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...Hume’s Problems with Induction, which is intended to describe and refute some of the main doubts and objections David Hume raised with regard to inductive reasoning. It replaces the so-called problem of induction with a principle of induction. David Hume’s notorious skeptici...

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... in Geneva, Switzerland.AbstractHume’s Problems with Induction is intended to describe andrefute some of the main doubts and objections David Humerais... ...refute some of the main doubts and objections David Humeraised with regard to inductive reasoning.It replaces the so-called problem of induction with ... ... based on errors ofobservation and reasoning, with regard to induction,causation, necessity, the self and freewill.These are here p... ...ch has a more subjectivist flavor than mine, and mine has a more objectivist flavor than his. Note, however, that in his later work Hus... ...dently.The philosophical sciences of logic, phenomenology,epistemology and ontology provide the blueprint andgu... ... HUME’S PROBLEMS WITH INDUCTIONIt does not follow from such non-skeptical, objectivist theoryof knowledge that perception or conception can never beer... ... the fallacy of four terms.It is thus clear from our exposition that the introduction of theconcept “grue” has changed nothing whatsoever in theindu... ...aptly called “the German a priori method”(p. 237). We find the same psycho-epistemology in Kant andHegel, and many other (though not all) German philo... ...roject GutenbergE-text (Internet).Magee, Bryan. The Great Philosophers: An Introduction toWestern Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford, 1987.Yourgrau, Palle. A ...

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...Phenomenology is the study of appearance as such. It is a branch of both Ontology and Epistemology, since appearing is being known. By an ‘appearance’ is meant any existent which impinges on consciousness, anything cognized, irrespective of any judgment as to whether it be ‘real’ or ‘illusory.’ The evaluation ...

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...1. What, Why and How 9 1. Phenomenology 10 2. Knowledge is Based on Appearance 14 3. To Be Or Not To Be 19 4. The Phenomenological Approach 23 2. Organizing Principles 27 1. The Order of Things 28 2. Appearance and Other Large Concepts 32 3. Material, Mental, Intuitive, Abstract 38 4. ...

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...logy is the study of appearance as such. It is abranch of both Ontology and Epistemology, since appearingis being known.By an ‘appearance’ is meant an... ...ess, anything cognized, irrespective of anyjudgment as to whether it be ‘real’ or ‘illusory.’ Theevaluation o... ...patibility.Words facilitate our construction of conceptual knowledge,thanks to their intentionality. The abstract concepts mostwords intend are common... ...ch a theory of universals would elucidatesensation and memory.In attempting to retrace the development of conceptualknowledge from experience, we may ... ...ology (the study of being assuch; or more restrictively, of real being) and Epistemology(the study of knowledge as such; or more restrictively, of tru... ...edge isbased on appearance. This is in stark contrast to otherapproaches to epistemology, which propose that knowledgeis based on ‘external reality’ o... ...uld be coextensive. So our hypothesis ofconsciousness is inherently rather ‘objectivist.’ Evidently,there is lots of reasoning behind such concepts an... ... notion first, and is then furtherstructured and buttressed as a concept by introduction of thethree dimensions.3.4 Clearly also, the concept of me... ... THE ACTIVE ROLE OF LOGIC 309significance of the introduction of propositions concerningchange into formal logic.Our philos...

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...rate the possibility and conditions of validity of human knowledge, the utility and reliability of human cognitive means when properly used, contrary to the skeptical assumptions that are nowadays fashionable. This volume includes essays on the laws of thought, credibility, logical modality, contextuality, adduction, theory formation and selection, induction of actual and...

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...duction 151 1. Degrees of Being 151 2. Induction from Logical Possibility 156 3. The Novelty of My Work 161 17. An Inductive Logic Primer 163 1. Introduction 163 2. Induction 165 3. The Art of Knowing 168 4. Adduction in Western Philosophy 170 18. Intro to Phenomenology 175 1. What, Why and How 175 2. Knowledge is Based on Appearance 177 3. To Be or Not to Be 1...

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...ility and reliability of humancognitive means when properly used, contrary to the skepticalassumptions that are nowadays fashionable.This volume inclu... ...uctive Logic Primer ...................................... 163 1. Introduction....................................................... 163 ... ...tion in Western Philosophy .................... 17018. Intro to Phenomenology........................................... 175 1. W... ... Knowledge is Based on Appearance................. 177 3. To Be or Not to Be............................................ 180 4.... ...ils that really make up andteach inductive logic; the surrounding informal introductionsand conclusions cannot replace them. So, the present volume,wh... ...LOGIC PRIMER Drawn from Judaic Logic (1995), Chapter 1:2 (part), 2:1-2.1. IntroductionThe reader of the present volume does not need to havepreviousl... ...ld becoextensive. So, our hypothesis of consciousness is inherentlyrather ‘objectivist’. Evidently, there is lots of reasoning behindsuch concepts and... ...ch has a more subjectivist flavor than mine, and mine has a more objectivist flavor than his. Note, however, that in his later work Hus... ...e knowledge we already have.177It does not follow from such non-skeptical, objectivist theory ofknowledge that perception or conception can ...

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... Transparency International. It draws out implicit conceptions of an ideal uncorrupted society. While international anticorruption discourse is found to be broadly reflective of what can be called advanced liberal ideals of governing, the thesis enables an in-depth understanding of the manifold and complex discursive moves through which these particular ideals are construc...

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...man beings which differs from ‘rational and self-interested’. [...] These negations of different social structures and political projects are related to other negations, such as of non-positivist ways of acquiring knowledge and investigating corruption and possible counter-measures. In a political project that is structured consistently according to the presuppositions and...

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...Abbreviations Figures Acknowledgements Quotes Introduction 1 Corruption as a social construction – implications for an analysis of international anticorruption efforts The fight against corruption – an intrinsically good project? Positivist res...

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....................................................................[*this refers to the extent to which the text has been corrected by others]STATEMENT ... ...rrected by others]STATEMENT 2I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and forinter-library loan, and for the... ...able for photocopying and forinter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outsideorganisations.Signed ...................... ...s, anticorruption co-operations between powerful social actors, reliance on an objectivist kind ofknowledge, and the elaborate construction of corrupt... ...st studies of corruption that are based on causal designsnecessarily work with objectivist definitions of corruption and other variables. Intreating c... ...e current mainstream literature on corruption is that it relies ona positivist epistemology and tends to look at corruption as something which can beo... ...olically in that the Universal is repre-163 Nonhoff (2006: 121)164 For a short introduction to the history of the concept of the Universal in Western ... ...he Universal; chain AC merelycalls for the ‘minimisation of discretion’ or the introduction of things like ‘clear rules88 TI-S official 689 Cf. Dean (... ...o that users cannotpredict the officials with whom they may be dealing”.20 The introduction of e-procurement21 reflects a similar direction. Apart fro...

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...eciate any comments on this essay. Among other things, our radically systematic approach, setting a radically new direction for metaphysics, can help to better understand the axioms of Objectivism. This is done by, among other things, identifying the limits of systems and the limits of axioms. These intellectually startling essays must be read slowly, carefully, and beyond...

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...matic approach, setting a radically new direction for metaphysics,can help to better understand the axioms of Objectivism. Thisis done by, among other... ...nly philosophical denial of metaphysical opposition,this essay should help to transcend the Godelian completeness-consistency limit,a possible objecti... ...transcend the Godelian completeness-consistency limit,a possible objection to Objectivism. The essay can easily be misread andtrivialized despite its ... ...oblems. Please ignore thetrivial inconsistency between the concern, in the introduction, to be existenceand to avoid essences and the concern, in the ... ...rradical metaphysics. The Presocratics, withinlimits, may be considered an introduction to our concerns. We can infinitelymodify our approach to any v... ...lem. The understanding of science inour "Philosophy of Science" is another introduction to existence, clearlylinking different philosophies to differe... ...owledge, and youdisregard fundamentality. This is a wider statement of the Objectivistinsight that essences are epistemological, not metaphysical.Give... ...arvardUniversity Press, 1983 (1948). Parmenides, Fr. 2.2. _Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology_; Ayn Rand; TheObjectivist, 1973. p.53.3. Rand; p.... ...man; (Parmenides) Fr. 3.18. Peikoff; p.10.19. Rand; p.53; _Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology_.=================================================...

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...duction, apart from the elucidation of adductive processes (the scientific method), almost no formal work has been done. This is the first work ever to strictly formalize the inductive processes of generalization and particularization, through the novel methods of factorial analysis, factor selection and formula revision. This is the first work ever to develop a formal l...

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...Part I. ACTUAL CATEGORICALS. (Chap. 1-10) Introduction. Foundations. Logical Relations. Words and Things. Propositions. Oppositions. Eductions. Syllogisms: Definitions. Syllogisms: Applications. Syllogisms: Validations. Part II. MODAL CATEGORICALS. (Chap. 11-19.)...

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...scientific method),almost no formal work has been done.This is the first work ever to strictly formalize the inductive processes of generalizationand ... ...torial analysis, factor selection andformula revision.This is the first work ever to develop a formal logic of the natural, temporal andextensional t... ...f the logic of change (which introduces adynamic instead of merely static approach to classification); the first formal definitions of themodal types ... ...ssible to list briefly all the innovations in logical science -- and therefore,epistemology and ontology -- this book presents; it has to be read ... ... 3 Contents in briefPart I. ACTUAL CATEGORICALS. (Chap. 1-10.)Introduction. Foundations. Logical Relations. Words and Things. Pro... ...TEGORICALS. ..............................................................11 1 . INTRODUCTION. ........................................................ ... ACTUAL CATEGORICALS.12 FUTURE LOGIC 1. INTRODUCTION. 1. What is Logic? a. Definit... ...to see, isWhite’s firm conviction that logicians who do not arrive at some sort of objectivist conclusion, havesimply failed to answer the question. ... ...espect. Her writingsin the sixties and seventies, including Atlas Shrugged and The Objectivist Newsletter, wereapparently received with an embarrassed...

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...ing pedagogical theories, and increasingly diverse learning environments. By navigating these changes, educators and researchers need to explore innovative strategies and frameworks and become ever more critical. This book, "Contemporary Education: Reframing Theory and Practice Across Fields," brings together a collection of studies that...

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...BUBAR, KÜBRA UĞURLU Chapter2 .................................................................................................. 25 From Preschool to Primary School: The Effect of Students' Early Literacy Skills on Reading and Reading Comprehension Performance BÜŞRA KOÇ ÇINAR, YAKUP BURAK Chapter 3 .....................................................................

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... analyzing contemporary approaches to teacher education. Prof. Dr. Coş... ...of. Dr. Coşgun Ögeyik is dedicated to advancing the quality of languag... ...mpirical studies. She is committed to shaping the future of language ... ...zby, 1987; Whitehurst & Lonigan, 1998 Many Introduction studies on reading skills with preschool ... ... , YAKUP BURAK3 importance to ensure a happy and peaceful Introduction childhood for the child (Chu et al., 2024; ... ...dified another’s freedom and power” (Cohen et al,dualist / objectivist perspective 2007, p. 26).epistemologically. ... ...f Qualitative Research (Third ed.). London: Sage.Ernest, P. (1994). An Introduction to research methodology and paradigms. RSU. School of Educatio... ... crystallized over timeEpistem dualist/objectivist; modified transactional/sub transactional/subolo... ...ansactional/sub transactional/subology findings true dualist/objectivist; jectivist; value- jectivist; created ...

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...ng: Hume’s Problems with Induction; A Short Critique of Kant’s Unreason; In Defense of Aristotle’s Laws of Thought; More Meditations; Zen Judaism; No to Sodom. Of these works, the first set of three constitutes the Logical Reflections, and the second set constitutes the Spiritual Reflections. ...

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...s arise 129 8. Geometrical logic 133 9. Addenda (2009-10) 138 Book 3. IN DEFENSE OF ARISTOTLE’S LAWS OF THOUGHT 141 1. Logicians have to introspect 142 2. The primacy of the laws of thought 146 3. The ontological status of the laws 151 4. Fuzzy logic 153 5. Misrepresentation of Aristotle 156 6. Not on the geometrical model 161 7. A p...

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...Reflections, includes:• Hume’s Problems with Induction, which is intended to describe and refute some of the main doubts and objections David Hume r... ...fute some of the main doubts and objections David Hume raised with regard to inductive reasoning. It replaces the so- called problem of induction wi... ... skepticism was based on errors of observation and reasoning, with regard to induction, causation, necessity, the self and freewill. These are here ... ... approach has a more subjectivist flavor than mine, and mine has a more objectivist flavor than his. Note, however, that in his later work Husse... ...the knowledge wealready have.34It does not follow from such non-skeptical, objectivist theory of knowledge that perception orconception can never be e... ...NDUCTION 53It is thus clear from our exposition that the introduction of the concept “grue” has changednothing whatsoever in the ind... ...sm of space and time) can still lead to correct views (like Einstein’smore objectivist relativity of observations to observers). Fanciful notions can ... ... (viz.Vedism) that preceded Buddhism was certainly idolatrous.287 In his Introduction.262 SPIRITUAL REFLECTIONSinterpret it, and w... ... to other forms of Buddhism is found in their reaction to the attempted introduction of the Ch’an (Zen) school from China during the eighth century...

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... 3. In conclusion Main references Diagrams Figure 1. Three types of continuity Figure 2. How momentary subjects and objects give rise to abstractions Figure 3. Visualizations of negation Figure 4. Matter, mind and spirit presented as three dimensions of existence ...

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...ve remainedmuch the same: many of Buddhism’s traditional doctrinesare open to sustained criticism from an objective, logical(both inductive and deduct... ...n different periods, might beplaced far apart. The goal, in such cases, is to avoidmonotony and to make the material readable. Normally,when a topic i... ...again, arguments are not needlesslyrepeated, but new arguments are brought to bear.The author’s motive in writing these critical essays hasnever been ... ...osedly the date of composition, though thetranslator, Juan Mascaro, in his Introduction, states “compiled” at thattime, thus seeming to imply an earli... ... They undeniably together form a specificphilosophy, a theory of logic, an epistemology andontology. The mere fact that we can (as here done) at allco... ...ely exists– it does not ‘appear’. Patanjali seems to agree with theimplied objectivist position, when he writes further on: “But the object is no... ... onto reality, whereas reality has in fact nosuch thing in it. In Buddhist epistemology, peopleordinarily use their mind conventionally (or under the ... ...(viz. Vedism)that preceded Buddhism was certainly idolatrous.150 In his Introduction.Chapter 15 273 came ... ...o other forms of Buddhism is found in their reaction to the attempted introduction of the Ch’an (Zen) school from China during the eigh...

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...define what may be termed ‘Logical Philosophy’, i.e. philosophical discourse distinguished by its steadfast reliance on inductive and deductive logic to resolve epistemological and ontological issues....

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...sedistinguished by its steadfast reliance on inductive and deductive logic to resolve epistemological andontological issues.Note that the works are pl... ................................................................... 19 3. To Be Or Not To Be ....................................................... ................................................... 103 4. Syllogism Adds to Knowledge.................................................................. .................................................................. 479 1. Introduction ................................................................. ...gy is the study of appearance as such. It is a branch of both Ontology and Epistemology,since appearing is being known.By an ‘appearance’ is meant any... ...d be coextensive. So our hypothesis of consciousness is inherently rather ‘objectivist.’Evidently, there is lots of reasoning behind such concepts and... ...notion first, and is then further structured and buttressedas a concept by introduction of the three dimensions.3.4 Clearly also, the concept of mem... ...ove-mentioned work20. What I want to stress here isthe significance of the introduction of propositions concerning change into formal logic.Our philos... ...ly exists – it doesnot ‘appear’. Patanjali seems to agree with the implied objectivist position, when he writes further on: “But the object is not...