....1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47... ... Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–... ...(1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) ... ...MS 215 7.1 First Arrivals in California 215 7.2 The 9/11 Pilots in the United States 223 7.3 Assembling the Teams 231 7.4 Final Strategies and... ...5 7.1 First Arrivals in California 215 7.2 The 9/11 Pilots in the United States 223 7.3 Assembling the Teams 231 7.4 Final Strategies and Tactic... ... of Effort in the Congress 419 13.5 Organizing America’s Defenses in the United States 423 Appendix A: Common Abbreviations 429 Appendix B:Table o... ...ort in the Congress 419 13.5 Organizing America’s Defenses in the United States 423 Appendix A: Common Abbreviations 429 Appendix B:Table of Names... ...ain? To answer these questions, the Congress and the President created the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (Public Law... ... the institutions charged with protecting our borders, civil aviation, and national security did not understand how grave this threat could be, and di...

...Excerpt: We present the narrative of this report and the recommendations that flow from it to the President of the United States, the United States Congress, and the American people for their consideration. Ten Commissioners--five Republicans and five Democrats chosen by elected leaders from our nation?s capital at a time of great partisa...

...s ix Member List xi Staff List xiii?xiv Preface xv 1. ?WE HAVE SOME PLANES? 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin?s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988?1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organiza...

..................................... 164 CHAPTER IX: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES ................................................................ .............................. 164 CHAPTER IX: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES ....................................................................... ......................... 226 CHAPTER XI: THE LA W COURTS AND LA WYERS OF THE UNITED STATES ........................................... 242 CHAPTER XII: ... .................. 226 CHAPTER XI: THE LA W COURTS AND LA WYERS OF THE UNITED STATES ........................................... 242 CHAPTER XII: THE FIN... ...afe from invasion; and, thirdly, that it might be central alike to all the States. It was presumed, when Washington was founded, that these three adva... ...he only city of the Union that has been in an enemy’s possession since the United States became a nation. In the war of 1812 it fell into our hands, a... ...n remained in force; but that con- federation was an acknowledged failure. National great- ness could not be achieved under it, and individual enter- ... ...e the States, at the cost of some fond wishes, agreed to seek together for national power rather than run the risks entailed upon separate existence. ... ...ion claimed by the South for this movement is a misnomer. If any part of a nationality or empire ever rebelled against the government established on b...

................................................................................................................ 164 CHAPTER IX: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES .................................................................... 185 CHAPTER X: THE GOVERNMENT ...................................................................................................................

...vy,” approved 21st of December, 1861, provides: “That the President of the United States by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall have ... ...proved 21st of December, 1861, provides: “That the President of the United States by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall have the aut... ...nd such officers may, if upon the recommendation of the Presi- dent of the United States they shall receive a vote of thanks of Congress for their ser... ... officers may, if upon the recommendation of the Presi- dent of the United States they shall receive a vote of thanks of Congress for their services a... ...’S ORDER OF MILITARY EMANCIPA- TION, MAY 19, 1862. BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A Proclamation Whereas there appears in the publi... ...R OF MILITARY EMANCIPA- TION, MAY 19, 1862. BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A Proclamation Whereas there appears in the public print... ...ially attained. During the ex- isting war it is peculiarly the duty of the National Government to secure to the people a sound circulating medium. Thi... ...shall operate in such manner as, while protecting western Virginia and the national capital from dan- ger or insult, it shall in the speediest manner ... ...HE SEVERAL STATES: The capture of New Orleans, Norfolk, and Corinth by the national forces has enabled the insurgents to concentrate a large force at ...

...: The third section of the ?Act further to promote the efficiency of the Navy,? approved 21st of December, 1861, provides: ?That the President of the United States by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall have the authority to detail from the retired list of the navy for the command of squadrons and single ships such officers as he may believe that the good ...

...e eleven years that separated the Declaration of the In- dependence of the United States from the completion of that act in the ordination of our writ... ...n years that separated the Declaration of the In- dependence of the United States from the completion of that act in the ordination of our written Con... ...on, all of whom were young men, in building upon the Inde- pendence of the United States that wisest and best plan of general government that was ever... ... of whom were young men, in building upon the Inde- pendence of the United States that wisest and best plan of general government that was ever devise... ... lived less than fifty years under our Constitution. In that time no great national commotion had occurred that tested its strength, or its power of r... ...oroughly desperate. Had De Tocqueville lived to examine the history of the United States from 1860 to 1870, his misgivings as to this power of self- p... ...y desperate. Had De Tocqueville lived to examine the history of the United States from 1860 to 1870, his misgivings as to this power of self- preserva... ...ic then subdued to settle- ment, studying the methods of local, State, and national ad- ministration, and observing the manners and habits, the daily ... ...revolution throughout the whole of Christendom. The various occurrences of national existence have every- where turned to the advantage of democracy; ...

...Excerpt: In the eleven years that separated the Declaration of the Independence of the United States from the completion of that act in the ordination of our written Constitution, the great minds of America were bent upon the study of the principles of government that were essential to the preservation of the l...

...THE HOUSE. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that, before the first meet... ...SE. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that, before the first meeting of ... ...show that they were regularly elected in accordance with the laws of their States respec- tively, or the laws of the United States. Approved March 3, ... ...ccordance with the laws of their States respec- tively, or the laws of the United States. Approved March 3, 1863. 7 The Writings of Abraham Lincoln: ... ... proper ones. Iowa, having an entire Union delegation, will be one of the States the attempt will be made, if upon any. The Gover- nor doubtless has... ...uant to the comity deemed to be due to friendly powers, any tobacco in the United States belonging to the government either of France, Austria, or any... ...dis- lodged from that important position; and esteeming this to be of high national consequence, I recommend that all loyal people do, on receipt of t... ...ial homage and gratitude to Almighty God for this great advancement of the national cause. A. LINCOLN. PROCLAMA TION OF AMNESTY AND RECON- STRUCTION D... ...s a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not be objected to by the National Executive. And it is suggested as not improper that in constructin...

... Coblentz, refusal to return. ASSEMBLIES, Primary and Secondary. ASSEMBLY, National, Third Estate becomes, to be extruded, stands grouped in the rain,... ... cannon pointed at, regrets Necker, after Bastille. ASSEMBLY, Constituent, National, becomes, pedantic, Irregu- lar Verbs, what it can do, Night of Pe... ...ILLE, involuntary epigram of. BAILLY, Astronomer, account of, President of National Assem- 5 Index bly, Mayor of Paris, receives Louis in Paris, and ... ...t La Cabarus’s. BEAUMARCHAIS, Caron, his lawsuit, his ‘Mariage de Figaro,’ commissions arms from Holland, his distress. BEAUMONT, Archbishop, notice o... ...’ account of, Finance Minister, ar- rested, suicide of. CLERGY, French, in States-General, conciliators of orders, joins Third Estate, lands, national... ...lties of, commences governing, and Notables, holds Royal Session, receives States-General Deputies, in States- General procession, speech to States-Ge... ...inance, account of, dismissed, refuses Brienne, recalled, difficulty as to States-General, reconvokes Notables, opinion of himself, popular, dismissed... ...ce, on Corn-law, dismissed, death of. TYRANTS, French people rise against. UNITED STATES, declaration of Liberty, embassy to Louis XVI., aided by Fran...

...dvocates will push it forward till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new, North as well as South.” Judge Douglas makes us... ...question is settled. He says the bill he introduced into the Senate of the United States on the 4th day of January, 1854, settled the slavery question... ...n is settled. He says the bill he introduced into the Senate of the United States on the 4th day of January, 1854, settled the slavery question foreve... ...s that in that year there were over four hundred thousand mulattoes in the United States. Now let us take what is called an Abolition State—the Republ... ...in that year there were over four hundred thousand mulattoes in the United States. Now let us take what is called an Abolition State—the Republican, s... ...it at their own pleasure; and that all others—individuals, free States and national Government—are constitutionally bound to leave them alone about it... ...ch make me believe that Edmunds and Morrill will spend this week among the National Democrats, trying to in- duce them to content themselves by voting... ...headed off, if you can. Call Wagley’s attention to it and have him and the National Democrat for Rep. to counteract it as far as they can. Y ours as e... ...1805, prescribing rules for the subdivision of sections of land within the United States system of surveys, standing unrepealed, in my opinion, is bin...

...er mistaken. Prejudiced, I never have been otherwise than in favour of the United States. No visitor can ever have set foot on those shores, with a st... ...aken. Prejudiced, I never have been otherwise than in favour of the United States. No visitor can ever have set foot on those shores, with a stronger ... ...Prejudiced, I am not, and never have been, otherwise than in favour of the United States. I have many friends in America, I feel a grateful interest i... ...ced, I am not, and never have been, otherwise than in favour of the United States. I have many friends in America, I feel a grateful interest in the c... ...t the Custom—house above all others would do well to take example from the United States and render itself somewhat less odious and offensive to forei... ...ustom—house above all others would do well to take example from the United States and render itself somewhat less odious and offensive to foreigners. ... ...s there, I sincerely believe, any insolence of office of any kind. Nothing national is exhibited for money; and no public officer is a showman. We hav... ...of obtaining it, I suppose?’ ‘Well, I don’t know:’ which, by the bye, is a national answer. ‘Her friends mistrust her.’ ‘What have they to do with it... ...heard them called by gentlemen learned in this kind of sweetmeat, into the national spittoons, and not about the bases of the marble columns. But in s...

...may babble of the firm over the walnuts and the wine, will rally round the national concern at the approach of difficulty. They are so few – I am asha... ...r, it were to challenge contradiction – they are so few, and the amount of national capital buried at their feet is so vast, that we must not wonder i... ...of the independent traders broke be- yond restraint. And, largely from the national touchiness and the intemperate speech of German clerks, this scram... ...it. They figure but as the three ruffi- ans of the elder play-wrights. The United States have the cleanest hands, and even theirs are not immaculate. ... ...y figure but as the three ruffi- ans of the elder play-wrights. The United States have the cleanest hands, and even theirs are not immaculate. It was ... ...hed story. And the end of it spattered the credit alike of England and the States, when this man (the premier of a friendly sovereign) was kidnapped a... ...nsulate. Malietoa supposed himself betrayed by Tamasese. Consul Churchward states with precision that the document was sold by a scribe for thirty-six... ...t Malietoa,” said Mataafa “but try to bring about a compromise, and form a united government.” “Very well,” said Tamasese, “leave it to me, and I will... ... of humanity I hereby respectfully and solemnly protest in the name of the United States of America and of the civilised world in general against the ...

...er has so vast a drainage basin: it draws its water supply from twenty eight States and T erritories; from Dela ware, on the Atlantic seaboard, and f... ...e in the New Orleans ‘Times Democrat,’ based upon reports of able engineers, states that the river annually empties four hundred and six million tons ... ...te man who ever saw the Mississippi River, saw it in 1542, is a remark which states a fact without interpreting it: it is something like giv ing the ... ...isolated communities is the pastime of my idle moments, the de struction of nationalities the serious business of my life! The boundless vastness of ... ...of them that you are allowed to run at all down stream. There’s a law of the United States against it. The river may be rising by the time we get to 1... ..., he promptly resented even the merest sugges tions. Indeed, the law of the United States forbade him to listen to commands or suggestions, rightly c... ...ould get a pilot’s license for him by signing an application directed to the United States Inspector. Noth ing further was needed; usually no questio... ...g as it should be wise enough not to carry the thing too far and provoke the national government into amending the licensing system, steamboat owners ... ...with the Natchez, is the best on record, and, inasmuch as the race created a national interest, we give below her time table from port to port. Left N...

...der has ever been present in a vast metropolis, on the day when some great national idol was carried in fu- neral pomp to his grave, and chancing to w... ...ersate diurne; Especially nocturnâ. In these assassinations of princes and statesmen, there is nothing to excite our wonder; important changes often d... ...ther, warm already, became warmer; culinary and meta- physical irritations united to derange his liver: he took to his bed, and died. Such is the comm... ... of the company during the earlier toasts, I overruled the call. After the national toasts had been given, the first official toast of the day was, Th... ... purpose of malice, faithfully pursued, has quartered some people upon our national funds of homage as by a perpetual annuity. Bet- ter than an inheri... ...ted together by cords of superstition. What else was it but her constancy, united with her angelic gentleness, that drove the fanatic English soldier—... ...ere I saw her; I do not exactly know, but I be- lieve with some burthen of commissions to be executed in Bath, her own residence being probably the ce... ...ong, hunting the county up and down, and regularly subsiding about sunset, united with the permanent distinc- tion of Lancashire as the very metropoli... ...sweat of their brow. In Rome only, (and at one time in some of the Grecian states,) it was the very mean- ing of citizen that he could vote and be idl...

...reality till the alarm-clock rang, at seven-twenty. III It was the best of nationally advertised and quantitatively produced alarm-clocks, with all mo... ...d four hundred thousand inhabitants now—he could see the top of the Second National Tower, an Indi- ana limestone building of thirty-five stories. Its... ... afternoon. Keep forgetting it.” At the Simplex Office Furniture Shop, the National Cash Register Agency, he yearned for a dictaphone, for a typewrite... ...ght expensive ties “and could pay cash for ‘em, too, by golly;” and at the United Cigar Store, with its crimson and gold alertness, he reflected, “Won... ...ollars—bet there isn’t more than five per cent. of the people in the whole United States that make more than Uncle George does, by golly! Right up at ... ...bet there isn’t more than five per cent. of the people in the whole United States that make more than Uncle George does, by golly! Right up at the top... ...his evening and, after an adequate sketch of the day’s progressive weather-states, his four-hundred- and-fifty-dollar fee, his lunch with Paul Rieslin... ... is flat, that the English are the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, and that the United States is a de- mocracy. At that moment the steel and cement town wh... ...t, that the English are the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, and that the United States is a de- mocracy. At that moment the steel and cement town which com...

... many quarters in England, in Ireland, in the British colonies, and in the United States, a series of letters expressing a far profounder interest in ... ...uarters in England, in Ireland, in the British colonies, and in the United States, a series of letters expressing a far profounder interest in papers ... ... And perhaps this natural prece- dency in authority of years and judgment, united to the ten- der humility with which she declined to assert it, had b... ...s, when made vocal to the meditative heart by the truths and services of a national church, God holds with children “communion undisturbed.” Solitude,... ...r one hour on this thy festival of Pentecost I make my servant—render thee united worship in this thy recovered temple.” Lo! the apparition plucks an ... ...racter of the British policy as to all external demonstrations of pomp and national pretension, and its strong opposition to that of France under corr... ...s, why, we may ask, were not the many and gorgeous jewels, achieved by the national wisdom and power in later times, adopted into the recomposed tiara... ...vil grandeur, as exemplified in three differ- ent modes by three different states. Availing himself of the brief scriptural notice,—“The devil taketh ... ...ng to his precedent) the many and remote embassies to and from independent states, in all quarters of the earth, with how many more groups might the s...

.... Monsieur Leprince assured his daughter that Xavier was of the stock that statesmen came of. Celestine answered that a man named Rabourdin would neve... ...of heaven. Madame Rabourdin conceived herself fully capable of directing a statesman, inspiring an artist, helping an inventor and pushing his interes... ...rts and where decisions were prompt and spontaneous. The dominant law of a statesman is to apply precise formula 13 Balzac to all cases, after the ma... ...othered many statements conscientiously written on the secret evils of the national government; lowered the courage of many hearts, and corrupted ster... ...d prevented all ameliorations of home rule. In Austria, where many diverse united nations present so many conflicting interests to be conciliated and ... ...efense of the nation, the overthrow of an en- emy, and the security of the national possessions. The minis- try of the interior ought in like manner t... ... with that of registra- tion and the management of domains. Thus Rabourdin united in one centre all divisions that were allied in nature. The mortgage... ...er of ideas exacted certain dues. He received a salary on the staff of the National Guard, where he held a sinecure which was paid for by the city of ... ...he law does not take into account increase, which he may very well obtain; commissions have wide margins for the deputies of the Centre, you know, and...

...of “virtus” strength, courage. The present dissertation is excusable as of national interest; besides, it may help to re- store the use of such words ... ...e it odious to sound minds. English gold would, as formerly, assist in the national discords. The Republic, aban- doned by young Bonaparte who had see... ...double mission,—not merely to defend French territory, but to preserve the national soul, the generous principles of lib- erty, independence, and righ... ...ught out the transparent rose of the nos- trils and the double curve which united the nose with the upper lip; at other times a pale glint of sunshine... ... murmur through the open space, the praying men filled with conviction and united by one and the same sentiment, the bare cross, the wild and barren t... ... If Marie had only betrayed that damned marquis, she and I would have been united in the strongest of all bonds— a vile deed. But she’s mine, in any c... ...n the following morning, he returned, hav- ing carefully fulfilled all the commissions entrusted to him by the Gars. Finding that Marche-a-Terre and P... ... uniform with any of your tricks.” “Commandant, the order of the ministers states that you are to obey Mademoiselle de Verneuil.” “Let her come and gi...

...t day, swarm in the provinces; but in 1822 the country attorney very often united the functions of solicitor and counsel. As a result of this double l... ...on in the bank. You would not believe how greatly the qual- ity of banker, united with the august title of creditor, changes the debtor’s position. Fo... ...rom misfortune, the Govern- ment, strange to say! takes its share, and the national rev- enue is swelled by a tax on commercial failure. And the Bank?... ... at that time a treaty was being negotiated between Russia and Sweden. The States-General insisted that Charles XII. should make peace (much as they t... ...ecretary’s keeping; but when the time came for laying the draft before the States- General, a trifling difficulty arose; the treaty was not to be foun... ... General, a trifling difficulty arose; the treaty was not to be found. The States-General believed that the Minister, pan- dering to the King’s wishes... ...one kind of opinion and acted on another. There has been no consistency in national policy, nor in the conduct of individuals. You cannot be said to h... ... world; they compose Robert the Devil, act Phedre, sing William Tell, give commissions for pictures and build palaces, write Reisebilder and wonderful... ... matters, so tricky are they in their dealings. In France the spectacle of national blunders has never lacked national applause for the past fifty yea...

...nd in- terests with which he had to do were all familiar. He could execute commissions intelligently; he never asked as much for his little stages, an... ...a society that would never have believed in the conjugal passion of an old statesman. How happened it that from the earliest days of his marriage his ... ...g-places along the road, we will ourselves explain what were the ties that united Madame Clapart with Pierrotin, and authorized the two confidential r... ...ping hand, my lad!” he said to Pierrotin. The farmer was hoisted in by the united efforts of Pierrotin and the porter, to cries of “Houp la! hi! ha! h... ... in his green- gray eyes the shrewdness of the magistrate, the wisdom of a statesman, and the knowledge of a legislator. His face was flat, and the no... ...betrayed to the eyes of youth a peer of France, and one of the most useful states- men in the kingdom. Pere Leger had never seen the count, who, on hi... ...EORGES THOSE WHO TRAVEL in public conveyances know that the per- sons thus united by chance do not immediately have any- thing to say to one another; ... ... of the best of all possible republics was removed from the command of the National guard, Oscar Husson, whose devotion to the new dynasty amounted to...

...omise the influence of his family in the arrondissement of Arcis, that old statesman would doubtless propose for candidate some young man who could be... ...he information of countries so unfortunate as not to know the blessings of national repre- sentation, and which are, therefore, ignorant by what intes... ...the country; he knows parliamentary necessities; he is much nearer being a statesman than my friend Simon, who will not pretend to have made himself a... ...gnificent enterprise, which, in its results, would attain to the height of statesmanship. In fact, industry of all kinds would gain by establishing wi... ... Historical Mystery.”] The Marions, Grevins, and Giguets were all the more united be- cause the triumph of their political opinions, called “consti- t... ...arkable figure. But as she won him, at once, the cross and any num- ber of commissions from the government and the munici- pality, together with score... ...entary discussions, salons, elections, railways, the Cafe de Paris and the National Guard—what time have we, if you please, to go to work?” “Beautiful... ...ther pretty speculation—with the rest of the money he bought stock in the ‘National,’ where I meet him every time I want to have a laugh over the repu... ...thful to any secret that concerned you per- sonally.” “ Ah! you are such a united pair,” said Madame de l’Estorade, with a heavy sigh. “I don’t regret...

...nner. And here the in- structor had to combat another propensity too often united with brilliancy of fancy and vivacity of talent,—that indo- lence, n... ...ce of the rector, the curate, the clerk, and the whole congregation of the united parishes of Waverley cum Beverley. I beg pardon, once and for all, o... ...ments should be repaid forthwith, and, if delayed, if would be a matter of national reproach. Sir Everard, accus- tomed to treat much larger sums with... ...ith groves of nettles, and exhibited here and there a huge hemlock, or the national thistle, overshadowing a quarter of the petty enclosure. The broke... ...he sight of what he had not yet happened to see, a mountaineer in his full national costume. The individual Gael was a stout, dark, young man, of low ... ...ly become traitor to the crown; Ian, which was the name of our adventurer, united himself with those who were commissioned by the king to chastise him... ...l, sympathized little in the disappointment of this selfish and interested statesman; and he retired to the country under the comfortable reflection, ... ...ench prisoners. May repose and blessings attend the ashes of the patriotic statesman, who, amongst his last services to Scot- land, interposed to prev... ...g just started from his bed;—the rest of his dress was only a Westmoreland statesman’s robe-de- chambre,—that is, his shirt. His figure was displayed ...

...the prevalence of those more tolerant and rational principles by which the statesmen of our own day are actuated. On these matters, however, it is not... ...ritings; France has issued a warrant against you: so do you come to me. My states offer you a peaceful retreat. I wish you well, and will treat you we... ...t altogether imaginary. The habit of liv- ing in this peaceful manner soon united me tenderly to my cousin Bernard; my affection was more ardent than ... ...exist- ence, I find elements, which, though seemingly incompat- ible, have united to produce a simple and uniform effect; while others, apparently the... ...ntirely to divest my- 36 The Confessions self of it. Desire and inability united naturally led to this vice, which is the reason pilfering is so comm... ...nd hunger. I remained at Lyons seven or eight days to wait for some little commissions with which Madam de Warrens had charged Mademoiselle du Chatele... ...g the Senate. As I could not go on board, on account of the order from the states, I remained in my gondola, and there took the depositions successive... ...for no other reason than because, not being a Frenchman, I had no right to national protection, and that it was a private affair between him and mysel... ...es, and of whom she produces too few for her glory. He had not the violent national passions common in his own country. The idea of vengeance could no...

... quarrels and sanguinary wars throughout Europe and America, has succeeded the prevalence of those more tolerant and rational principles by which the statesmen of our own day are actuated....