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Anthology of fascinating historical and scientific facts and links to relevant Web sources.

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...ccumulated a library of anatomy books, porn magazines, horror and adventure novels, historical accounts of the Nazi medical experiments in Auschwitz... ... born in year zero. The very concept of zero was invented much later. Numerous historical minutia in the gospels indicate that Jesus must have ... ... game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Philadelphia Phillies in July 1941. Soap operas followed in February 1947 (DuMont TV's A Woman to Rememb... ... Vegetarianism is associated with compassion. Yet, it pops up in the most unlikely historical contexts. Hitler is alleged to have been a non-smoker... ...recast as subversively anti-Austrian and nationalistic. A series of successful operas - such as Rigoletto (1851), Il Trovatore (1853) and La Tr... ...frequently clashed with censors due to the bold subject matter and librettos of his operas. But he gave rise to so much beauty that his personal foi...

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... Author’s Note This is a work of fiction. While historical persons do appear within the text, all events are of my own i... ...s an equestrienne trainer and performer. Horses were frequently used in the operas and Josephine was my gentlest mare, a beautiful Dutch Friesian. ...

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...E NO ANSWERS 153 THINKING EFFECTIVELY155 HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT WE THINK WE KNOW? 155 EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 159 THEORY AS A START TO SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY 162 HISTORICAL EVIDENCE 163 EVOLUTION 171 ACCEPTING OUR KNOWLEDGE FROM AUTHORITY 176 PERSONAL EXPERIENCE 181 FAITH 182 REASON 184 BUT WE ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL BEINGS 185 THE PROCESS OF REASONING 185 OPINIONS AND SEEKING EXPERTISE 189...

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...rtones in his otherwise secular war. Whether religious or not, all wars are just. Just ask the generals and kings, the popes and the caliphs. Histor... ...s I‘ve had. Seeing Aida in the Baths of Caracalla in Rome. The greatest voices from La Scala, camels and elephants, one of the Verdi‘s finest operas...

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...anliness Pg 1068 Movies Pg 1074 Farming Pg 1075 Education Pg 1078 The Historical Jesus Pg 1090 The Poisoning of Self-Love and Self-Sacrific... ... story of this process is told, beginning from the start, can we gain a sane, historical perspective on our present situation and finally understand ... ... story of this process is told, beginning from the start, can we gain a sane, historical perspective on our present situation and finally understand ... ...year that the wild grazing animals did. 2,000 miles a year all told. This historical example shows one thing. All other things being equal: Hum... ...ivilization which humans do not want to look at or admit it even exists. The historical fact is: what humans are most proud of: the evolution and i... ...u their true face. This is precisely the level of human corruption most Soap Operas mimic. This is precisely what most literature and fiction is o... ...even more unhappy than the majority of consumers. The boring idiocy of soap operas is based upon an endless tearing away of secrets, and lies, and ... ... underneath all of this but even more secret nastiness and corruption. These operas sell the idea that people are supposed to live their lives as s... ...xcuse their nasty actions and lies. You see this endlessly portrayed in soap operas. Why? Because this sick idea is supposed to poison all tru...

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...ok to its origins: a time capsule, a time machine and the embodiment of a historical narrative. E-books, hitherto, have largely been nothing but an... ... of the right medium does count. Print books offer connectivity within an historical context (tradition). E-books are cold and impersonal, alienated... ...n words: "...is working to prevent the Internet — a new medium with major historical significance — and other "born-digital" materials from disappea... ...net libraries are Internet based. They themselves are as ephemeral as the historical record they aim to preserve. This tenuous cyber existence goes a... ...re not. Friends told me that in Italy, for example, all the great Italian operas that had entered the public domain are no longer there. . . Same g... ...e just coming up on the American Bicentennial and they put faux parchment historical documents in with the groceries. So, as I fumbled through my ba... ...lent means; the fare served by the media now consists exclusively of soap operas and reality TV shows; Reading is on terminal decline; with few exce... ...are served by the electronic media everywhere now consists largely of soap operas, interminable sports events, and reality TV shows. True, niche cabl...

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...IC INQUIRY .......................................................... 180 HISTORICAL EVIDENCE .......................................................... ...mes logically, sometimes with some gaps in logic. ―There is some historical evidence that verifies some events in the Bible. There are the ... ...But the evidence for Abraham and Adam only come from the Bible. As in all historical evidence we have to account for the bias of the author. Then wi... ...evidence we have to account for the bias of the author. Then with ancient historical documents we have to be concerned with the biases of those who ... ... not yet. So the assumptions of Marx and Lenin turned out to be wrong and historical, psychological and historical evidence trashed those ideas. ... ...luable to a society, should we give tax breaks to symphony orchestras and operas and to their musicians and singers? How about secular private schoo...

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.... There is disagreement among scholars and traders whether one should better use historical data or current market prices - which include expecta... ...ng market conditions cause volatilities (to) vary through time stochastically, and historical volatilities cannot adjust to changing market conditi... ...ghly subjective nature of technical analysis - the presence of geometric shapes in historical price charts is often in the eyes of the beholder. In... ...d Craig MacKinlay: "An approach to investment management based on the belief that historical price series, trading volume, and other market statis... ...mies reveals their sources of sustenance: Conjunctural - These economies feed off historical or economic conjunctures or crises. They position th... ...s derelict economies and destitute people to the kitschy glamour of the tacky soap operas that flooded their television screens. Bedazzled by the a...

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...to too many people and to too few good parents. The older methods that have historically controlled population have been reduced. Wars are so horribl... ...vidence is stacked against it in an impenetrable wall. Every scientific and historical fact shows that we cannot survive with this many people, even ... ...ill probably preclude your taking that trip around the world, enjoying some operas in Verona or Milan, spending a week at Club Med, or relaxing after...

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...he is desperately poor; night and day he toils at imaginary symphonies and operas instead of try- ing to earn an honest living. His poor wife is reduc... ...ay be compared to a genius of a different type. In Walter Scott’s splendid historical novels, some per- sonage, who seems to have least to do with the... ...man who in his music has but picked up thou- sands of phrases out of other operas, damned or forgotten, and appropriated them, while extending, modify... ...ved in the market to wrap up butter, fish, and fruit. Thus the three grand operas of which the poor man would boast, but which an old Neapolitan cook,... ...!” said he, warmly. “During your absence they sold up my instrument and my operas.” It would have been difficult to kill the fatted calf for the retur... ... the unrecognized Orpheus of Modern Music, would perform passages from his operas—pieces so remark- able that they would extract a few half-pence from...

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...I am not a musical critic, and did not come here to write essays about the operas and deliver judgment upon their merits. The little children of Bayre... ...der intelligence than I. I only care to bring four or five pilgrims to the operas, pilgrims able to appreciate them and enjoy them. What I write about... ...vocal parts. It may be that he was deep, and only added the singing to his operas for the sake of the contrast it would make with the music. Singing! ... ...now what a schnorkel is, but now that I know it has been left out of these operas I never have missed so much in my life. And Uhlic further says that ... ...oned speech.” That certainly de scribes it—in “Parsifal” and some of the operas; and if I understand Uhlic’s elaborate German he apologizes for the ... ...lysis; for, after all, it is the thing to spread your mind. We come now to historical matters, historical remains, one might say. As one turns the pag... ...ill in some distant future be found which deal with “Claimants”— claimants historically notorious: Satan, Claimant; the Golden Calf, Claimant; the Ve... ...resume it—on no evidence of any kind. Which is their way, when they want a historical fact. Fact and presump Mark T wain 235 tion are, for business ...

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...S sion. It was meant by nature for the realisation of the society of comic operas. And you can imagine, if the climate were but towardly, how all the ... ...e village smoke rises from among goodly trees. At the church gates, is the historical joug; a place of penance for the neck of de- tected sinners, and... ...rical joug; a place of penance for the neck of de- tected sinners, and the historical Louping-on Stane, from which Dutch-built lairds and farmers clim...

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...hearts. This is a legiti- mate result of habit and education. Our nation will like the opera, too, by and by, no doubt. One in fifty of those who atte... ...be able to talk knowingly about it. The latter usually hum the airs while they are be- ing sung, so that their neighbors may perceive that they have b... ...ss of a train to a breach of good manners and the discomfort of being unpleasantly conspicuous during a stretch of three or four hours. CHAPTER X How ... ...CHAPTER X How Wagner Operas Bang Along THREE OR FOUR HOURS. That is a long time to sit in one place, whether one be conspicuous or not, yet some of Wa... ...o means too much. She said that this composer had made a complete revolution in music and was burying the old masters one by one. And she said that Wa... ...ith vigorous hu- manity—how impossibly long ago that seems!—and here it stands yet, and possibly may still be standing here, sunning itself and dreami... ...t beds remained in the chambers, and their quilts and curtains and canopies were decorated with curious hand- work, and the walls and ceilings frescoe...

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...st, led first and foremost by his love for his art, his novels are undying historical pictures. It is not that there is anything allegorical in his no... ...e art, the forms in which music is expressed (symphonies and sonatas, even operas wearied him), but he loved the poetry of music: he loved those vague...

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...nd of them the tourist can speak with much more truth and vivacity than of historical recollections compiled out of histories, or filched out of handb... ...from honest Germany, where there is beer and aes- thetic conversation, and operas at a small cost. The shabbi- ness of this place actually beats Irela...

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...he or- chestra of a theatre; others like du Bruel, write vaudeville, comic operas, melodramas, or act as prompters behind the scenes. We may mention a... ...ed them, were sold at 71 Balzac the University library under the name of “Historical and Geographic Catechisms.” Feeling himself in duty bound to off...

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...d me a pretty couplet, which came from Paris, on an air in one of Mouret’s operas, which was then playing. Monsieur Simon (the judge major) was so ple... ...th my paper, attending with “take care!” they begin—No, never since French operas existed was there such a confused discord! The minuet, however, pres... ...ght of. While we were fighting in Italy , they were singing in France: the operas of Rameau began to make a noise there, and once more raise the credi... ...oke me from sleep. A kind of music far superior, in my opinion, to that of operas, and which in all Italy has not its equal, nor perhaps in the whole ... ...d the battle of Fontenoi, there were many galas at Versailles, and several operas performed at the theater of the little stables. Among 319 Rousseau ... ...at time my views had 390 The Confessions become much more extended by the historical study of mo- rality. I had perceived everything to be radically ...

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...eople, in order to hold possession of the estate of Gondreville. [See “ An Historical Mystery.”] Conse- quently, all the support and influence of Mali... ...eople, who had despoiled the Cinq-Cygne family of their property. [See “An Historical Mystery.”] Grevin was not only one of the most important witness... ...by the criminal trial relating to the ab- duction of Gondreville. [See “An Historical Mystery.”] The Marions, Grevins, and Giguets were all the more u... ... “and Mademoiselle is more beautiful than—” “Oh! if you are going to quote operas and opera beauties!” said Herbelot the notary, naively, having finis... ...se, whose haughty nature and powerful will you, madame, know well [see “An Historical Mystery”],—never does she drive into Arcis from her chateau of C... ...te France and Sweden clasped hands,” replied Madame de Saint-Esteve, whose historical erudition went as far as that. “It is very certain,” said Vautri...

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...esome test; and it is by this troublesome standard that a large portion of historical evidence is sifted. Consistency is no less pertinacious and exac... ...rauss for those of the New Testament—has been of incalculable value to the historical theorists of the last and present centuries. To question the exi... ...e earliest life of Homer we possess, and so broad are the evidences of its historical worthlessness, that it is scarcely necessary to point them out i... ...d far out of the reach of observation. If we were in possession of all the historical testimonies, we never could wholly explain the origin of the Ili... ...rence to Grecian history; for they thus afford us an insight into the anti-historical character of the Greeks, enabling us to trace the subsequent for... ...he same sort of diligence as we daily see practised in the case of Italian operas), will find more sweetness, variety, and majesty of sound, than in a...

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... any expla- nation, I would at times make out some shadowy but deci- sive outline of a plot; and I was continually reminded of certain quarrelsome con... ...t of the songs. One was patriotic, and dared Tembinok’ of Apemama, the terror of the group, to an invasion. One mixed the planting of taro and the har...

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...rant the world ashore may be of it, that there have been several memorable historical instances where a particu- lar whale in the ocean has been at di... ...he world, that without some 202 Moby Dick hints touching the plain facts, historical and otherwise, of the fishery, they might scout at Moby Dick as ... ...you! What club but the whaleman’s can head off like that? CHAPTER 83 Jonah Historically Regarded R EFERENCE WA S MADE to the historical story of Jonah... ...whale in the preceding chapter. Now some Nantucketers rather distrust this historical story of Jonah and the whale. But then there were some sceptical... ...Besides, to this day, the highly enlightened Turks devoutly believe in the historical story of Jonah. And some three centuries ago, an English travell... ...ls and jails, and walks fast crossing graveyards, and would rather talk of operas than hell; calls Cowper, Y oung, Pascal, Rousseau, poor devils all o...

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... Honor and Glory of Whaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 83 Jonah Historically Regarded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 84 Pitchp... ...le wonders of the world, that without some hints touching the plain facts, historical and otherwise, of the fishery, they might scout at Moby Dick as a... ...ou! What club but the whaleman’s can head off like that? Chapter 83 Jonah Historically Regarded R eference was made to the historical story of Jonah ... ...ale in the pre ceding chapter. Now some Nantucketers rather distrust this historical story of Jonah and the whale. But then there were some sceptical... ...es, it has been divined by other continental commen 354 Chapter 83 Jonah Historically Regarded tators, that when Jonah was thrown overboard from the... ...s and jails, and walks fast crossing grave yards, and would rather talk of operas than hell; calls Cowper, Young, Pascal, Rousseau, poor devils all of...

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... and Art, Emilia and Opera. He knew this and that great organ, and all the operas; but he amazed the ladies by talking as if he knew great people like... ... Tracy Runningbrook to come to Brookfield, and write libretti for Emilia’s operas. The two would sit down together for an hour, drawing wonderful prec... ...as shaken with sobs— unmistakeable, hard, sorrowful convulsions. “Confound historical facts that make her cry!” he mur- mured to himself, in a fury at...

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...a hack and went about my business, and it was in this hack— this immortal, historical hack—that the curious thing I speak of occurred. It was a hack l... ..., on the other hand, wore a fixed smile. The marquis said that among light operas his favorite was the Gazza Ladra. The marquise then began a series o...

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...s, To newspapers, whose truth all know and feel, To plays in five, and operas in three acts; All these confirm my statement a good deal, B... ...ow with authority, Turpin’s or Monmouth Geoffry’s Chronicle; Men whose historical superiority Is always greatest at a miracle. But Saint A...

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...e stretches of country, of reading about revolutions and wars, of looking at historical pictures—a class of efforts as to which she had often committe... ...s Gem ini’s as if to guide her course to the garden, “Mr. Osmond’s never so historical.” “Oh you,” the Countess answered as they moved away, “you you... ...bjects with that sufficiency with which she followed those of the fashionable operas. This went far enough for attention to the music and the barytone.... ...Lord Warburton announcing that he should like to marry her. It was indeed an historical, an interesting, bench; she stood and looked at it as if it mi...

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...stretches of country, of reading about revolutions and wars, of looking at historical pictures—a class of efforts as to which she had often committed ... ...s Gemini’s as if to guide her course to the garden, “Mr. Osmond’s never so historical.” “Oh you,” the Countess answered as they moved away, “you yours... ...cts with that sufficiency with which she followed those of the fashionable operas. This went far enough for attention to the music and the barytone. H... ...he supposition, whether to this intimate friend of several years the great historical epithet of wicked were to be applied. She knew the idea only by ...

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... character on the scene; no less, indeed, than the heroine of this heroic, historical, prosaic poem. Here, therefore, we have thought proper to prepar... ...bably may be reck oned those initial essays which we have prefixed to the historical matter contained in every book; and which we have determined to ... ...ly improved her mind by study; she had not only read all the modern plays, operas, oratorios, poems, and romances—in all which she was a critic; but h... ...hey may be of so extraordinary a nature as will require no small degree of historical faith to swallow them. Such was the successless armament of Xerx...

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...cs. He came into the room after Mrs. Seal’s outburst and pointed out, with historical il- lustrations, that such reverses had happened in every politi... ...ckly than usual about the possibility that some of the 279 Virginia Woolf operas of Mozart would be played in the summer. He had received a notice, h... ... started afresh. “Charming to look at, and charming to talk to, though her historical knowledge is not altogether profound. Another cup of tea?” Mrs. ...

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...id George Osborne, “you who are so clever an artist, you must make a grand historical picture of the scene of the boots. Sedley shall be represented i... ...nd to rout Mr. Washington on Long Island, would prove itself worthy of its historical reputation on the oft-trodden battle-grounds of the Low Countrie... ... at Brussels on the 15th of June in 289 Thackeray the above-named year is historical. All Brussels had been in a state of excitement about it, and I ... ...d a little when the present Duke in his youth insisted upon having his own operas played there, and it is said one day, in a fury, from his place in t...

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...n plays like Measure for Measure. I cannot help that. Popular dra- mas and operas may have overwhelming merits as enchant- ing make-believes; but a po... ... music-plays of which it is built have become popular throughout Europe as operas. We shall presently see that one of them, Night Falls On The Gods, a... ...tory of the matter is as follows. All Wagner’s works prior to The Ring are operas. The last of them, Lohengrin, is perhaps the best known of modern op... ...r- tility than was required from his predecessors for the com- position of operas under the old system! Such discussions are not within the scope of t... ...l of repetition in The Ring does not distinguish it from the old-fashioned operas. The real difference is that in them the repetition was used for the... ...ure if Carlyle (for example) had been compelled by convention to write his historical stories in rhymed stanzas. That is to say, it lim- its his ferti... ... Garden, an intolerably old-fash- ioned tradition of half rhetorical, half historical-pictorial at- titude and gesture prevails. The most striking mom...

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...s are forbidden, picture post cards are forbidden, theatres are forbidden, operas are forbidden, cir- cuses are forbidden, sweetmeats are forbidden, p... ...jective need for a religion and its right to an impartially communi- cated historical objective knowledge of all the creeds and Churches. Just as a ch...

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... which he produced here—satirico-political pieces, such as Pasquin and the Historical Register—were popular enough, but offended the Government; and i... ...ality as a creature of art, but which possesses rather dubious claims as a historical character. It is astonishing how this Fielding of fantasy sinks ... ... with dreams of the equipage and fine clothes she had seen, and the balls, operas, and ridottos, which had been the subject of their conversation. In ... ...ashion seized several places to their own use, such as courts, assemblies, operas, balls, &c., the people of no fashion, besides one royal place, call... ... of it; for I had heard some of my schoolfellows pretend to knowl- edge in operas, without being able to sing or play on the fiddle. Knowledge of the ...

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...cence. If there is a difference of opinion about the reality of an alleged historical event, in which the feelings of men general are not much interes... ...oman from having written all the plays of Shakespeare, or composed all the operas of Mozart. But Queen Elizabeth or Queen Victoria, had they not inher...

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... back reloaded). and a Parc-aux-cerfs. Whereby at least we have again this historical curiosity: a human being in an original position; swimming passi... ...s and operates down even to the populace. At Rennes in Brittany, where the historical Bertrand de Moleville is Intendant, it has passed from fatal con... ...nfessed that the ground-tone of the noblest passage, in one of his noblest Operas, was the voice of the Populace he had heard at Vienna, crying to the... ...tives and positives! The Siege of the Bastille, weighed with which, in the Historical balance, most other sieges, including that of Troy Town, are gos... ...er licensed by leaden badge) may have come,—will perhaps remain for ever a Historical Problem. Another Saul among the people we dis- cern: ‘Pere Adam,...

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...eir deeds. We listened to many a legend of Charlemagne. But that which was historically interesting for us began with Rudolph 42 Autobiography of Hap... ...attended diligently, the reputation of being able to tell at once what any historical picture represented, whether taken from bibli- cal or profane hi... ...nd unquiet times; so that I could not forbear representing what he related historically, as if it were present, by pictures of characters and circumst... ...ry” into our hands; it was useful and instructive enough, for it gave us a historical information of all the kinds of poetry, as well as of rhythm and... ...y the feelings, and embellishes them with suitable sentiments, images, and historical and fabulous traditions. Their roughness and wildness belong to ... ... throughout, but we suffered ourselves to be carried away by them; and his operas, set to music by Hiller in an easy style, gave us much pleasure. Sch...

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... back reloaded). and a Parc-aux-cerfs. Whereby at least we have again this historical curiosity: a human being in an original position; swimming passi... ...and steady; now or 69 Thomas Carlyle never!—the World shall see one other Historical Scene; and so singular a man as Lomenie de Brienne still the Sta... ...and operates down even to the popu- lace. At Rennes in Brittany, where the historical Bertrand de Moleville is Intendant, it has passed from fatal con... ...nfessed that the ground-tone of the noblest passage, in one of his noblest Operas, was the voice of the Populace he had heard at Vienna, crying to the... ...tives and positives! The Siege of the Bastille, weighed with which, in the Historical balance, most other sieges, including that of Troy Town, are gos... ...i- censed by leaden badge) may have come,—will perhaps re- main for ever a Historical Problem. Another Saul among the people we discern: ‘Pere Adam, F...

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...at a word, a scent, a sound, to conjure up scenes, in spirit and in flame. Historically, they still march with Cadwallader, with Llewellyn, with Glend... ...he patron’s 349 George Meredith homage; and who but he knew her adored of operas, or would have had the benevolent impulse to think of solacing her e... ...yet merely to deplore: frightful comparisons of then with now rendered the historical shock to the marriage market matter for a sick smile. Evil geniu... ... old English practical repartee, wor- thy a place in England’s book of her historical popular jests; conceived ingeniously, no bit murderously, even h...

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...e Tuileries.” 323 Burlesques CHAPTER III. THE ADVANCE OF THE PRETENDERS.— HISTORICAL REVIEW. WE WILL NOW RESUME THE NARRATIVE, and endeavor to com- p... ...man of me.” “And send Pa into dunghills,” roared Tug. “Then you must go to operas, and pick up foreign Barons and Counts.” “Oh, thank heaven, dearest ...

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...few novels during this happy month, they had been very select, and chiefly historical romance. She was at the age when nothing is impossible to youthf... ... evening parties, though she took her young people to plays, concerts, and operas, and all that was pleasant. Her young people included Jessie. Colo- ... ... was what it should be about, whether a sporting tale of modern life, or a historical story in which his familiarity with Italian art and scenery woul...

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...rior, whence the deluges of melted stone have originally proceeded. Within historical times, no signs of volcanic activity have, I believe, been mani-... ...tones,” so forcibly convey to my mind the ide of a convulsion, of which in historical records we might i vain seek for any counterpart: yet the progre... ...eaved and since par- tially worn down, two volcanos, and perhaps more, are historically known to have been in action. On the other hand, although most... ...e was much more Anglified. There is a very pretty little theatre, in which operas are excellently performed. We were also surprised at seeing large bo...

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...belonging to the office, yet the secret was known by them all. It had been historical for the last four or five years, and was now regarded as a thing... ...ster Ter- race. And yet he heard of her dining out, and going to plays and operas; and when he did chance to see her, he found that she was a sprightl...