Asian Games
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Official logo of the Games
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Games
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Sports (details)
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The Asian Games, also known as Asiad, is a Pancontinental Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), after the breakup of the Asian Games Federation.[1] The Games are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games.[2][3]
In its history, nine nations have hosted the Asian Games. Forty-six nations have participated in the Games, including Israel, which was excluded from the Games after their last participation in 1974.
The last Games was held in Incheon, South Korea from 19 September to 4 October 2014.
Contents
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History 1
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Prior formation 1.1
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Formation 1.2
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Crisis, reorganization, expansion 1.3
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Future changes 1.4
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Symbols 2
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Participation 3
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Sports 4
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Medal count 5
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Samsung MVP award 6
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Editions 7
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Centennial Festival 8
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See also 9
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References 10
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External links 11
History
Prior formation
Before the Asian Games were held, a gathering known as the Far Eastern Games existed which was first mooted in 1912 at a location set between the Empire of Japan, the Philippine Islands, and China. The Far Eastern Games were first held in Manila in 1913. Ten more Far Eastern Games were held until 1934. Against the backdrop of the second Sino-Japanese War in 1934, in the face of Japan's insistence on including Manchu Empire as a competitor nation in the Games, China announced its withdrawal from participation. Consequently, the Far Eastern Games scheduled for 1938 were cancelled. The organization was ultimately discontinued
Formation
After World War II, a number of Asian countries became independent. Many of the newly independent Asian countries desired the formation of a new type of competition whereby Asian dominance was not expressed through violence, but instead strengthened through mutual understanding. During the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, a conversation between sportsmen from China and the Philippines raised the idea of restoring the Far Eastern Games. However, Guru Dutt Sondhi, the Indian International Olympic Committee representative, did not believe that restoration of the Far Eastern Games would sufficiently display the spirit of unity and level of achievement taking place in Asian sports. As a result, he proposed to sports leaders the idea of having a wholly new competition - which came to be the Asian Games. This led to an agreement to form the Asian Athletic Federation. A preparatory committee was then set up to draft the charter for this new body. On 13 February 1949, the Asian Athletic Federation was formally inaugurated in New Delhi, alongside the name Asian Games Federation, with New Delhi announced as the first host city of the Asian Games which were scheduled to be held in 1950.[4][5]
Crisis, reorganization, expansion
Starting in 1962, the Games were hit by several crises. First, the host country Indonesia, refused to permit the participation of Israel and the Republic of China due to political and religious issues. As a result, the IOC removed its sponsorship of the Games and terminated Indonesia as one of the IOC members.[6] The Asian Football Confederation (AFC),[7] International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) and International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), also removed their recognition of the Games.[8][9]
In 1970, South Korea dropped its plan to host the Games allegedly due to national security crisis, however the main reason was due to financial crisis, forcing the previous host Thailand to administer the Games again in Bangkok using funds transferred from South Korea.[10] Prior to the Games, Japan was asked to host the Games, but declined due to Expo '70 in Osaka.[11] This edition also marked the first time the Games have a television broadcasting throughout the world.[12] In 1974, the Games formally recognized the participation of China, North Korea and Mongolia. Israel was allowed to participate despite the opposition from Arab world, while Taiwan was permitted to take part despite its status was abolished in general meeting on 16 November 1973 by Games Federation.[13]
The last is 1978, Pakistan dropped its plan to host the Games in 1975 due to financial crisis and political issues.[14] Thailand offered to help and the Games were once again held in Bangkok. However, once again, like in 1962, Taiwan and Israel were refused the participation by Games Federation, amid political issues and security fears.[15] Several governing bodies protested against the ban, like IAAF, threatened to bar the participating players from 1980 Summer Olympics,[16] this caused several teams to withdraw prior to the Games.[17]
Following this series of crises, the National Olympic Committee in Asia decided to revise the constitution of the Asian Games Federation. A new association, named the Olympic Council of Asia, was created in November 1981 with the exclusion of Israel.[18] India was already scheduled to host the 1982 Games and the OCA decided not to drop the old AGF timetable. The OCA formally supervised the Games starting with the 1986 Asian Games in South Korea.[19] In the succeeding Games, Taiwan (Republic of China) was re-admitted, but was forced by the People's Republic of China to compete under the name Chinese Taipei.[20]
In 1994, the Games included the former republics of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan for the first time. It was also the first time that the Games had been held outside the capital city of the host country.[21] However, Iraq was suspended from the Games due to the Persian Gulf War in 1990, while North Korea boycotted the Games due to political issues. It was also marred by the death of Nepalese delegation Nareshkumar Adhikari during the Games' opening ceremony.[22] The 1998 Games marked the fourth time the Games had been held in Bangkok, Thailand. The fourth opening ceremony occurred on 6 December, compared to 9 December for the previous 3. All four games were opened by H.M.King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The date of the closing ceremony remained as 20 December for all 4 games hosted by Thailand.
Future changes
The number of competition events is scheduled to shrink down to just 36 sports at the 2014 Games to be held in Incheon, South Korea. 2014 will also see the last Games hosted in an even-numbered year, as the Olympic Council of Asia pushed the subsequent Games to just one year ahead of the Olympic Games. This means the 18th Asian Games which were originally planned for 2018 will be pushed to 2019. However, due to the choice of Jakarta, Indonesia as the host city of the 18th Games, the plan to hold the event in the year 2019 was changed back to 2018 because in 2019, Indonesia will be preoccupied by presidential election. The Olympic Council of Asia is currently in discuss concerning the 19th Asian Games, whether it will be held in 2022 or 2023.
Symbols
Similar to the Olympic Games, the Olympic Council of Asia also uses symbols to represent the ideals of the Asian Games, namely:
Participation
All 45 members affiliated to the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) are eligible to take part in the Games. In history, 46 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) have sent competitors to the Games. incident in 1972 Summer Olympics.[24] Israel is now a member of the European Olympic Committees (EOC).
Due to its continuing ambiguous political status, Taiwan has participated in the Games under the flag of Chinese Taipei since 1990. Macau is allowed to compete as one of the NOCs in Asian Games, despite not being recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for participation in the Olympic Games.
In 2007, the President of OCA, Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah, rejected the proposal to allow Australia to participate in the Games. He stated that while Australia would add good value to the Asian Games, it would be unfair to the other NOCs in Oceania.[25]
Only seven countries, namely India, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Thailand have competed in all editions of the games.
Sports
Forty-four sports were presented in Asian Games history, including 2010 Games in Guangzhou.
Medal count
Of the 46 National Olympic Committees participating throughout the history of the Games, 43 nations have won at least a single medal in the competition, leaving three nations: Bhutan, Maldives and Timor-Leste yet to win a single medal. 37 nations have won at least one gold medal (only Japan and India have done so at every Asian Games), while Japan and China became the only two nations in history to emerge as overall champions.
[26]
Samsung MVP award
Samsung introduced the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in Asian Games beginning in the 1998 Games in Bangkok, Thailand. Below is the list of winners:
Editions
Host countries of the games through 2019. Red spot denotes the city of the Games.
Year
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Games
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Host
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Dates
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Nations
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Athletes
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Sports
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Events
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Ref
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1951
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I
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New Delhi, India
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4–11 March
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11
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489
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6
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57
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[31]
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1954
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II
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Manila, Philippines
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1–9 May
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19
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970
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8
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76
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[32]
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1958
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III
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Tokyo, Japan
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24 May – 1 June
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16
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1,820
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13
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97
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[33]
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1962
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IV
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Jakarta, Indonesia
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24 August – 4 September
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12
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1,460
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13
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120
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[34]
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1966
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V
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Bangkok, Thailand
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9–20 December
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16
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1,945
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14
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143
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[35]
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1970
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VI
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Bangkok, Thailand
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24 August – 4 September
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16
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2,400
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13
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135
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[36]
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1974
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VII
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Tehran, Iran
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1–16 September
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19
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3,010
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16
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202
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[37]
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1978
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VIII
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Bangkok, Thailand
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9–20 December
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19
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3,842
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19
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201
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[38]
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1982
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IX
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New Delhi, India
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19 November – 4 December
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33
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3,411
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21
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199
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[39]
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1986
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X
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Seoul, South Korea
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20 September – 5 October
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27
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4,839
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25
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270
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[40]
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1990
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XI
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Beijing, China
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22 September – 7 October
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36
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6,122
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29
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310
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[41]
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1994
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XII
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Hiroshima, Japan
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2–16 October
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42
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6,828
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34
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337
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[42]
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1998
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XIII
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Bangkok, Thailand
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6–20 December
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41
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6,554
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36
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376
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[43]
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2002
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XIV
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Busan, South Korea
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29 September – 14 October
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44
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7,711
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38
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419
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[44]
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2006
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XV
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Doha, Qatar
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1–15 December
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45
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9,520
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39
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424
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[45]
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2010
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XVI
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Guangzhou, China
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12–27 November
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45
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9,704
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42
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476
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[46]
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2014
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XVII
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Incheon, South Korea
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19 September – 4 October
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45
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9,501
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36
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439
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[47]
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2018
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XVIII
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Jakarta, Indonesia
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Future event
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Centennial Festival
On 8 November 2012, the OCA decided at its 31st General Assembly in Macau to create a special multi-sport event called Asian Games Centennial Festival in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Oriental Games (later became Far Eastern Championship Games).[48] OCA awarded the Philippines the hosting rights as it was the same host 100 years ago. The event was originally scheduled to be held in Boracay Island, Malay, Aklan on 27 to 29 November 2013 but due to the events it was moved to January 2014.[49][50]
See also
References
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^ "OCA History". OCA. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
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^ "Asian Games Taps Three-Time Olympic Sportscaster For New Sports Radio Talk Show". Sports Biz Asia. 8 February 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
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^ "Fully renovated basketball arena ready for Asian Games". Sports City. 22 July 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
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^ "亚运会是从什么时候开始举办的,每几年举办一次?". wangchao.org. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
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^ "亚运会的前世今生:前身远东运动会 中国成绩优异". Sina. 4 August 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
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^ "Track: Asian Games Dropped By Olympics". Daytona Beach. 23 August 1962. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
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^ "第4届 1962年雅加达亚运会". data.sports.163.com. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
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^ "Penalty Dealt to Indonesia". Spokane Daily Chronicles. 13 September 1962. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
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^ "Warning". The Age. 30 August 1962. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
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^ "第六届 1970年曼谷亚运会". Data.sports.163.com. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "Thailand’s Sporting Spirit". Pattaya Mail Sports. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "第六届 1970年曼谷亚运会". data.sports.163. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "第七届 1974年德黑兰亚运会". data.sports.163.com. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "第8届 1978年曼谷亚运会". Data.sports.163.com. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "Asian Games Federation says no to Israel". Anchorage Daily News. 3 June 1978. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "New Israeli rejection forces Asian athletes to risk Olympic hope". The Montreal Gazette. 22 November 1978. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "Indonesia, Hong Kong protest ban on Israel". St. Petersburg Times. 4 December 1978. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "Israelis facing Asian ban". Ottawa Citizen. 10 December 1981. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "Olympics". The Montreal Gazette. 28 November 1981. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "China welcomes Taiwan's AG trip". Manila Standard. 16 July 1988. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "第12届 1994年广岛亚运会". data.sports.163.com. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "Let the Games Begin". New Straits Times. 3 October 1994. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
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^ "Asian Games ban Israel". St. Petersburg Times. 26 July 1976. Retrieved 29 July 2007.
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^ "Israel not invited to Asian Games". Lakeland Ledger. 26 May 1982. Retrieved 29 July 2007.
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^ "No place for Australia in Asian Games". The Times of India. 17 April 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
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^ http://www.ocasia.org/game/NocsMedalCount.aspx?9QoyD9QEWPeJ2ChZBk5tvA==
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^ a b "Outstanding Japanese athletes in Asian Games". gz2010.cn. 21 January 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
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^ "S Korean Swimmer Park Named MVP". China.org.cn. 16 December 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
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^ "Lin Dan voted Asian Games MVP". Jakarta Post. 28 November 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
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^ "Samsung MVP Award: 2014 MVP is Kosuke Hagino of Japan". The Korea Herald. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
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^ "1st AG New Delhi 1951". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "2nd AG Manila 1954". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "3rd AG Tokyo 1958". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "4th AG Jakarta 1962". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "5th AG Bangkok 1966". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "6th Asian Games Bangkok 1970". OCA. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
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^ "7th AG Tehran 1974". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "8th AG Bangkok 1978". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "9th AG New Delhi 1982". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "10th AG Seoul 1986". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "11th AG Beijing 1990". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "12th AG Hiroshima 1994". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "13th AG Bangkok 1998". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "14th AG Busan 2002". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "15th AG Doha 2006". OCA. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
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^ "16th AG Guangzhou 2010". OCA. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
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^ "17th AG Incheon 2014". OCA. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
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^ "OCA General Assembly opens in Macau". OCA. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
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^ "Philippines to host 2013 Centennial Asian Games". Inquirer Sports. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
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^ http://www.2013agcef.com.ph
External links
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