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...ur theoretical exercise says a lot about the vigorousness and applicability of our theories – and a lot about the real world out there. The owner's... ...e lower classes and decks. Was this a morally right decision? For sure, it was not politically correct, in today's terms. Class and money distincti... ...ws from a few vantage points: philosophy, artificial intelligence and some systems theories. An immediate question springs to mind: HOW will a rob... ... impolite, or psychologically abusive? Or offending religious sensitivities, being politically incorrect - are these injuries? The bulk of human (a... ...eases and famine. The politicization of environmental concerns runs the gamut from political activism to eco-terrorism. The environmental movement ... ...mental organizations are out to perpetuate themselves, fight heresy and accumulate political clout and the money and perks that come with it. They ... ...asured'. Social scientists started quantitative measurement 30 years ago, and even political science turned to hard numbers 15 years ago. Yet look ... ...re often cloaked as reasoning and ratiocination. We feel that certain discoveries, theories, and works of art are the outcomes of our toil and rati... ...Dreams are no different: when we are in them we obey this or that logic; construct theories about our environment, events, and actors; and assume o...

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...his is my conclusion: according to the various theologies and metaphysical theories, in the beginning there was Nothingness on one side and God on th... ...oice”. This phrase refers to those who entrust themselves to those who have political power, placing all their aspirations and dreams in them. What d...

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... Romania of 1980’s. Why was the movement based on contradictions? Because we lived in that society a double life: an official one – propagated by the political system, and another one real. In mass-media it was promulgated that “our life is wonderful”, but in reality “our life was miserable”. The paradox flourishing! And then we took the creation in derision, in opposite s...

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... we lived in that society a double life: an official one – propagated by the political system, and another one real. In mass-media it was promulgate... ...nformations in science is an old problem not entirely solved by the existing theories of Dempster- Shaffer, Dubois-Prade, Smets, Yager, Zadeh (fuzzy ... ... second half of the 20 th century, several new and interesting mathematical theories have emerged in parallel with the development of computer scie... ... out that the artistic/literary ground is at least as important as the socio-political source of the movement. 186 DAN T ĂRCHIL Ă (România) P... ...s. Every doctrine can be questioned by reference to paradoxical antithetical theories. For example, monotheistic religionists maintain the existence...

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...hor A Abortion I. The Right to Life It is a fundamental principle of most moral theories that all human beings have a right to life. The existen... ... the surface." Aldous Leonard Huxley (1894-1963), British writer I. Overview of Theories of Anarchism Politics, in all its forms, has failed. Th... ...ully hand over the management of our daily lives and the setting of priorities to a political class or elite is thoroughly discredited. Politicians ... ...t closer to the right. Anarchism is an umbrella term covering disparate social and political theories - among them classic or cooperative anarchism... ...o the right. Anarchism is an umbrella term covering disparate social and political theories - among them classic or cooperative anarchism (postulat... ...n), and communitarian anarchism (Daniel Guerin). The narrow (and familiar) form of political anarchism springs from the belief that human communiti... ...diment of said subversion. The logical outcome is to call for the overthrow of all political systems, as Michael Bakunin suggested. Governments sho... ...involvement in the economy in his influential and exquisitely-timed "Principles of Political Economy", published in 1848. Undaunted by mounting evi... ...fellow humans (the only ones possessed of moral significance). These are called the theories of indirect moral obligations. Thus, it is wrong to tor...

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... lived in that society a double life: an official one - propagated by the political system, and another one real. In mass-media it was promulgated t... ...logic thus generalizes: - intuitionistic logic, which supports incomplete theories (for 0<n<100, 0<=t,i,f<=100); - fuzzy logic (for n=100 and i=0, a... ...t generalizes: 7 - the intuitionistic set, which supports incomplete set theories (for 0<n<100, 0<=t,i,f<=100); - the fuzzy set (for n=100 and i=0... ...fied as neutrality. K) Delimitation from Other Philosophical Concepts and Theories: 1. Neutrosophy is based not only on analysis of oppositional pro... ... have a catastrophe! P) Neutrosophic Studies and Interpretations of Known Theories, Modes, Views, Processes of Reason, Acts, Concepts in Philosophy.... ... today it will be raining or not. Because any attempt to change the political power ends up in embarking another power, "the revolution is imp... ...account they transform the church into a business and the religion into a political propaganda. "The contradictiousness is a component of indiv... ...s-media partially does this. Social disease, created by mass media's political manipulation: Give citizens the impression/disillusion they are ... ...ine a country or group of people or class to remain neuter in a military, political, ideological, cultural, artistic, scientific, economical, etc. in...

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... relate to the customs of Libya, showing a minute knowledge in regard to the political and religious customs of this land that he displays in regard ... ... oldest, we know from its distinct mention in connection with the foundation theories of Pyrrho, by Diogenes. [3] In treating of the subjective reas... ... ideas, desires, and reasoning originate, [8] but simply refers to the two theories of the Dogmatics, which claim on the one hand that it is in the... ...Tropes are empirical, and aim to furnish objective proofs of the foundation theories of Pyrrhonism, while the five are rather rules of thought leadin... ...ay as the appearance of images in a dark room. V. Most philosophers present theories of aetiology which agree with their own individual hypotheses a... ... by homoeomeriae like Anaxagoras, or by matter and form like Aristotle. VI. Theories are accepted which agree with individual hypotheses, and others ... ...ce. This basis of action was itself a death-blow to all reform in social or political life. It was a selfish, negative way of seeking what was, after...

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...An introduction to moral, political and economic philosophy. Twelve philosophers in each category are featured, their basic theories are examined and provide the basis for discussion....

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...rianism 82 Chapter 10 Kant and Schopenhauer: Idealism and Pessimism 90 Chapter 11 Nietzsche and Sartre: Naturalism and Existentialism 99 PART 3 Political Theory: The Relationship of Man and the State Chapter 12 Introduction to Political Theory 111 Chapter 13 Law: Understanding the Rule o f Reason 119 Chapter 14 Problems o f Government: Five Great Issues 127 Ch...

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...ther. Here is another example. Let’s take it from politics. In a while a political campaign will begin. Imagine what the life of a politician is li... ... fruit of hypotheses and of research that confirms these hypotheses, or of theories built upon constant observations. 67 We must use this same app... ... fruit of hypotheses and of research that confirms these hypotheses, or of theories built upon constant observations. What does this mean? When E... ...s, of research to confirm hypotheses or of constant observations on which theories are developed. The first scientist who worked in this manner ... ...finite patience; he observed and observed and he then started building his theories on what he had observed. Many of his theories were very important... ...l to millions of miserable people who didn’t have one. He fought for their political, as well as their human, dignity. Gandhi was very political b... ...re rich and powerful. - Truth that unifies and does not create religious, political, relationship or family warfare. - Truth that unifies instead ... ...geared towards obtaining and developing the freedom of others, both on the political and the spiritual levels. His freedom was always connected to ... ...ll as correct or convincing. Often when scientists must choose between two theories, they will choose the one that contains beauty, and leave out th...

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...eat scientists, inventors, playwrights, sports figures, business tycoons, political leaders and all others viewed as special are no more special tha... ...books and gave lectures and THE POWER IN YOU 106 workshops, sharing his theories with people around the world. He did all of this after reversing ...

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...f Measurement VI. The Quantum of Continuity VII. Quantum Mechanics and Superstring Theories SPE C U L A T I O NS I. Psychophysics ... ...Theodicy: The Problem of Evil IV. Miracles, Wonders, Signs V. Appendix: Scientific Theories The Author PHYSICS Time A... ...chophysics Negentropic Agents and the Increase of Entropy Superstring and Membrane Theories Return Negentropic Agents and the Increase of Entropy... ...d the convergence is precisely where concepts of order and disorder emerge. String theories, for instance, come in numerous versions which describe... ...stitions are less concerned with the physical Universe and more with human affairs. Political falsities - such as anti-Semitism - supplanted magic ... ...erology, or other esoteric "systems". The emergence of "relative", New Age, and politically correct philosophies rendered science merely one opt... ...ew theory is invented. Incorporation is the sworn enemy of parsimony because it is politically motivated. It keeps everyone happy by not giving up ... ...rate with the powers that be: with the industrial base, the military complex, the political elite, the intellectual cliques in vogue. Institutiona... ...elds of finance and economics, and numerous articles dealing with geopolitical and political economic issues published in both print and Web period...

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...stein said, in connection with the validity of a new hypothesis: < Of all theories, the one that meets the criterion of ″internal perfection and ex... ...the evolution of the MESER concept can be identified in the philosophical theories worked out in time. The first and the most resolute assertion on t... ... gravitation, one of the most plausible, and at the same time most modern theories would be that gravitation is the consequence of a continuous and ... ...ossible, closely connected domains of definition. From among all involved theories for substantiating the thesis on time irreversibility, the one th... ...e between the theory of universal expansion and its contrary, though both theories are evolutionary; the former has an eschatological-apocalyptical ... ...tics in the name of God, forced conversion, based on lies and crimes, for political purposes, etc. The belief that good and evil appear in the world... ... establish an exaggerated religiosity based on fear and terror, used as a political instrument for domination and bloody fights against the rational...

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Excerpt: A Theologico-Political Treatise: Part Four -- Chapters XVI to XX by Baruch Spinoza, translated by R.H.M. Elwes.

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...Political Treatise Part 4 – Chapters XVI to XX Baruch Spinoza A Theologico-Political Treatise Part 4 – Chapters XVI to XX TRANSLATED BY R. H. M. ELWES... ... ELWES A PENN S TAT E ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION A Theologico-Political Treatise: Part Four – Chapters XVI to XX by Baruch Spinoza, trans... ...nt or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. A Theologico-Political Treatise: Part Four – Chapters XVI to XX by Baruch Spinoza, trans... ...ate University is an equal opportunity university. 3 Spinoza A Theologico-Political Treatise Part IV of IV – Chapters XVI to XX by Baruch Spinoza CHA... ...ur to preserve itself as it is, without regard to anything 4 A Theologico-Political Treatise – Part Four but itself ; therefore this sovereign law an... ... judgment, as from the deeds which they involve; for he who maintains such theories abrogates the contract which tacitly, or openly, he made with his ...

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...Contents ON CHRISTIANITY, AS AN ORGAN OF POLITICAL MOVEMENT..................................4 PROTESTANTISM............................................................................................................... 39 ON THE SUPPOSED SCRIPTURAL EXPRESSION FOR E...

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...IANITY Y Y Y Y, AS AN OR , AS AN OR , AS AN OR , AS AN OR , AS AN ORGAN OF POLITICAL MO GAN OF POLITICAL MO GAN OF POLITICAL MO GAN OF POLITICAL MO GA... ...ICAL MO GAN OF POLITICAL MO GAN OF POLITICAL MO GAN OF POLITICAL MO GAN OF POLITICAL MOVEMENT VEMENT VEMENT VEMENT VEMENT................................ ...S AN OR , AS AN OR , AS AN OR , AS AN ORGAN OF GAN OF GAN OF GAN OF GAN OF POLITICAL MO POLITICAL MO POLITICAL MO POLITICAL MO POLITICAL MOVEMENT VEME... ...than the growth of a forest, are the footsteps of Christianity amongst the political workings of man. Nothing, that the heart of man values, is so sec... ... some one or two of its differential elements, could have been an organ of political movement. Most divines who anywhere glance at this question, are ... ...e for what purpose was the religion? This I pronounce error. All the moral theories of antiquity were utterly disjoined from religion. But this fallac... ...losophy, all the primary facts of history become liable continually to new theories, to new combinations, and to new valuations of their moral relatio... ... the local circumstances in each separate case. Now, amongst the political theories of the Bible is this— that pauperism is not an accident in the con...

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...lf. Both deal with one and the same subject. This subject is what Aristotle calls in one place the ?philosophy of human affairs;? but more frequently Political or Social Science. In the two works taken together we have their author?s whole theory of human conduct or practical activity, that is, of all human activity which is not directed merely to knowledge or truth. The t...

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... calls in one place the “philosophy of human affairs;” but more frequently Political or Social Science. In the two works taken together we have their ... ... and the Politics with a second, both fall- ing within the wide compass of Political Science. Each of these groups falls into sub-groups which roughly... ...ther. The distinction is not that the one treats of Moral and the other of Political Philosophy, nor again that the one deals with the moral activity ... ... vidual, but has always thought of him, or we might say, in his social and political context, with a given nature due to race and heredity and in cert... ..., good. For this it is necessary to bring into play the great force of the Political Community or State, of which the main instrument is Law. Hence ar... ...d the matter sufficiently when the difficulties have been solved, and such theories as are most approved are left as a residuum. The chief points may ... ...culties raised are pretty near such as I have described them, and of these theories we must remove some and leave others as established; because the s... ...ake, and is careless of his own interest. [Sidenote: 1168b] But with these theories facts are at vari- ance, and not unnaturally: for it is commonly s... ...low, both having plausibility on their side. Per- haps then, in respect of theories of this kind, the proper course is to distinguish and define how f...

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...ndition is that which adults recognize as the most miserable and dangerous politically possible for themselves: namely, the condition of slavery. For ... ...not save children from the slavery that denial of rights involves in adult political relations. It some- times intensifies it, sometimes mitigates it;... ... children and parents confront one another as two classes in which all the political power is on one side; and the results are not at all unlike what ... ...e and the other simple. Not that Nature counts for nothing in the case and political rights for everything. But a denial of political rights, and the ... ...scertain what the real natural relations of the two classes are until this political relation is abolished. 8 A Treatise on Parents and Children What... ...t of the question, and its existence accepted as necessary and sacred, all theories to the contrary notwith- standing, whether by Calvin or Schopenhau...

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...................................................................... 60 THE POLITICAL AND BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIONS TO INEQUALITY ............................ ... and the specific doctrine of Jesus has not in all that time been put into political or general social practice. I am no more a Christian than Pilate ... ...ht be, by people with no knowledge of government and no power to construct political machin- ery to carry out their views, acting on the very dangerou... ...at Jesus died, as some are in the habit of declar- ing, for his social and political opinions. There have been many martyrs to those opinions; but he ... ...ention which cost them dear when the Christians got the upper hand of them politically. The Jew as Jesus, himself a Jew, knew him, never dreamt of suc... ...agmati- cally true: it worked. But the weakness of Pragmatism is that most theories will work if you put your back into making them work, provided the...

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...m the very earliest period when I had formed any opinions at all on social political matters, and which, instead of being weakened or modified, has be... ... its supporters) a thing de sirable chiefly in the abstract, or, like the political ends usually contended for by factions, of little private im por... ... for seeking his favour and avoiding to give him offence. In struggles for political emancipation, ev erybody knows how often its champions are bough... ...tain the same doctrine, with all the fanaticism with which men ding to the theories that justify their passions and legitimate their personal in tere... ...suggested to Plato, among many other of his doctrines, t of the social and political equal ity of the two sexes. But, it will be said, the rule of me... ...nised and managed by women, for the more limited object of ob taining the political franchise. Nor is it only in our own country and in America that ... ...Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill 68 outward facts oppose to their theories, but lose sight of the legitimate purpose of speculation altogethe...

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...d; (2) Because the wisest and best Athenian citizens do not teach their sons political virtue. Will Protagoras answer these objections? Protagoras exp... ... and not between skilled and unskilled politicians. (1) For all men have the political virtues to a certain de gree, and are obliged to say that they... ...t a madman if he did not profess a virtue which he had not. (2) And that the political virtues can be taught and acquired, in the opinion of the Athen... ... given by Prometheus (who stole them), whereas justice and reverence and the political virtues could only be imparted by Zeus; (8) in the latter part ... ...bian. The whole may also be considered as a satire on those who spin pompous theories out of noth ing. As in the arguments of the Euthydemus and of t... ...goras is consistently presented to us throughout as the teacher of moral and political virtue; there is no allusion to the theories of sensation which... ...ut as the teacher of moral and political virtue; there is no allusion to the theories of sensation which are at tributed to him in the Theaetetus and...

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...e and preoccupied myself with religion, but it did not adjust itself to my theories and so I broke with it. Without it I was able to live quite conten... ... yet rising again and again with inextinguishable reiteration; appeals for political freedom, for constitutional government, for better sys tems and ... ...ya Polyana, gave additional strength to Tolstoy’s conviction that in these theories lay the elements essential to the trans formation and rejuvenatio... ... But to in oculate the landed proprietors of Russia as a class with those theories was a task which even his genius could not hope to accomplish. He ... ... be constantly borne in mind. He attained a splendid fulfilment of his own theories, em ploying the moujik’s expressive vernacular in portraying his ... ...s transferred back to the common cell, his private cell being needed for a political prisoner who had been just sent to prison. V IN THE MEANTIME M ... ...ni versity. I don’t know whether it was a good thing or no, but we had no political clubs, no theories in our uni versities then. We were simply you... ...Times, to which his host subscribed. While he was scanning at his ease the political news, the Tsar’s doings, the doings of President, and ministers a... ...s of lawyers has passed a resolution in favor of capital punishment. Their political enemy, N. P., reads a liberal paper, and cannot understand the bl...

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..., who had inherited the problem? I had long ago thrown aside illusions and theories, and was will- ing to meet the facts face to face, and to do whate... ...ashington’s work. The literature of the Negro in America is colossal, from political oratory through abolitionism to “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and “Cotton i... ...Their objects, in the main, were to crush out the 55 Booker T. Washington political aspirations of the Negroes, but they did not con- fine themselves... ...Negro would be the one to suffer for this in the end. Besides, the general political agitation drew the attention of our people away from the more fun... ...s- tries at their doors and in securing property. The temptations to enter political life were so alluring that I came very near yielding to them at o... ...hern whites have a feeling that, if the Negro is permitted to exercise his political rights now to any degree, the mistakes of the Reconstruction peri...