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Common Law (X) Logic (X)

       
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The C‘Sars

By: Thomas de Quincey

...ocial organiza- tion which held them together, but the ideal vinculum of a common fealty, and of submission to the same sceptre. This is not like the ... ...t of his character, indisposed him to religious thoughts. Nay, it has been common to class him amongst deliberate atheists; and some well known anecdo... ...Rome to the superstition of portents, prodi- gies, and omens. Thus far, in common with his order, and in this sense, Julius Cæsar was naturally a desp... ...hat of the rural laborer going out to his morning tasks,—it must have been common indeed: “Semiustamque facem vigilatâ nocte viator Ponet; et ad solit... ...ng down upon this little brook—so insignificant in itself, but invested by law with a sanctity so awful, and so dire a consecration. The whole course ... ...ed. The whole elements of the scene were al- most scenically disposed; the law of antagonism having per- haps never been employed with so much effect:... ...of the democracy, corresponding by some of their functions to our House of Commons, men personally, and by their position in the state, entirely in hi... ...rand-uncle, Julius. That adoption made him, to all intents and purposes of law, the son of his great patron; and doubt- less, in a short time, this ad... ...l party met some travellers on their way to Rome (coming up, no doubt,* on law business)— who said, as they passed, “These men are certainly in chase ...

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Bialgebraic Structures and Smarandache Bialgebraic Structures

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy

...3 ∈ N; (n 1 + n 2 ) n 3 = n 1 n 3 + n 2 n 3 (right distributive law). This near-ring will be termed as right near-ring. If n 1 (n 2 ... ...ents of N are left cancelable we say that N fulfils the left cancellation law. Similarly one defines right cancelable. N is an integral domain if N ... ... a S-seminear-ring. We call a non empty subset I of R to be a Smarandache common ideal related to A (S-common ideal related to A) (A ⊂ R) and A a ne... ...quipped with associative binary operations + and ' '. Bisemigroups with a common neutral element for the two associative binary operations are calle... ...enerated by A 1 and A 2 so A denotes the free bimonoid as both have the common identity, Λ the empty sequence . . z ) , z ( = Λ δ ) a , z ( ) a... ...L 1 ∪ L 2 where each L i is an even order loop should we paste or have common paths between the two K 2n graphs. This question is an interesting ... ...tive biring. We say the biring R has a monounit if a unit exists which is common to both R 1 and R 2 we call the common unit as the 138 monouni... ...t) cancellable we say that N fulfils the left (right) 196 cancellation law. N is a bi-integral domain if both N 1 and N 1 has no zero-divisors. ...

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Euthydemus

By: Jowett, Benjamin, 1817-1893

...of the kind to which ancient logic can be usefully ap- plied. The weapons of common sense, not the analytics of Aristotle, are needed for their overth... ...ave. Most of the ancient puzzles have been settled on the basis of usage and common sense; there is no need to reopen them. No science should raise pr... ...mankind, which he finds not un- pleasant. (Compare Apol.) Education is the common subject of all Plato s earlier Dialogues. The concluding remark of... ...and of an army, and the whole art of fighting in armour: and they know about law too, and can teach a man how to use the weapons of the courts when he...

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A Guide To the Hidden Wisdom of Kabbalah

By: Rav Michael Laitman

...n in 1885 in Lodz, Poland, he absorbed a deep knowledge of the written and oral law in his youth, and later became a judge and teacher in Warsaw. In... ...ut and what good will it do me if I study it? Kabbalah gives one answer to one common question: What is the essence of my life and my existence? Ka... ...eginning student like myself to first study the Bible, the written and the oral law for many years, before I begin learning Kabbalah, or can I start... ...oul, as well as the laws that describe its development. According to the law of spiritual development, man has to reach the highest spiritual... ... desires called AHP. At the end of this process everything merges back into one common Kli. That is why the difference between the altruistic Vessel... ...st parts, the lightest with respect to the ability to be corrected. This is the law of correction: first the easiest parts get corrected and then wi...

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G-Dimensional Theory & the Smarandache Quantum Paradoxes : Comparative Logic and Modern Quantum Theory

By: L. Stephen Young

...adox, specifically defines the statement as being false. Nevertheless it is common practice in both scientific and pure logic systems to measure the ... ... as beta ( β), by Einstein, i.e., β = (1-(v/c) 2 ) -1/2 , [14] γ is now the common symbol for this factor.] With (3.1), we see that the secant of an... ...d thus has conjunctive motion with the body. We now suspend Newton's first law of motion, Principia, (1687), as a given principle and treat it inst... ... o = 0: - ϒ = mvsec(θ) /t 2 . (15) From Newton's second law of motion, the resultant acceleration (A), of the body is then, A ... ...s in that quanta. This definition is in complete accord with Newton's first law of motion and moreover provides a causal definition for inertial moti... ... expansion in the motion vector body. In accordance with the inverse square law then, longitudinal length in the gravity vector S' body is defined by... ...Periodic Table), should possess perfect nuclear cubic symmetry, i.e. have a common characteristic of completely filled η potential shells. Analysis ... ...nts should be available as well ―as deduced from the physical properties of common isotopes and their tendencies for noble-like structures ―within t... ...rine, we find exact n-p pairing with 6 C-12, 7 N-14, and 8 O-16, but the common isotopes of boron, 5 B-11 and fluorine, 9 F-19 have an addition...

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Attaining the Worlds Beyond

By: Rav Michael Laitman

...ould essentially focus on a wonderful and simple coexistence for the sake of a common cause apparent to all: our spiritual unification with the openly... ...er our present nature in order to acquire a completely opposite one? The basic law of the spiritual world is summarized in twowords: "absolutealtruism... ...d by human reason or egoism, but by faith; i.e., by a sense of the Creator. If common sense is a vital tool for our actions, then it wouldseemthatwear... ... will subsequentlydiscoverthatbothworldsfunctionaccordingto the same spiritual law of "faith above reason." Ourwillingnesstosuppressourownreasonandbeg... ...isfor us to follow thepath of faith. Consequently, as we attempt to reject our common sense, we increase our suffering. Those of us who have chosen th... ...dy of the soul consistsof620parts,ororgans.Eachpartisconsideredtobea spiritual law or spiritual act (mitzvah). The Light of the CreatorortheCreatorHim... ... When we ascend to a new spiritual level, it is called "fulfilling a spiritual law." As a result of this elevation, new altruistic aspirations are cre... ... food? Guest:Thatisnotuptoyou,buttome.Ifthepersoncoming to my house were not a common person, but a very important personality, I would receive greate... ...solated from the whole world, suspended in nothingness, without the support of common sense, reason or prior experience to support us. It is also as i...

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The Open Book

By: Rav Michael Laitman

...h. Coercion and restriction of desires are inefficient, because the upper law of development, does not allow one to destroy oneself, his desire, bu... ...nd all our actions will be conscious and correct – in accordance with the law of the universe. Then this world and the world we will discover, will c... ...al, biological and mental phenomena. There is, in fact, only one inclusive law that everyone studies, which bears various manifestations: in mechanic... ...tter is, that everything is tied together, because the object examined is common to all, and we divide it only so as to make studying easier. The wi... ... and medicine are but external phenomena that stem from that single inner law of nature. The soul is receptive only to emotions. In our world, we ca... ... the other souls fall because he can see and feel that he has something in common with all the people and all the nations – a collective spiritual bo... ...odies, there is no time, motion or space. That is why there is nothing in common between spirituality and the structure of our nature or our emotion... ...of life, do not exceed the boundaries of some general consensus, based on common senses. But besides those limitations on our senses, because there a... ... can we compare the sensations we ascribe the very same word? What is the common basis by which we can compare our sensory words? And because we can...

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The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes

By: Conan Doyle

...l want your cooperation.” “I shall be delighted.” “You don’t mind breaking the law?” A Scandal in Bohemia 13 “Not in the least.” “Nor running a chanc... ...ch, however, by my inspection. Our visitor bore every mark of being an average commonplace British tradesman, obese, pompous, and slow. He wore rather... ...unate in having an employee who comes under the full market price. It is not a common experience among employers in this age. I don’t know that your a... ..., “the more bizarre a thing is the less mysterious it proves to be. It is your commonplace, featureless crimes which are really puz zling, just as a ... ...n could invent. We would not dare to conceive the things which are really mere commonplaces of existence. If we could fly out of that window hand in ha... ...ence of the whole matter. Depend upon it, there is nothing so unnatural as the commonplace.” I smiled and shook my head. “I can quite understand your ... ...ay, some of the details are of interest. The only drawback is that there is no law, I fear, that can touch the scoundrel.” “Who was he, then, and what... ...sharp you ought to be sharp enough to know that it is you who are breaking the law now, and not me. I have done nothing actionable from the first, but ... ...d you lay yourself open to an action for assault and illegal constraint.” “The law cannot, as you say, touch you,” said Holmes, unlocking and throwing...

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Hard Times

By: Charles Dickens

...ers. ‘Girl number twenty possessed of no facts, in reference to one of the commonest of animals! Some boy’s definition of a horse. Bitzer, yours.’ The... ...e ropes, and fall upon him neatly. He was certain to knock the wind out of common sense, and render that unlucky adversary deaf to the call of time. A... ... with a very knowing assumption of being stiff in the knees. This walk was common to all the male members of Sleary’s company, and was understood to e... ...cy on the subject, that instead of being impressed by the speaker’s strong common sense, they took it in extraordinary dudgeon. The men mut tered ‘Sh... ...umphs and defeats, the cares and joys and sorrows, the lives and deaths of common men and women! They sometimes, after fifteen hours’ work, sat down t... ...so much good, and heartened of me in that cheering way, that thy word is a law to me. Ah, lass, and a bright good law! Better than some real ones.’ ‘N... ...?’ ‘No how,’ returned Mr. Bounderby. ‘If I do her any hurt, sir, there’s a law to punish me?’ ‘Of course there is.’ ‘If I flee from her, there’s a law... ...unish me?’ ‘Of course there is.’ ‘If I marry t’oother dear lass, there’s a law to punish me?’ ‘Of course there is.’ ‘If I was to live wi’ her an’ not ... ...a thing could be, which it never could or would, an’ her so good—there’s a law to punish me, in every innocent child belonging to me?’ ‘Of course ther...

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Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

...ombined conflicting opinions tend to cancel out and assisted by the strong law of large numbers, a consensus emerges as the sample opinion approximat... ...in case of a model, add two or more FCMs to produce a new FCM. The strong law of large numbers ensures in some sense that knowledge reliability incr... ... Combined conflicting opinions tend to cancel out and assisted the strong law of large numbers a consensus emerges as the sample opinion approximate... ...bined (and normalized) FCM entry f ij tends to be in {–1, 1}. The strong law of large numbers ensures that f ij provides a rational approximation ... ...ts (Levels and Variations), several kinds of Relations (Causal, Inference Common, similarity, ill-defined, Crisp, Level-Variation, and other common r... ... effect during a single iteration, but an event which has a real delay. A common example of this kind of timing events is the effect of oil-price var... ... might result in assigning grades of membership in a way unsupportable by common sense reasoning. In order to facilitate a more reasonable represe... ...firm to issue guarantees. The nested FCMs are shown below linked to their common nodes, N3, “Insiders Waive Claim to Firm’s Assets” and N4, “Firm Is... ...on, I translate these variables into singleton values. This approach is a common practice. The resulting FCM is still fuzzy, because both edge and c...

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A Unifying Field in Logics : Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability

By: Florentin Smarandache

...e that <A>, <Neut-A>, <Anti-A> (and <Non-A> of course) have common parts two by two. F) Main Principle: Between an idea <A> and its o... ...ystems and unbalancing stable systems. 6. Philosophia Perennis tells the common truth of contradictory viewpoints, neutrosophy combines with the tr... ...he spiritual field it is really difficult to obtain (exact) formulas. a) Law of Equilibrium: The more <A> increases, the more <Anti-A> decre... ... horizontal Cartesian axes are asymptotes for the curve M $I = k. 19 b) Law of Anti-Reflexivity: <A> in the mirror of <A> gradually vanishes itsel... ...g, therefore itself too! Dadaism of the dadaism vanishes either. c) Law of Complementarity: <A> feels like completing with <Non-A> in order to... ...ntary colors (that, combined in the right intensities, produce white). d) Law of Inverse Effect: When trying to convert someone to an idea, belief, ... ...sophy. f) Law of Joined Disjointedness: <A> and <Non-A> have elements in common. Examples: There is little distinction between "good" ... ...nti-A>; - how to get patterns where they do not look to be, i.e. to find common characteristics at "+", "-", and "0" attributes; - how an idea appe... ...most complicated things are those easy. The most uncommon ones are those common. But we don't see them because we are superficial and don't have ti...

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Proceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics

By: Florentin Smarandache

... has been developed by F. Smarandache to unify all these existing theories in a common global framework. This paper is focused on the development of a... ... on elements of the frame of discernment Θ. The DST accepts as foundation the commonly adopted principle of the third exclude. Even if at first gla... ...on but almost surely not from brain tumor. This conclusion is coherent with the common sense actually. Then, no therapy for brain tumor (like heavy an... ...ralia Abstract: This study actually draws from and builds on “Benford’s law and its application in financial misrepresented of a data ” (Kum... ...nford distribution. Keywords: Financial misrepresented data set, Benford’s law, probability distributions, neutrosophic probability Introduct... .... Kumar and Bhattacharya, 2001, proposed a Monte Carlo adaptation of Benford’s law. There has been some research already on the application of Benfo... ...t that a combination of statistical testing of audit samples based on Benford’s law combined with a neutrosophic reasoning could help the forensic ac... ... 2000 MSC: 03B60, 03B42 2. Objective world and subjective world The common confusion about the objective world is: it is just what we see ... ...e mention it, it is beyond the original sense. Daodejing mainly deals with the common problem: “What/who creates everything in the world we see and ...

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Aesthetics

By: Florentin Smaradanche

...is (literary) interest! A Smarandache swallowed up by the self-sufficient common norms, led to the denominator of uniformity and canonized in banali... ...fferent from the others. Through this, paradoxism fits into an aesthetic law of the inner necessity, as the explanation is given by Nicolai Hartman... ...tation of means. May all this however be called aesthetic? If we take the law of intention of the artistic behaviour, formulated by Tudor Vianu, all... ...n a reader who is not a mathematician, “the effective presentiment of the law of figures”(N. Hartmann), which establishes between reader/contemplato... ...m to the syllogism of bitterness? In spite of many semblances they have a common status in the affirmation, in the exacerbated rehabilitation of ce... ...ontradictions of life are contradictions of the play. The lack of logic is common to both, the ruptures of language draw a tense attention to them. T... ...nding of the human psychology”. From this he develops a tolerance for the common taste, the plebeian exultancy, setting - a little theoretically - t... ...cratic spirit in the culture, even if it shows a libertine language. Its “commonplace” experience is not vulgarity, as there would have been unthink... ... fund, the “counter-performances” of the totalitarianism, governed by the law of saboteur appearances (“exact ambiguities”). 60 Deliberately stra...

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Proceedings of the Introduction to Neutrosophic Physics : Unmatter & Unparticle

By: Florentin Smarandache, Editor

...Neutrosophic Physics. Let be a physical entity (i.e. concept, notion, object, space, field, idea, law, property, state, attribute, theorem, theory, etc.), be the opposite of , and be their neutral (i.e. neither nor but in between). Neutrosophic Physics is a mixture of two or three of these entities , , and that hold...

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Begin the Adventure : How to Break the Light Barrier

By: Florentin Smarandache

...ed of light relative to what?" I often asked anyone who would listen. The common response was, "Light needs no specification of that kind; its speed... ...velocity of a ship as it approaches the velocity of light, a fact that is commonly overlooked is that when the ship tickles the speed of light, the ... ...such a depressing outlook - and an erroneous one in our view - is all too common. It is directly traceable to Einstein's reality view of special rel... ...ws of motion according to S. Chandrasekhar, Newton's Principia for the Common Reader: 1. Every body continues in its state of rest, or of unifo... ...a + v dm/dt (1) and F = ma, the low-speed form of Newton's second law of motion, follows when m is constant. Under relativity, even if the... ...ect not taken into account by this analysis relates to the inverse-square law of radiation. A sop to the gods. Even the subatomic particles in a... ..., 1964; UDC#530.12, p. 181. Equation (1) also agrees with Newton's second law of motion as he stated it in the form "The change of motion is proport... ...line" as straight line. See S. Chandrasekhar, Newton's Principia for the Common Reader, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995, ISBN 0 19 81744 0, p. 23. ... ...whom β = 0; taking us right back to the low-speed form of Newton's second law, F = ma with m = m o , now relativity qualified, meaning that a consta...

... at first clear, then later not so clear upon closer examination. "The speed of light relative to what?" I often asked anyone who would listen. The common response was, "Light needs no specification of that kind; its speed is the same no matter who measures it." "That's true." I would respond; "That's just the second postulate of special relativity which is not in doubt;...

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Introduction to Neutrosophic Logic

By: Charles Ashbacher

...g else” it is then possible to avoid the restrictions forced on us by the law of the excluded middle. Chapter three describes the rules of fuzzy log... ...apter 1 Classical Logic 7 Section 1 Propositions Section 2 The Law of the Excluded Middle Section 3 Logical Equivalence Section ... ...ession ( p /\ ¬q) \/ ( ¬p /\ q). Two additional connectives that are commonly used are the joint denial ( ↓) and the alternative denial ( ‌ ). ... ... as well as the negations of all the tautologies. Section 2 The Law of the Excluded Middle While propositions can be used in many diff... ...at is either true or false, the options are limited. This is known as the Law of the Excluded Middle, meaning of course that there is no middle betw... ..., if A → B and A are true, we can infer that B is also true. This rule is commonly abbreviated MP and the notation used is A → B, A ... ... values of the variables. Tautologies and contradictions are much less common in three-valued logic and this is easy to see from the following th... ...ikely, probably, unlikely, most, few, usually and nearly all are much more common than the absolutes of true and false. The basic logical opera... ... acknowledgement that the values given for the true and false entries are commonly not known with certitude. There are other, similar definition...

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And Gulliver Returns Book VI : Our Psychological Motivations

By: Lemuel Gulliver XVI

... ADJUSTMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 92 SOME COMMON... ...from their environment and had them hatched by canaries. When the new finches were born they were not exposed to any of the building materials common... ... 11 ―Most of don‘t want to believe it but we are psychological—not logical. The common... ...e values which once made us great. This saddens me, but it was to be expected. ―All civilizations perish from within. They rise because of a common... ...e on the hypothalamus it could well have the effect of an orgasm or a cocaine high.‖ —―I wonder if that explains the violence we see so common... ...tamin A in butter was not present in the margarine. So they began to add the vitamin to margarine. In the mid-1940s the United States passed a law to... ...t states have laws against both incest and child abuse. With the exception of Lot having sex with his daughters or Judah with his daughter-in-law, i... ...ve been more overtly encouraged to follow whatever needs and drives they feel. They may now enter the traditional male domains-- of medicine, law, s... ...l goals than the men. 66% of the women and 63% of the men planned to work for advanced degrees. And a slight majority of women plan to go into law, m...

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Circumstantially Evolved Relationship

By: Manohar Asija

...f life. It had resulted in his daughter always complaining of the total absence of modern amenities for leading `a moderately comfortable life` at in-law’s home. … Satyam Joshi too is fascinated by this news item on the channel. In a minute, he ejaculates, “Bravo! This young leader has emerged so strong. He’ll certainly show the right way to outdated leaders, stuck in rhe...

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The Great Galactic Treasure Hunt : A Science Fiction Adventure: A Science Fiction Adventure

By: Ingo Potsch; Ingo Potsch

...enturers who are on their way to new exploits, trying to test the limits of their luck again. Soon, some of them come together to better pursue their common interest with mutual support and travel together through the dangerous expanse of outer space. Over time, others join them and together they have to face severe dangers and hostile conditions. But even those who make i...

...mosphere on board the huge space transporter. The Ostia had cabins of different size for those who could pay for them and then different classes of common passenger areas. Many people travelled in the cargo bays along their possessions, though. The Ostia had several cargo bays with the major ones being large enough to carry along even mid-size spaceships. Because it was ...

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