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...5 1 Smarandache Loops W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, Indi... ...n, France. Professor C. Corduneanu, Texas State University, Department of Mathematics, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA. Copyright 2002 by Ameri... ...ay L n (m) does not satisfy S-Sylow criteria? We have several examples in support of this. 84 Example 3.8.10: Let L = L 9 (2) × S 3 . L is S-... ...2002). http://lanl.arxiv.org/pdf/math.GR/0205141 (Submitted to Results in Mathematics) 12. Chein. O and Goodaire.E.D, Loops whose loop rings in ch... ...flugfelder.H.O, Quasigroups and loops: Introduction, Sigma Series in Pure Mathematics, Vol. 7, Heldermann Verlag, (1990). 51. Phillips.J.D, On Mou...
...F. D. da Motta in a recent paper, [33] proposes the Smarandache Hypothesis, supported by recent theoretical and experimental findings, as a general ... ...vels? 26 The finding of cubic symmetry in the noble element progression supports the primary hypothesis of charge projection. Thus, a line drawn... ...GDT: B ≈ A → S (1.2) It is proposed that a sufficient body of supporting evidence has been presented in Sections 2-5 of this paper to ... ...presented at Second International Conference on Smarandache Type Notions In Mathematics and Quantum Physics, December 21 - 24, 2000 University of Cr... ...presented at Second International Conference on Smarandache Type Notions In Mathematics and Quantum Physics, December 21 - 24, 2000, University of C...
...ral Tamil Nadu in India W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, ... ...n web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Gallup, NM 87301, USA e-mail: s... ...e is infected, she is chased out of the home. In many cases she has no one to support her. Being in her early forties she has no parents or her rela... ...ffective prevention programs for these women, without putting in place social supports, such as means of independent living and health care. 10 ... ...s skilled training of both men and women for mutual negotiation. Unless these support systems are in place, women in relationship with HIV- infected... ...e deserted by their family members. Still we cannot say that there are strong supportive groups for these rural uneducated poor HIV/AIDS infected wo... ...hospital. None of them had any help from any of the women’s organizations or support groups. The advent of the disease 12 about which they were t... ... varies from women to women we are forced to analyze the problem using fuzzy mathematics. This chapter has two sections. In the first section we in... ...roduction of learning as encoding. We avoid all types of high and complicated mathematics. As our study is a psychological one, we give more import...
...e must first overcome the authoritarianism of philosophy, which inevitably supports the authoritarianism of theology. Such purification is necessary... ...ould not keep on existing if the necessary being, God, should withdraw his support from the universe. Instead, artists can die. They die when their... ..., he started out from a hypothesis. He worked around this hypothesis using mathematics. Einstein could not offer experimental proof of his hypothesi... ...e must first overcome the authoritarianism of philosophy, which inevitably supports the authoritarianism of theology. Such purification is necessary... ...ould not keep on existing if the necessary being, God, should withdraw his support from the universe. It is easy to make this concept clear. Here... ...dom that allows us to freely choose to do evil or not. This affirmation is supported by the following argument: 163 The fact that human beings ex...
...amaica. In a sudden conversion, he published the Jamaica Letter (1815) in which he supported a model of government akin to the British parliamentar... ...States exports in 1860. Southerners, dependent on industrial imports as they were, supported free trade. Northerners were vehement trade protection... ... to blacks. For instance, a white mob lynched, in September 1862, forty four Union supporters in Gainesville, Texas. Similar events took place in S... .... The Elizabethan corset - as opposed to the Victorian one - was comfortable and supported the back. It evolved in Tudor times from the kirtle, s... ...f Violent Crime (NCAVC) Its mission is to combine investigative and operational support functions, research, and training in order to provide as... ...NEP.htm l Newton, Isaac Isaac Newton (1642-1727), the father of modern physics and mathematics, was an avowed and dedicated alchemist, mystic, theo... ...intellectuals, the lingua franca, akin to English today. Nor was he acquainted with mathematics until he was 30. Leonardo was born out of wedloc...
...; - intelligible unintelligible language; - unsolved and open problems of mathematics like very nise poems of the spirit – we must scientificize th... ...] Weisstein, Eric W., Smarandache Paradox, în “CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics”, RC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 1661, 1998. 20 iunie 20... ...ish, of curiosity, of incitement. What do you think about the paradoxes in mathematics and physics called <exact>. The paradoxist texts have a mean... ...e Antologia Paradoxist ă II, în revista (aten ţie la titlu!): “Humanistics Mathematics Network” (California). Dar şi invers: lirica în mate (nu stri... ...hbacher, redactor principal la revista american ă “Journal of Recreational Mathematics”), Italia (Dr. Felice Russo), Bulgaria (Krassimir Atanassov, ... ...s, Austin (1999) şi Los Alamos National Laboratory (Educational Networking Support Program, Gallup (1999). Activitate: A participat la olimpiade ş...
...rative, the movie says, people act immorally. (IN)famous psychological experiments support this assertion. Students were led to administer what the... ...ished independently (as is often the case in science) the basics of a new branch in Mathematics (and logic): computability or recursive functions (l... ... order to be effectively calculable. This is (as Post noted) a "working hypothesis" supported by overwhelming evidence. We don't know of any effecti... ...ich sense would one exist in such "reduced" circumstances? Wouldn't then the brain- support apparatus constitute the full equivalent of one's erstwh... ...quivocal information likely to end soon. Even the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, supported by numerous development agencies and environmental gro... ...possess the same sense organs that we do (eyes) and may not be acquainted with our mathematics and geometry. Reality can be successfully described ...
...s fifteen, Helen could speak French, Spanish and Portuguese fluently. Her interest in science and mathematics had encouraged Dr. Forsythe to foster ... ...wo sons, Prince Hassan, the Heir Apparent and Prince Ali. Hassan’s mother is dead, but he has the support of the old Begum, the Nawab’s mother. Ali’... ...death, partly because that is what Maria had wished and partly because Isabel needed the money to support her feckless brother. Helen knew now that ... ...gum rose and left the chamber, her back straight and haughty, almost as if she had no need of the support of a stick, or her maidservant’s arm. Hel... ...n and if Mrs. Llewellyn, as a good Catholic, wishes her priest to bless our home, then she has my support. ‘Please leave us, I wish to speak to Fath... ...s duty before everything else? He is in mortal danger if the Nawab is persuaded by the rebels to support them. Oh, Rosita, I love him so much and we...
...ator. Religions, however, are combinations of rituals designed by hu- mans to support them in their earthly existence. Specifically, it is the “opiu... ...a person actually acquires knowledge. You might say that it involves a lot of mathematics and dry rules. It has nothing to do with psychology or oth... ... the Creator, whether it’s the Psalms, Agadot, Tanya, the literal Torah, even mathematics and physics, our daily life routine or even Buddhism. Ever... ...r judgment. Why would we do this? Because the goal necessitates it. The facts support our opinion, and we accept our friend’s opinion against our co... ...f charms in his writings because they provide nothing more than psychological support. If I see that a certain object will save a person who comes to... ...! Man would like to discover something in the universe because he needs it as support. How- ever, besides us, there is only the Creator! Q: I am a UF... ...he full sense of the word: physically – to become a part of the body, to be a supporting organ – and spiritually – to try to think, experience, and ...
...eading some articles and problems published in the Journal of Recreational Mathematics. From then on I discovered the interesting American Research P... ...tions at: the Arizona State University (Tempe, USA), Archives of American Mathematics (University of Texas at Austin, USA), University of Craiova Lib... ... fascinating and is halfway between the number theory and the recreational mathematics. Even though sometime this universe has a very simple structur... ...antine equation Zt(n+1)=Zt(n). Experimental data support this conjecture. Infact the behaviour of n d (see problem 4 for de... ...rhus Univ. Press, 1996 [3] E. Weisstein, CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics, CRC Press, 1999 [4] F. Smarandache, "Only Problems, not Soluti... ...e Notions Journal, Nov. 1999 [5] E. Weisstein, CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics, CRC Press, 1999 [6] N. Sloane, Encyclopedia of Integer sequenc... ... very easy to find a prime q such that n+q is a prime. This heuristic well support the Smarandache-Goldbach conjecture. 4.2 Second Smarandache-Goldb... ... and the triangles. Anyway the average behaviour of W(n) function seems to support the validity of Smarandache conjecture. Wrongness of n vs n 0 100 2... ... 2 10 , 2 10 and 3 10 and so on. Once again the experimental data well support the Smarandache conjecture because the density of the weak wrong nu...
...I have met the Smarandache's world for the first time about one year ago reading some articles and problems published in the Journal of Recreational Mathematics. From then on I discovered the interesting American Research Press web site dedicated to the Smarandache notions and held by Dr. Perez (address: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/), the Smarandache Notions Jo...
... 3 Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the continued support, guidance and inspiration from his supervisor Dr. Kuldeep Kumar, A... ...s of Information Technology and Business, Bond University for financially supporting him with a generous postgraduate fellowship, without which it w... ... primarily one of building intuitive logic based on behavioral reasoning, supported in most parts by rigorous mathematical exposition or numerical s... ...els, our approach is predominantly numerate and substantiated by rigorous mathematics rather than being merely normative or speculative. The... ...[0, 1] may be defined associated with a given body of evidence B that can support paradoxical information as follows: ... ... While countless research papers have been written and published on the mathematics of option pricing formulation, surprisingly little work has be... .... Numerical Methods and Software. Prentice-Hall Series in Computational Mathematics, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1989. Khoshnevisan, M., S. Bhatt... ...78. Lyuu, Yuh-Dauh. Financial Engineering and Computation – Principles, Mathematics, Algorithms. Cambridge University Press, U.K., 2002. Mark... ...J. The coding of messages subject to chance errors. Illinois Journal of Mathematics 1, 1957: 591-606. Zadeh, L. A. A Theory of Approximate Reaso...
... Smarandache Manifolds Howard Iseri Associate Professor of Mathematics Department of Mathematics and Computer Information Sci... ...g is must include an understanding of what it is not. In his paper, “Paradoxist Mathematics” [19], Florentin Smarandache proposed a number of ways i... ...herine D’Ortona. Prof. Marsh was the teacher most responsible for my turning to mathematics, and Prof. Hass, my thesis advisor, introduced me to the... ... me to the real world of geometry and topology. Virtually all of my thinking in mathematics can be traced back in some way to these two 8 mathema... ...l work published n.d.) 10. Eves, H. (1990). An Introduction to the History of Mathematics (6 th ed.). Orlando FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1... ...udy non-uniformity, so we require it in a very general way. A manifold that supports a such geometry is called Smarandache manifold (or s-manif...
...A complete understanding of what something is must include an understanding of what it is not. In his paper, “Paradoxist Mathematics” [19], Florentin Smarandache proposed a number of ways in which we could explore “new math concepts and theories, especially if they run counter to the classical ones.” In a manner consistent with his unique point...
...ress Rehoboth, NM 2005 Linfan MAO Institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and Systems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080, P.R.Chi... ...lib.umi.com/bod/search/basic Peer Reviewers: F.Tian and X.D.Hu, Academy of Mathematics and Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R.C... ...ces, Beijing 100080, P.R.China. Y.P.Liu and R.X.Hao, Department of Applied Mathematics, Beijing Jiaotong Uni- versity, Beijing 100044, P.R.China. S.Bh... ... S.Bhattacharya, Alaska Pacific University, AK, USA. H.Iseri, Department of Mathematics and Computer Information Science, Mansfield University, Mansfield... ...n a surface. As a linking of combinatorial configuration with the classical mathematics, it fascinates more and more mathematician’s interesting. Its f... ...es in 2005. Many colleagues and friends of mine have given me enthusiastic support and endless helps in preparing this book. Without their helps, this...
...A combinatorial map is a connected topological graph cellularly embedded in a surface. As a linking of combinatorial configuration with the classical mathematics, it fascinates more and more mathematician’s interesting. Its function and role in mathematics are widely accepted by mathematicians today. On the last century, many works are concentrated on the combinatorial pro...
...E FUZZY AND NEUTROSOPHIC MODELS W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, ... ....in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Gallup, NM 87301, USA e-mail: s... ...urers and the third set of attributes associated with the public awareness in support of child labour. We just wish to state that when we say peo... ... child labour. We just wish to state that when we say people / public who support child labour we mean people who use children as domestic serva... ...s, drink or smoke etc. P – Attributes associated with public awareness in support of child labour P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 and P 5 . P 1 – Ch... ...ered many times since it may quite properly be regarded as an area of applied mathematics. The 152 subject finds its place in the work of Euler. S... ...en organization ever take up this issue. P 5 – As they have no money and no support they cannot take any proper treatment. Now relating these t... ...de, Masters Dissertation, Guide: Dr. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, March 2000. 6.... ...lsson, C. Cognitive Maps and Hyper-knowledge: A Blueprint for Active Decision Support Systems. In Cognitive Maps and Strategic Thinking, Carlsson, C...
.... They have been inspired by questions raised in recent articles in current Mathematics journals and in Florentin Smarandache’s wellknown publicatio... ...into focus. Finally I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Minh Perez for his support for this book. Last but not least I thank my dear wife Anne-Mari... ...re are infinitely many numbers n which generate the invariant 20 (I 3 ). Support: Although the statistics shown in table 4 only skims the surface ... ...t I hope to have contributed some light reading in the area of recreational mathematics. References: 1. H. Ibstedt, Surfing on the Ocean of N... ...ired by questions asked by Charles Ashbacher in the Journal of Recreational Mathematics, vol. 29.2. It concerns the Smarandache Deconstructive Seque... ...cerning the Smarandache Deconstructive Sequence, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol 29, Number 2 – 1998, Baywood Publishing Company,Inc. ...
...election of papers most of which were produced during the period 1999-2002. They have been inspired by questions raised in recent articles in current Mathematics journals and in Florentin Smarandache’s wellknown publication Only Problems, Not Solutions. All topics are independent of one another and can be read separately. Findings are illustrated with diagrams and tables. ...
... Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Models W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, In... ...n web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Gallup, NM 87301, USA e-mail: sma... ...mia Technica Militaria, Bucharest, Romania. Dr. B.S. Kirangi, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India... ...d many times, since it may quite properly be regarded as an area of applied mathematics. Euler (1707-1782) became the father of graph theory. In 18... ... help to politicians, and their victory/defeat depends on their (financial) support so the causes for politicians ignoring child labor is two-fold. ... ... laborers and 120 P – attributes associated with public awareness and support of child labor. G – Concepts associated with government po... ...st out the attributes / concepts associated with public awareness or public supporting or exploiting the existence of child labor – P: P 1 - C... ...c. The neutrosophic directed graph relating the child labor and the public supporting child labor is given in Figure 3.7.19. The correspondin... ...Siraj, A., S.M. Bridges, and R.B. Vaughn. Fuzzy cognitive maps for decision support in an intelligent intrusion detection systems, www.cs.msstate.e...
...AND NEUTROSOPHIC RELATIONAL MAPS W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036... ...ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Gallup, NM 87301, USA e-mail:... ...cademia Technica Militaria, Bucharest, Romania. Dr. B.S. Kirangi, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Mysore, Karnataka, I... ...w, young, not-so-influential, revolutionary scientists and mathematicians who support the newer paradigm shift HI 7 Preface Th... ... (R, A) such that U (R, A) (x) > 0 and R (x, y) > 0 for all elements y in the support of U (R, A). Several other concepts of crisp orderings easil... ...uzzification is to select an element with the largest membership value from the support set. Since the defuzzification process is the last step in o... ... p p R M M x x x ∧ ∧ µ α µ = µ + (10) In this subsection we assume that the support set has finite elements and the number of pairs (the number ... ...possesses monotonicity. After a while we will find simulation results 101 support such a conclusion that if Eq. (3) has a solution at least the... ...al, and thus one defines the neutrosophic set. One gives 227 examples from mathematics, physics, philosophy, and applications of the neutrosoph...
...ies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESSINPHYSICS A quarterly issue scientifc journal, register... ...lborissova@yahoo.com Stephen J. Crothers thenarmis@yahoo.com Department of Mathematics, University of New Mexico, 200 College Road, Gallup, NM 87301, ... ...ies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, ... ...asi-Paradoxes and Quantum Sorites Paradoxes Florentin Smarandache Dept. of Mathematics, University of New Mexico, 200 College Road, Gallup, NM 87301, ... ... a quasi-paradox as a statement which has a prima facie self-contradictory support or an explicit contradiction, but which is not completely proven as... ...ntly absurd or self-contradictory statement for which there is prima facie support, or an explicit contradiction derived from apparently unexceptionab... ... A quasi-paradox is a statement which has a prima facia self-contradictory support or an explicit contradiction, but which is not completely proven as... ... c 4 . (41) This justifes the relativistic factor 2 in equation (40) and supports the interpretation of Q R in terms of a potential, at least at the... ...ments We are indebted to M. Bowers and C. Handy at the CTSPS (Atlanta) for support. The work of M. P. has been supported by the Ministry of Education,...
...Progress in Physics has been created for publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, containing a brief review of a problem and obtained results. All submissions should be designed in LATEX format using Progress in Physics template. Th...
...According to the Dictionary of Mathematics (Borowski and Borwein, 1991 [1]), the paradox is “an apparently absurd or self-contradictory statement for which there is prima facie support, or an explicit contradiction derived from apparently unexceptionable p...
...e Light Barrier by A.D. 2070 Homer B. Tilton Department of Mathematics and Engineering Pima Community College, EC, USA Florentin... ... Pima Community College, EC, USA Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics and Sciences The University of New Mexico at Gallup, USA ... ... the grand experiment that Homer proposes is only a theoretical one and I support his right to consider it. Insofar as "reality" is concerned I cla... ...ed of light, the observer loses sight of it anyway, and even relativistic mathematics is unable to penetrate beyond that point. The application of ... ...to penetrate beyond that point. The application of sublight relativistic mathematics beyond that speed is clearly idealistic and virtual. It is si... ...of physics NS at PCC: Light as a limit was not Einstein's opinion; it's as supported as gravity... Perhaps you should consult with a physicist... . (... ..."The answer is no." Then they present perhaps their strongest argument in support of that answer at the bottom of page 81: "At the speed of light, al... ...r opponents argue about relativity theory." Later in life, it is said, he supported it. Very late in life Einstein made an astounding admission: ... ... SS Alpha requires a crew of but 12. The smaller the crew, the less life support capacity is needed, and the greater the acceleration because of th...