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The aim of the study is to assess the contribution of the actions and measures of APEC‘s Electronic Commerce Steering Group (ECSG) towards reducing trade transaction costs in the region through a case study of an Electronic Certificate of Origin (e-CO) project. The study assesses the results of the e-CO Pathfinder Project between Chinese Taipei and Korea in reducing trade transaction costs since implementation began in June 2010. These results are then extrapolated on the assumption that e-CO is adopted in other APEC economies, using several different assumptions and scenarios....

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Thrilling narratives of voyages, discoveries, adventures, battles, darings and sufferings of the heroic characters, bold explorers and dauntless spirits who have made ocean history and established christian supremacy over the most savage lands of the earth. Reciting astonishing incidents and perilous undertakings among wild beasts and savage people in heroic efforts for a reclamation of all lands to civilization, and recording a description of the riot of murder, pillage and inhumanity which characterized the pirates, marooners and buccaneers who ravaged the spanish main and for centuries bid defiance to the armed fleets of all nations....

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The Rolling Stone of History. -- Surprising revelations -- Ancient Cities that are now no more -- Effects of Cataclysms upon the human race -- The rise and fall of nations -- Cave dwellers who became masters of the world -- The first boats -- Building a strong nation -- The earliest navigators -- Evolution of the ship -- Discoveries of the ancients -- Islands of the long ago -- Changes in the earth's surface -- Commerce of Troy with India -- Expeditions sent out by Menelaus and Neco -- The circumnavigation of Africa by the ancients -- Solomon's navy -- Discovery of the West Indies by Carthaginians -- Hamilcar's voyage to the North seas -- Wonderful lands and fountains -- Astounding adventures of Hanuo -- Weird sights on the shores of ancient Africa -- Witches and Snake charmers -- Among the mermaids -- Voyage of Pytheas, the philosopher -- Tears of sorrowing sea-birds -- Discovery of a new world -- A wondrously profitable commerce -- A northwest passage -- The Romans pass to China by a north route -- Destruction of the Roman empire....

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The cartographic history of Hawaii began with the arrival of Captain James Cook, the famous explorer and chartmaker, in 1778. Between then and the mid-19th century, visitors to HawaiI produced a rich assortment of charts and maps depicting the shores, harbors, towns, and volcanoes of the various islands. This volume traces the story of the mapping of HawaiI during the pivotal years in which the indigenous society was radically transformed by the peoples and ideas imported from the West. Foreigners introduced the concept of mapmaking to HawaiI, and they made maps of the islands to satisfy the needs of maritime commerce, missionary endeavors, and scientific investigations. Nearly seventy maps, complemented by more than twenty views, portraits, and illustrations, are reproduced here. Included are many charts and harbor plans produced by such famous figures of naval history as James Cook, William Bligh, George Vancouver, Otto von Kotzebue, Urey Lisiansky, Jean Francois de la Pérouse, Louis Duperrey, and Charles Wilkes. These richly reproduced charts document the early geography of Honolulu, Lahaina, Hilo, and Kailua—the most...

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The Early Mapping of Hawaii is an overview of the history of the mapping of Hawaii from the time of European discovery in 1778 through the mid-19th century. Mapmaking was not an art indigenous to Hawaii; foreigners were responsible for the introduction of mapmaking in the islands. For well over seventy years, mapping in Hawaii was largely carried out by Europeans or Americans, and the early maps of Hawaii were mostly made to serve the needs of those foreigners....

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The financial crisis which erupted in mid-2007 has been widely viewed as the most serious financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The crisis which originated in developed countries quickly spread to developing countries and the rest of the world. The turbulence in financial systems was followed by a significant reduction in real economic activity throughout the world. The crisis has highlighted that financial markets are inherently unstable and market failures have huge economic and social costs. The crisis has renewed debate on the role of global finance and how it should be regulated. The aim of this book is to encourage and stimulate a more informed debate on reforming the global finance. It examines recent developments and problems afflicting the global financial system. From a developing country perspective, it enunciates guiding principles and offers concrete policy measures to create a more stable, equitable and sustainable global financial system. Several...

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1. The Unfolding of Global Financial Crisis 2. The Global Financial Crisis and Developing Countries 3. Recent Trends in International Finance and Developmental Implications 4. The Rise of New Global Players 5. Financial Derivatives and the Globalization of Risk 6. Global Financial Crisis and India 7. Guiding Principles for Building a Stable Global Financial System 8. Global Financial Reforms and Developing Countries 9. Global Financial Reforms and Civil Society: A Bottom up Approach...

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Cyclopedia of issues in modern philosophy: The philosophy of science and religion, the cognitive sciences, cultural studies, aesthetics, art and literature, the philosophy of economics, the philosophy of psychology, and ethics....

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Control of the vertical dimension—air and space—is essential to preserving healthy commerce and situational awareness during peacetime and sustaining military operations during conflict. Air and space forces must be integrated in order to achieve rapid dominance of the battle space when necessary. While airpower has existed for almost a century, military space operations are yet in their infancy. Military leaders, planners, and operators are just beginning to recognize the importance and legitimacy of space as a center of gravity and war-fighting medium....

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There is a wide spread belief that the banking sector created the current crisis. In this essay I explain in very simple words why private banks are not responsible for the crisis, and more specifically why private banks cannot create what is called "inflationary money". I explain that inflationary money is always and everywhere created by governments. I also explain how and why governments do so. Finally I say a few things about conspiracy theories concerning the central banks, since the latter play a key role on what we call "inflationary money". This essay is written for non economists with an interest on the subject . Even though I have postgraduate studies in economics I am not a specialist, and this document is the knowledge I gathered in an attempt to answer my own questions. Moreover, English is not my first language so you will have to excuse my syntax....

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Bachelor of Science in economics and Management of Tourism Services, and Tourism in the Land of Emigration

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If you take a look at the world we live in, most people have a completely backwards approach to pursuing happiness. We’re generally raised with the idea: “If you work hard at something, you’ll be successful, and then you can be happy”. But when you think like that, you’ll notice that as soon as you reach a goal, another one will take it’s place. And then another. Like the horizon, our goals keep shifting and moving just out of reach. And with that, our happiness. Our brain actually works the other way around: By cultivating happiness, you’ll be more creative, feel more connected, and be more productive. So by first focusing on what makes us happy, we become much better at everything we do!...

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"... And be aware of your conditioning and society's effect on your thinking. Try giving yourself some unconditional self-acceptance, give yourself a break from the inner critic by, paradoxically, not struggling with anything. We put so much pressure on ourselves to be some notion of a perfect person that we are never actually able to be ourselves and enjoy our life. And remember – it's not a rehearsal – this is the real thing. Each moment is a new choice to love it or resent it."...

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1. Introduction 2. Accept What You Have 3. Enjoy What You Do 4. Live For Today 5. Choose Happiness and Value It 6. Love Your Family and Friends 7. Stay Active 8. Economics Be Yourself 9. Stop Worrying 10. Get Organised 11. Think Positively 12. The Mind-Body Connection 13. The Workbook 14. About The Author...

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General Accounting Office Report to the Honorable Steven H. Schiff, House of Representatives - Government Records - Results of a Search for Records Concerning the 1947 Crash Near Roswell, New Mexico...

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This free eBook is based on a lifetime of teaching students trying to get to university, undergraduates already at university, and postgraduates working towards an MA or a PhD....

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The book contains the following chapters. 1 An Introduction to Economics in 5,000 Words and a Bit 2 Trying to Make Sense of Economic Policy—What Do Governments Try to Do? 3 Trying to Make Sense of Economic Policy—Why is it Difficult to Get it Right? 4 Business Cycles, Recessions and Economic Booms 5 A Summary of the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Price Mechanism 6 The Difference Between “Economic Growth” & "Economic Development" ...

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This research paper addresses two of the important questions raised in the General Accounting Office report regarding the use of contractors in support of joint military operations. First, will a joint engineering and logistics service contract provide the combatant and service commanders any benefit over maintaining individual Navy, Army, and Air Force service augmentation contracts? Second, does current joint doctrine adequately address the use of contractor services in support of contingency and wartime operations? If not, what information should be included in future joint doctrine?...

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I started writing this book on my cell phone on an airplane flight- with my phone in “airplane mode”, of course... While trapped in my seat for a couple hours I started typing a list of ways to spend less money and ended up with 101 tips. After I landed, I added some description, stories, and details to each tip to create a resource to help people spend less money. The tips on saving money in this book can be used to save money, of course, but they can also help you think about money and spending in a different way. Things look different when you have your debt and spending under control. New possibilities open up. You have more freedom and less stress. ...

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Buying food at a convenience store is rarely a good idea, but if you do, here is a tip to avoid paying sales tax on food items. Back in college, I would sometimes get a "grinder" burrito at a convenience store, not a bad lunch for about $1.00. If you paid for the burrito before microwaving it, it was considered a grocery item and there was no sales tax. If you microwaved it first and then paid for it, you were charged 6% sales tax since it was considered a prepared food item. Of course, saving 6 cents on a burrito is not going to change your life, but if you can save 6 cents every time you get a burrito, savings can add up over time. The point is not to pay more than you need to pay for anything and hold on to the savings, no matter how small. Wasting money is a bad habit- I try to adopt a "zero-tolerance" policy for wasting money. I suppose some would say I could save even more money by either not buying the burrito, or by buying the burrito somewhere else- you can get a burrito for 79 cents at Taco John's on "Taco Tuesday", or probably make one at home for about 35 cents. It is always a fuzzy line between "needs" and...

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Dedication Introduction Disclaimer Tip 1: Avoid sales tax on food Tip 2: Save big at Kohl’s Tip 3: Save 10% on milk Tip 4: Make coffee at home, save over $500 per year Tip 5: Pack lunch instead of eating out Tip 6: Sharpen disposable razor blades Tip 7: Cut cable TV or satellite TV Tip 8: Buy less gas for your car Tip 9: Enjoy cheap- or free- exercise Tip 10: Save when eating out Tip 11: Get pets at the animal shelter for almost free Tip 12: Have less stuff Tip 13: Haircuts at home Tip 14: Walk instead of drive Tip 15: Credit card points Tip 16: Avoid dry cleaning Tip 17: A Subway $5 footlong is a good deal Tip 18: Use energy efficient lighting Tip 19: Improve home insulation Tip 20: Reduce your house payments with a mortgage re-fi Tip 21: Buy used items and save Tip 22: Stop making car payments Tip 23: Avoid recreational shopping Tip 24: Cut small unnecessary purchases Tip 25: Utilize free resources at your library Tip 26: Free or cheap hobbies Tip 27: Get an artificial Christmas tree Tip 28: Plan meals, shop with coupons Tip 29: Drop newspapers and magazines Tip 30: Staycation instead of vacation ...

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Cyclopedia of issues in modern philosophy: The philosophy of science and religion, the cognitive sciences, cultural studies, aesthetics, art and literature, the philosophy of economics, the philosophy of psychology, and ethics....

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An exchange traded fund (ETF) is a communal vehicle for investment, as is an exchange traded note (ETN). This primer profiles the duo of instruments and compares them to mutual funds. The relative merits of the securities are explained, along with the grave risks both blatant and subtle. The serious investor has to juggle the crucial factors in order to thrash out a robust program of investment....

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As a supple tool for investment, the exchange traded fund (ETF) has enjoyed explosive growth since its debut on the stock market. To a lesser extent, the story is similar for the exchange traded note (ETN). The popularity of these vehicles stems from the ease of investing in a diversity of assets at low cost. An ETF is an investment pool whose shares are listed on a bourse. For this reason, the securities can be bought and sold just like any other stock by way of an equity account at a brokerage firm. From a historical stance, the traditional form of communal investing lies in the mutual fund: a commercial trust whose shares are offered for sale directly to the general public. In other words, an investor deals with the operator of the collective pool in procuring and unloading the units. By contrast, the shares of an ETF are traded amongst the actors within the stock market. This primer begins by profiling the exchange traded fund. One topic deals with the similarities and differences between an ETF and a mutual fund. Another issue involves the contrast between active and passive modes of investment in tending a portfolio o...

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Climb and Slide of Mutual Funds Active versus Passive Ploys Hidden Dangers Travails of Index Funds Physical versus Synthetic Assets Exchange Traded Note Madness of the Mob Bane of Leverage Additional Forms of Risk Wrapup of the ETF and ETN Further Information References...

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This essay is a common sense approach to the issue of economic monopolies, written for the general reader with no knowledge of economics. I clearly explain why monopolies are always the result of government regulation and not as socialists claim the result of the free market. I have postgraduate studies in economics, but I am not a specialist on the subject, and this essay represents the knowledge I gathered in an attempt to answer my own questions. English is not my first language and you should be ready to excuse my syntax....

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We focus our discussions in this book on cities, because in our opinion a city is the smallest economic entity which has ‘self-organizing’ character, in a sense that a city can grow by itself (with minimum intervention). Nonetheless, this book will not discuss the self-organization character itself, but a new concept called ‘Cultural Economy’ development. Cultural Economic here is part of leisure and tourism industry, and depends on taste, advertisement, history, and the quality of being diverse, distinctive, with a large spectrum of varieties....

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Content ................... 3 Prologue ....................... 4 Biography of authors .................. 7 Chapter 1. Historical Precursor ............. 8 Pitfalls of Industrialization Is there alternative to industrialization? A review of economics thinking Box I: Cultural Advantage and Cultural Studies Chapter 2. Cultural Advantage as Alternative ............. 20 De-Industrialization and Emergence of Experience Economy Cultural Advantage, a new proposition Chapter 3. High-Tech/High-Touch and Cultural Advantage ..... 31 To automate or not to automate? How to implement Cultural Advantage in city development Box III: Cultural Advantage and Anthropology Chapter 4. A few examples: Lessons to learn ............. 40 a. Nicosia b. Toronto c. Venice d. Huzhou e. Valencia f. Chicago g. Romanian Lesson h. Eastern Europe Lesson i. Argentina Lesson Chapter 5. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory ............. 49 A new proposition: Extended Tobin Tax Bibliography.........60...

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SMALL FARMERS SECURE FOOD: SURVIVAL FOOD SECURITY, THE WORLD’S KITCHEN & THE CRITICAL ROLE OF SMALL FARMERS Small farmers tilling handkerchief sized farms feed more than half the world. They thus maintain national stability, forestall conflict and reduce emigration. Secure food supply is nothing short of national security. Such facts define the poor world, yet are misunderstood by nations that influence international development. Practitioners know that small farmers’ yields can exceed those of large farms. They also know that food security means guaranteeing enough food to survive as a national priority unrelated to free trade. Good governments of poor countries practice this to avoid food shortages and anarchy. Food always comes first – that is the message of this powerful book. History is replete with failed societies that lost sight of the centrality of food and farmers. Today, wealthy country delusions of isolation from instability in the rest of the world open everyone to an unprecedented risk. These matters are, in this book, refocused on the essentials of life, global security and peace. Polemic in parts, it shows the ...

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Table of Contents Page Dedication and Cataloguing Information ii Acknowledgements - Of the continuing past vi Feeding Rome; Feeding the World Chapter 1 Introductory Words 1 Chapter 2 Food, Farmers and Fallacy 4 Secure Food Producers 5 False Security 9 Where Did We Go Wrong? 12 A Short Re-view of Economics 13 Common Needs 16 Uncommonsense 17 Re-Integrating Economics 19 Rights to Food 23 Un-Free Food Trade 24 Food as a Commodity 26 Commoditization Leads to Speculation 28 Lessons of the Recent Past 30 Life and Death Risks 32 Supply and Demand 33 Policy Approaches 35 Chapter 3 Securing Enough Food to Survive 38 Rediscovering Food Security 38 Forgotten Food; Forgotten Famines 40 Fundamental Knowledge 42 Food Crises and Foreign Aid 45 International Approaches 48 Variables in Food Security 52 Food Reserves 57 Food Security and the Recent Crises 59 Informed Policy 64 Chapter 4 ...

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The markets of the world continue to merge into a single ball of complexity. The ties that bind stretch across national borders as well as asset classes. Amid the ferment, the opportunities in the marketplace can crop up in diverse forms in distant countries as well as nearby locales. The same is true of the threats, whether blatant or subtle, that lie in wait for the rash investor in a hurry. As an example, a crash of the stock market in the U.S. is sure to whomp the currencies in Asia as well as the commodities in Africa. Given the host of linkages amongst disparate markets, the shrewd investor keeps track of a welter of asset classes as well as geographic locales. Another hallmark of the millennium is the wealth of resources available on the global infobahn. The Web is a boundless source of information on diverse markets round the planet. The purpose of this review is to present a selection of vital resources for the earnest investor bent on sound growth in a global marketplace. The nuggets in the lineup run the gamut from tutorial articles and market reviews to news portals and forecasting hubs....

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American Depositary Receipt (ADR) Brokerage Firms Business Incubator Data Mining Depositary Receipt (DR) Economic Trends Forecast of Real and Financial Markets Global Depositary Receipt (GDR) Leading Indicators News: Business News: Commentary News: Technology Real Estate Risk Venture Capital...

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Relocation is often defined as a stressful and nerve-racking experience that eats up too much time and money, leaving you emotionally and physically drained. And yet, it doesn’t have to be this way. The key to successfully writing your own happy ending to the grim moving story is to be adequately prepared for Moving day by following the required packing steps. Cleverly structured by esteemed relocation experts and, the purpose of this moving book is to help you organize and execute a smooth and trouble-free move with the least effort on your part. Be well informed. Be a smart decision-maker. Make all the right moves....

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It is universally known that moving often turns out to be a stressful experience with an insatiable appetite for time and money. The psychological impact of any relocation process cannot be predicted with any certainty and its side effects may last from a couple of weeks to a few years depending on what type of person you are. Being well prepared for the upcoming move is fundamental not only for your emotional well-being, but for that of the people around you as well....

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Introduction How To Mentally Prepare For A Move “Plans are nothing; planning is everything” It’s time to say goodbye You are what matters most A change might do you good Top 10 Best Organizing Ideas For Moving Be prudent when choosing your moving service Box it in and pack it up Devise a clever sorting system Make a survival kit Guard your valuables Get rid of excess stuff Accept any help you can get Let your camera be your pal Spread the word Make it children and pet safe Bonus idea: Start early and don’t rush yourself Top 10 Moving Mistakes And How To Avoid Them 1. Not planning your move 2. Failing to ask for an in-house estimate 3. Not obtaining multiple moving quotes 4. Not researching the moving companies 5. Choosing the company with the lowest quote 6. Bypassing items during the estimate 7. Packing poorly the day before the move 8. Failing to understand your insurance options 9. Entrusting irreplaceable valuables in the hands of the movers 10. Not understanding the moving paperwork Non-Allowable Items: What To Do When Movers Say No Hazardous materials Perishable food Pets and plants Irreplaceab...