, principles, issues, and thought for both those new to, and those experienced in, the PSYOP field and PSYOP applications . This book clarifies the value...

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...Psychological Operations Principles and Case Studies Editor Frank L. Goldstein, Col, USAF Co... ...ss Cataloging-in-Publication DataPsychological operations : principles and case studies j editor, Frank L. Goldstein ; co-editor, Benjamin F. Findle... ...1996 ." 1. Psychological warfare-United States . 2. Psychological warfare-Case studies . 1. Goldstein, Frank L., 1945- . 11. Findley, Benjamin F. ... ...erations . . . 97 William F. Johnston 8 The Role of Public Opinion . . . . . . . . . . ... .... 225 Ronald D. McLaurin Part IV Case Studies of PSYOP Applications Introduction . . . . . . . . . . ... ... Page 22 The Role of Military Psychological Operations in Support... ...LANK Foreword From a military commander's perspective, the role ofpsychological operations (PSYOP) in the successful planning andexecu... ...ulfillment of US national policy. Psychological Operations: Principles and Case Studies servesas a fundamental guide to PSYOP philosophy, concepts,pri... ... and political warfare. The authors focus on thosepsychological issues and roles that have been recurrent as ournational policy, objectives, and strat...

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...This paper reviews four case studies that demonstrate the variety of ways women have participated in modern armed conflict and explores whether current US laws and policies excluding women from combat remain valid or need to be amended. Each case st...

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... UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Femme FataleAn Examination of the Role of Women in Combat and the Policy Implications for Futur... ...ion Center Cataloging DataAlfonso, Kristal L. M. Femme fatale : an examination of the role of women in combat and the policy implications for futur... ...rticipation in armed conflicts or relegatedtheir participation to scandalous supporting roles, such asprostitutes or pillow-friendly spies. The realit... ...onflicts, and theirrole continues to expand in the modern era. This paper reviews four case studies that demonstrate thevariety of ways women have pa... ... laws and policies exclud-ing women from combat remain valid or need to be amended.Each case study examines three principal facets of female par-ticip... ... inspirations,and the actual contributions made by these women in combatoperations. Two case studies, one on World War II Soviet pilotsand the other o... ...d focus on women inte-grated into military organizations involved in wars. The othertwo case studies, including one on female resistance fighters inWo... ...he asymmetric aspects female participa-tion often provides during conflicts. The first case study examines the women involved in resis-tance operatio... ...tical party. Similarly, female Zionists also found iteasier to engage in nontraditional roles due to the Nazi perse-cution of European Jewry. The over...