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...introduction of neutrosophic theory has put forth a significant concept by giving representation to indeterminates. Uncertainty or indeterminacy happen to be one of the major factors in almost all real-world problems. When uncertainty is modeled we use f...

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...eutrosophic Vector spaces 8 Chapter Two SOME BASIC RESULTS ON GRAPH THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FUZZY MODELS 2.1 Some basics on Gr... ...ophic algebraic structures is very recent. The introduction of neutrosophic theory has put forth a significant concept by giving representation to i... ...n almost all real-world problems. When uncertainty is modeled we use fuzzy theory and when indeterminacy is involved we use neutrosophic theory. Mo... ... further development of the other chapters. Chapter Two recalls basic graph theory definitions and results which has interested us and for which we ... ...al Maps. 13 Chapter Two SOME BASIC RESULTS ON GRAPH THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO FUZZY MODELS In this chapter we re... ... to recall the definition of connectivity. The connectivity of a graph is a measure of its connectedness. Some connected graphs are connected rather...

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...d problems afflicting the global financial system. From a developing country perspective, it enunciates guiding principles and offers concrete policy measures to create a more stable, equitable and sustainable global financial system. Several...

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...the banking system, central banks and governments undertook various policy measures such as nationalizing banks, guaranteeing bank liabilities and rec... ... role in managing the global financial system. As part of counter-cyclical measures, IFIs (and governments) have stepped-in to restore stability in th... ...bility in the financial markets and stimulate real economy. Several policy measures (both short and long-term) have been announced by IFIs and regiona... ...t both national and global levels. By and large, fiscal stimulus and other measures announced by governments lack focus on employment generation and s... ...rom 46.3 million in 2008. In Europe, the implementation of tough austerity measures signals the demise of European Social Model. For poor and developi... ... There is a paradox between the gains of capital account liberalization in theory and in practice. The arguments supportive of capital account liberal... ...much fewer in comparison with huge economic and social costs. Conventional theory suggests that if there are no restrictions on capital mobility, capi... ... the late 1970s. There is a paradox between the use of capital controls in theory and in practice. Although mainstream theory suggests that controls a... ...Great Crash 1929, Houghton-Mifflin, 1997. John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1936/1...

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...a common desire to investigate the phenomena of sense-perception, and the genetic relations of man to the lower animals, and a common interest in the theory of human knowledge. While, however, some of the pages of Sextus' works would form a possible introduction to certain lines of modern philosophical thought, we cannot carry the analogy farther, for Pyrrhonism as a whol...

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...rippa.—The two Tropes.—The Tropes of Aenesidemus against Aetiology.. 31 -- Aenesidemus And The Philosophy Of Heraclitus-Statement of the problem.—The theory of Pappenheim.—The theory of Brochard.—Zeller's theory.—The theory of Ritter and Saisset.—The theory of Hirzel and Natorp.—Critical examination of the subject.. 63 -- Critical Examination Of Pyrrhonism-Pyrrhonism and P...

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... THE PHILOSOPHY OF HERACLITUS 63 Statement of the problem.—The theory of Pappenheim.—The theory of Brochard.—Zeller's theory.—The theor... ...theory of Brochard.—Zeller's theory.—The theory of Ritter and Saisset.—The theory of Hirzel and Natorp.—Critical examination of the subject. CHAP... ...genetic relations of man to the lower animals, and a common interest in the theory of human knowledge. While, however, some of the pages of Sextus' ... ...his condemnation of the attitude of the Empirical School in relation to the theory of knowledge. This difference between the two schools was a small ... ...d on a subtle and unimportant point; in fact, a difference in philosophical theory, and not in medical practice. [1] Brochard Op. cit. Livre IV. 31... ...l union between Scepticism and Empiricism, and who gave Pyrrhonism in great measure, the éclat that it enjoyed in Alexandria, and who appears to hav... ... into greater perturbation, because he is excited beyond reason and without measure from fear of a change, and he does everything in his power to ret... ...epticism differ from the Philosophy of Protagoras? Protagoras makes man the measure of all things, of 216 things that are that they are, and things ... ...at are that they are, and things that are not that they are not, meaning by measure, criterion, and by things, events, that is to say really, man is...

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...those is surveyed in Liu’s book [33]. To determine the embedding of a graph on surfaces, including coloring a map on surfaces is another trend in map theory. Its object is combinatorialization of surfaces, see Gross and Tucker [22], Mohar and Thomassen [53] and White [70], especially the [53] for detail. The construction of regular maps on surfaces, related maps with group...

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... on surfaces, including coloring a map on surfaces is another trend in map theory. Its object is combinatorialization of surfaces, see Gross and Tucke... ...on surfaces, related maps with groups and geometry is a glimmer of the map theory with other mathematics. In fact, maps as a kind of the decomposition... ...sition of surfaces, should be given more attention to its role in surfaces theory, such as the Riemann surfaces, Klein surfaces and manifolds theory. ... ...s and toprofessor Yanpei Liu introduced meinto thefiled ofcombinatorial map theory. Thanks are also given to Professor Mingyao Xu, Professor Yanxun Cha... ...rial conditions for an automorphism group of a map .............36 2.2 The measures on a map....................................................41 §3 ... ...m group on its vertices is the trivial group by the Corollary 2.4. 2.2 The measures on a map On the classical geometry, its central question is to det... ... a map On the classical geometry, its central question is to determine the measures on theobjects,suchasthedistance, angle,area,volume,curvature,.... ... ...a combinatorial model of Klein surfaces, we also wish to introduce various measures on a map and enlarge its application filed to other branch of mathe... ...All those applications are to the algebra, a branch of mathematics without measures. From this view, the topics discussed in the graph theory can be s...

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...This work covers a substantial mosaic of related concepts in utility theory as applied to financial decision-making. It reviews some of the classical notions of Benthamite utility and the normative utility paradigm offered by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory; exploring its m...

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...iness, Bond University for his thoughtful insights on some of the utility theory constructs. The author also feels indebted to a large extent to his ... ...mputational exposition of the proposed information theoretic utility measure scheme for a multi-asset, capital-guaranteed financial structured ... ... This work covers a substantial mosaic of related concepts in utility theory as applied to financial decision-making. It reviews some of the cla... ... utility paradigm offered by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory; exploring its major pitfalls before moving into what is postulated ... ...ulli who, ca 1738 A. D., proposed that the utility of money could be best measured by using the logarithm of the number of units of money. He hypoth... ... own and when to purchase an insurance policy? By Bernoulli’s logarithmic measure of utility, the expected payoff to the individual without insuranc... ...nd not always explicable using the known rules of statistical probability theory. 10 Individuals often have very distorted perceptions of ... ...tructured product one feels the need to go beyond the traditional utility measures and use one which will appropriately capture this dimension of ch... ...jective of our current research is to devise and implement such a utility measure. Staying within the confines of the classical normative uti...

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...roup and a semigroup simultaneously. This book is a piece of work on Smarandache semigroups and assumes the reader to have a good background on group theory; we give some recollection about groups and some of its properties just for quick reference....

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...liminary results 14 2.4 Subgroups 15 3. Some Classical Theorems in Group Theory 3.1 Lagrange's Theorem 21 3.2 Cauchy's Theorems 22 3.3 ... ...marandache semigroups and assumes the reader to have a good background on group theory; we give some recollection about groups and some of its proper... ...e used in this book. Chapters 2 and 3 gives most of the basic concepts on group theory and results in group theory which have been used in this text... ...rch on Smarandache notions. Smarandache notions are revolutionary because group theory does not make one think of the unthinkable that can naturally... ...see that the chapters two and three give most of the relevant concepts in group theory for which we have studied the Smarandache notions. In these t... ...n G, C(a) consists exactly of all the elements x -1 ax as x ranges over G. C a measures the number of distinct x -1 ax's. Our method of proof will ...

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...at?" I often asked anyone who would listen. The common response was, "Light needs no specification of that kind; its speed is the same no matter who measures it." "That's true." I would respond; "That's just the second postulate of special relativity which is not in doubt; but that postulate applies to light, and we're talking about rocketships here." However it seemed th...

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...t needs no specification of that kind; its speed is the same no matter who measures it." "That's true." I would respond; "That's just the second po... ...ts take you. The premise of this book is that the effects of the special theory of relativity are a kinematical perspective rather than being real;... ...an infinite speed. The basis for the hypothesis lies in the entanglement theory of quantum mechanics and deals with the transfer of information ove... ...co at Gallup February 2004 9 Guest Preface The special theory of relativity (STR) is indeed a kinematical perspective. By that I ... ...ollier's). Recent trends in thinking view the distortions of the special theory of relativity as only appearances, unable to affect Human physiolog... ...ization. Physics books tell us that time has physical meaning only in its measurement in the form of uniformly repeated or periodic motion. In any... ...to solve for the equations of motion. / The fastest the rocket can go, as measured in the fixed frame, is one light year per year. / The limiting ve... ...o be an electromagnetic property of space; (2) the light year is only a measure of distance And under the kinematical perspective view there are t... ...125: The equations just given for the transformation of velocities as measured in different frames should not be confused with the ordinary rule...

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...nly geometry together with the purport of physical laws can do so... The idea of the measuring rod and the idea of the clock contained with it in the theory of relativity do not find their exact correspondence in the real world. It is also clear that the solid body and the clock do not in the conceptual edifice of physics play the part of irreducible elements, but that of ...

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...dea of the measuring rod and the idea of the clock contained with it in the theory of relativity do not find their exact correspondence in the real ... ...on of Einstein's as reported by Rosser, p.398:[3] 7 The theory of relativity is often criticized for giving, without justificati... ...chooses for such a definition of time. It is advantageous, however, for the theory to choose only those processes concerning which we know something... ... will run faster there. Non sequitur. The upshot of all this is that the theory of relativity needs some heavy-duty reinterpreting. ... ...tive to the rocket’s starting point, g is the acceleration of the rocket as measured in a frame moving with the rocket and the parameter τ is the tim... ... measured in a frame moving with the rocket and the parameter τ is the time measured by a clock in the rocket. The units used in these equations are... ... (4) This indicates the that the fastest the rocket can go, as measured in the fixed frame, is one light year per year, or just the vel... ...s that the two observers, one at the start point and one in the rocket must measure the same relative velocity because neither knows which is moving... ... rocked drops a probe with a radar at that point and programs the probe to measure its speed by measuring the distance to passing asteroids and com...

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... actors may improvise for a better connection between the moduli and the integrity of the play. In order to test the reaction of the audience, to measure the flair of the critics for the illogicality of the play, and to determine the force of electricity in the thinking and power of adaptability to the environment to the unpropitious conditions of living (Darwin's theo...

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...ilizers and pesticides is analysed in chapter four using RTD matrices. Chapter five gives a method of minimization of SOx and NOx using fuzzy control theory in cement industries to reduce pollution....

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...In this chapter, we have used the fuzzy control method to find the correct measure of pressure and speed of kiln. Using data from Alathur cement industry, we have used mean of maximum method of fuzzy control with the data and we found the pressure and speed of kiln. Here the speed and pressure of ki...

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... Vascular Problem due to Chemical Pollution using RTD Matrices 77 4.3 Conclusion 93 Chapter Five MINIMIZATION OF SOX AND NOX USING FUZZY CONTROL THEORY IN CEMENT INDUSTRIES TO REDUCE POLLUTION 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Description of the Problem 97 5.3 Process Fates of Sulfur in Cement Kiln 98 5.4 Process Fates of Nitrogen in Cement Kiln 99 5.5 Process under Fu...

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...ng Winning and Sovereignty for the Information Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 John W. Bodnar PART 2 Academic Perspective: Theory and Research in Gauging Intent 5 Anthropological Reflections on Motive and Intent and the Strategic Multilayer Assessment Typology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Lawrence A. Kuznar 6 Psychology: Policy Makers a...

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...ical projects are related to other negations, such as of non-positivist ways of acquiring knowledge and investigating corruption and possible counter-measures. In a political project that is structured consistently according to the presuppositions and findings of positivist, rational choice inspired research, any other ways of looking at the world [...] can only be risky a...

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...is constructed 2 A post-Marxist discourse and hegemony theoretical approach to the analysis of international anticorruption discourse A theory of discourse – a theory of society Hegemonic strategy, stratagems and other discursive logics The IAC consensus from a post-Marxist discourse and hegemony theoretical perspective Delimiting and ana...

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...__ 22 ANTARCTICA ______ 22 THE EQUATOR (I) __ 22 THE EQUATOR (II) __ 23 DINNER ____________ 23 ARTESIAN WELL ___ 23 MARRIAGE ________ 23 MATCH THEORY ___ 23 OFFENDER _________ 23 STRUGGLE _________ 23 SMALL TALK _______ 23 COINCIDENCE ______ 24 REVENGE __________ 24 PREVENTION _______ 24 JAIL _______________ 24 SHREWD (I) ________ 24 SHREWD (II) ________ 24...

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...ILIZATION 152 4 WAR OR PACIFISM 152 THERE ARE NO ANSWERS 153 THINKING EFFECTIVELY155 HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT WE THINK WE KNOW? 155 EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 159 THEORY AS A START TO SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY 162 HISTORICAL EVIDENCE 163 EVOLUTION 171 ACCEPTING OUR KNOWLEDGE FROM AUTHORITY 176 PERSONAL EXPERIENCE 181 FAITH 182 REASON 184 BUT WE ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL BEINGS 185 THE PROCESS OF REAS...

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...st behave anti-socially. We‘ll come back to this kind of behavior later. ―So let‘s start our look at motivation with Freud. His classic theory... ... what will happen.‖ 9 —―But doesn‘t Russell‘s thinking refute his theory... ...red chemists gather to discuss the elements in water there is agreement that there are two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom. When physicists measur... ...he brain stem, the more primitive area at the top of the spinal column and some nearby areas. So it is conceivable that Freud's psycho-sexual theory... ...ay from their old beliefs? 28 ―When people reject the scientific theory... ...as slaves.‖ OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF POWER ―Advanced brain imagery seems to show levels of power and anger. Tests have been designed to measur... ... a positive way. Immigrants often love their adopted country far more than the native born citizens. The immigrants have standards by which to measur... ...dn‘t say ‗religion‘, so they labeled the religious factors that they wanted to include in their concept of health, as spiritual. But you can‘t measur... ... involve their audience. So calling a mental health criterion, which is measurable, a spiritual quality is not scientific. After all we can‘t measur...

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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D. Rabounski A Theory of Gravity Like Electrodynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...sova Gravitational Waves and Gravitational Inertial Waves in the Gen- eral Theory of Relativity: A Theory and Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...i, L. Borissova, F. Smarandache Quantum Causality Threshold in the General Theory of Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...d until it has been demonstrated that this is truly required by Einstein’s theory. Mere assumption is not permissible. 2 The basic geometry of the sim... ...the point-mass and passing through a spacetime event. Its circumference is measured atχ. Dividingχ by 2π gives, χ 2π = p C n (D(r)). Putting χ 2π = p ... ...me dτ= 1 c b α dx α = 1− w c 2 dt− 1 c 2 v i dx i he observes. For his measurements in the same spatial point, in other words, along the same time... ...m 2 per 1 second. The numerical value of this constant μ can be found from measurements of the wave pressure of a time density feld, see formula (101)... ...and Lifshitz. “The numerical value of a depends on the choice of units for measurement of the feld. . . . From now on we shall use the Gaussian system... ... Of course this is a crude supposition, based on the pre- cision limits of measurement. Anyhow, the exact numerical value of the energy-momentum const...

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...Kabbalah and Science ...............................................56 Quantum Theory ................................................................... ....................................................70 The Credibility of Quantum Theory .......................................79 Part II: The Essence o... ... Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687), Isaac Newton (1642-1727) proposed a theory of mechan- ics that would let us calculate the change in the mot... ...motion of any body when influenced by a given force. The success of Newton’s theory presented a whole new worldview. Newton’s deterministic viewpoi... ...our perception. Everyone believed that humanity had discov- ered the necessary measures to know the world as it really was. In the late 1800s, it seem... ... as Quantum Theory. This spurred an ongoing revolution in physics whereby all measurements yielded only ap- proximate, quantitative results, probabil... ...bserver affects the ob- served event. Hence, the key question is, “What do the measure- ments actually measure?” This principle implies that the conce... ...e concept of an “objective process” becomes irrelevant. Moreover, beyond the measured results, an “objective reality” simply cannot exist. The disco... ...uch a state, the words existent or nonexistent mean the same because we only measure changes. When there are no changes, there is nothing to measur...

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...tates of America APRIL 2005 VOLUME 1 CONTENTS D. Rabounski A New Method to Measure the Speed of Gravitation. . . . . . . . . . . . 3 F. Smarandache Qu... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 L. Nottale Fractality Field in the Theory of Scale Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 L. Borisso... ... . . . . . . . . . . . 20 C. Castro, M. Pavˇ siˇ c The Extended Relativity Theory in Clifford Spaces.. . . . .31 K. Dombrowski Rational Numbers Distri... ...ivate donations. April, 2005 PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Volume 1 A New Method to Measure the Speed of Gravitation Dmitri Rabounski E-mail: rabounski@yahoo.c... ...cted by gravitational potential. The approach leads to a new experiment to measure the speed of gravitation, which, using “detectors” such as planets ... ...been technically decisive until now, because of problems with precision of measurement and other technical problems [3] and some purely theoretical pr... ...approach has inherent drawbacks, as follows: D. Rabounski. A New Method to Measure the Speed of Gravitation 3 Volume 1 PROGRESS IN PHYSICS April, 200... ...nal, the detec- tor reacts to a wave of the metric in accordance with this theory. Therefore it is concluded that quadrupole mass detectors would be t... ... of chronometric invariants (physical observable quantities in the General Theory of Relativity) defnes gravitational inertial force F i without the R...

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...ngular disk is Euclidean, and concepts such as line segments, length, and angle measure will remain intact. We will join pairs of triangles by ide... ... s-line passing through a vertex will sometimes be referred to as singular. The measure of the two equal angles depends on the number of triangular d... ... that vertex. Figure 7. A deformed hyperbolic star: both angles ∠AOB have measure 210º. A vertex with seven (equilateral) triangular disks a... ...form two 210º angles, as in Figure 7. Here, both angles designated as ∠AOB have measure 210º. This is how we will extend the concept of a straight a... ...e will form two 13 150º angles, as in Figure 9, and so both angles ∠AOB have measure 150º. As in hyperbolic stars, this is how we extend the conc... ...ications, Inc. (Original work published 1912.) 4. Born, M. (1962). Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (Revised ed.). New York: Dover Publications, In... ...tion3.1.html. 8. Einstein, A. (1961). Relativity: the special and the general theory (R.W. Lawson, Trans.). New York: Three Rivers Press. 9. Eu... ... Press. 20. Stillwell, J. (1993). Classical Topology and Combinatorial Group Theory. New York: Springer-Verlag. 21. Weeks, J.R. (1985). The Sh...

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...s, all the ideas in this book are buil from relativity to psychology and M-Theory to quantum physics – they are just taken that littl bit further, th... ...nck length: 10 to the power of minus 35 metres. The extra dimensional theory became known as Kaluza-Klein Theory. -----------------------... ...3. Curled U Unfortunately, at the time of its initial tum quantum theory was reasonably firmly 4, String Theory entered the fray. cists ... ...he fray. cists have been ld suggestion, quantum mechanics and quan field theory burst onto the scene, and the extra dimensional idea was put firml... ...total mass of the original atom. Thus, mass is not quite the immutable measure of quantity of matter that it was in Newtonian physics, being pa... ...ctor comes in. This is essentially a Minkowskian geometrical object which measures the inter- conversion of energy (hence mass) of an object and it... ...nificant momentum detracts from the amount of observed energy (hence mass) measured on the vertical axis. The faster the object goes, the less ener... ... spread out over large regions of space until we happen to take a position measurement, a strange scenario indeed, unless this is viewed from the p... ...er, the photon will be detected at only one or the other. By taking a measurement, we have effectively collapsed the wavefunction, or the state...

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...ography IV. Appendix – The Keynesian view of Unemployment, Stabilization Theory and Full Employment Budgeting V. Appendix – Unemployment throughout... ...y according to age, other (non- wage) income and skills. Administrative Measures: Early Retirement Macedonia must allow the employer to encourag... ...(63 – 65) – LIKE EVERY OTHER PENSIONER. NOT RECOMMENDED Administrative Measures: Reduction of Working Hours Another classic administrative mea... ...spite its obvious (though false) allure. NOT RECOMMENDED Administrative Measures: Public Works All the medically capable unemployed should be c... ... endorsements should, therefore, be strictly observed. Administrative Measures: Public Education and Dissemination of Information – The Function... ...search has demonstrated the impotence and inefficacy of half hearted half measures. Some hesitant steps have been adopted by the governments of Germ... ...uctivity, Comparative advantage and Economic Growth”, Journal of Economic Theory 58, 1992 17. “Deindustrialization”, World Economic Outlook, April 1... ... Appendix – The Keynesian view of Unemployment, Stabilization Theory and Full Employment Budgeting (From The Encyclopedia Britannica 1... ...ake the excess demand for commodities effective. The traditional economic theory would postulate that, when actual output is kept at a level below t...