10th United States Congress

10th United States Congress


9th ←	→ 11th
United States Capitol (1800)
Duration: March 4, 1807 – March 4, 1809

Senate President:	George Clinton
Senate Pres. pro tem:	Samuel Smith Stephen R. Bradley John Milledge
House Speaker:	Joseph Bradley Varnum
Members:	34 Senators 142 Representatives 3 Non-voting members
Senate Majority:	Democratic-Republican
House Majority:	Democratic-Republican

Sessions
1st: October 26, 1807 – April 25, 1808 2nd: November 7, 1808 – March 3, 1809

The Tenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.

1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Territories organized
4 Party summary
- 4.1 Senate
- 4.2 House of Representatives
5 Leadership
- 5.1 Senate
- 5.2 House of Representatives
6 Members
- 6.1 Senate
- 6.2 House of Representatives
7 Changes in membership
- 7.1 Senate
- 7.2 House of Representatives
8 Employees
- 8.1 Senate
- 8.2 House of Representatives
9 References
10 External links

Major events

May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship HMS Leopard (1790) captured and boarded the USS Chesapeake (1799).
August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned

President of the Senate George Clinton

President pro tempore
Stephen R. Bradley

Speaker of the House
Joseph B. Varnum

Major legislation

December 22, 1807: Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5,
March 1, 1809: Non-Intercourse Act, ch. 24,

Territories organized

March 1, 1809: Indiana Territory

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

George Clinton (DR)
President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR), elected April 16, 1808
- Stephen R. Bradley (DR), elected December 28, 1808
- John Milledge (DR), elected January 30, 1809

House of Representatives

Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 Senators' terms ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1808; Class 2 Senators' terms began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1810; and Class 3 Senators' terms began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1812.

Connecticut

1. James Hillhouse (F)
3. Uriah Tracy (F), died July 19, 1807
- Chauncey Goodrich (F), from October 25, 1807

Delaware

1. Samuel White (F)
2. James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia

2. Abraham Baldwin (DR), until March 4, 1807
- George Jones (DR), August 27, 1807 – November 7, 1807
- William H. Crawford (DR), from November 7, 1807
3. John Milledge (DR)

Kentucky

2. Buckner Thruston (DR)
3. John Pope (DR)

Maryland

1. Samuel Smith (DR)
3. Philip Reed (DR)

Massachusetts

2. Timothy Pickering (F)
1. John Quincy Adams (F), until June 8, 1808
- James Lloyd (F), from June 9, 1808

Ohio

1. John Smith (DR), until April 25, 1808
- Return J. Meigs, Jr. (DR), from December 12, 1808
3. Edward Tiffin (DR)

Pennsylvania

1. Samuel Maclay (DR), until January 4, 1809
- Michael Leib (DR), from January 9, 1809
3. Andrew Gregg (DR)

Rhode Island

1. Benjamin Howland (DR)
2. James Fenner (DR), until September 1807
- Elisha Mathewson (DR), from October 26, 1807

South Carolina

2. Thomas Sumter (DR)
3. John Gaillard (DR)

Tennessee

1. Joseph Anderson (DR)
2. Daniel Smith (DR)

Vermont

3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR)
1. Israel Smith (DR), until October 1, 1807
- Jonathan Robinson (DR), from October 10, 1807

Virginia

2. William B. Giles (DR)
1. Andrew Moore (DR)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Delaware

At-large. Nicholas Van Dyke (F), from October 6, 1807

Georgia

Kentucky

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

Massachusetts

1. Josiah Quincy (F)
2. Jacob Crowninshield (DR), until April 15, 1808
- Joseph Story (DR), from May 23, 1808
3. Edward St. Loe Livermore (F)
4. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
5. William Ely (F)
6. Samuel Taggart (F)
7. Joseph Barker (DR)
8. Isaiah L. Green (DR)
9. Josiah Dean (DR)
10. Jabez Upham (F)
11. William Stedman (F)
12. Barnabas Bidwell (DR), until July 13, 1807
- Ezekiel Bacon (DR), from September 16, 1807
13. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
14. Richard Cutts (DR)
15. Daniel Ilsley (DR)
16. Orchard Cook (DR)
17. John Chandler (DR)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

New Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

At-large. Ezra Darby (DR), until January 27, 1808
- Adam Boyd (DR), from March 8, 1808
At-large. William Helms (DR)
At-large. John Lambert (DR)
At-large. Thomas Newbold (DR)
At-large. James Sloan (DR)
At-large. Henry Southard (DR)

New York

1. Samuel Riker (DR)
2. and 3. Joint district with two seats: Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)
George Clinton, Jr. (DR)
4. Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)
5. John Blake, Jr. (DR)
6. Daniel C. Verplanck (DR)
7. Barent Gardenier (F)
8. James I. Van Alen (DR)
9. Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)
10. Josiah Masters (DR)
11. John Thompson (DR)
12. David Thomas (DR), until February 17, 1808
- Nathan Wilson (DR), from November 7, 1808
13. Peter Swart (DR)
14. John Russell (DR)
15. William Kirkpatrick (DR)
16. Reuben Humphrey (DR)
17. John Harris (DR)

North Carolina

1. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
2. Willis Alston (DR)
3. Thomas Blount (DR)
4. William Blackledge (DR)
5. Thomas Kenan (DR)
6. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
7. John Culpepper (F), until January 2, 1808, and then from February 23, 1808
8. Richard Stanford (DR)
9. Marmaduke Williams (DR)
10. Evan S. Alexander (DR)
11. James Holland (DR)
12. Meshack Franklin (DR)

Ohio

At-large. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.

1. Joseph Clay (DR), until March 28, 1808
- Benjamin Say (DR), from November 16, 1808
1. John Porter (DR)
1. Jacob Richards (DR)
2. Robert Brown (DR)
2. William Milnor (F)
2. John Pugh (DR)
3. John Hiester (DR)
3. Robert Jenkins (F)
3. Matthias Richards (DR)
4. David Bard (DR)
4. Robert Whitehill (DR)
5. Daniel Montgomery, Jr. (DR)
6. James Kelly (F)
7. John Rea (DR)
8. William Findley (DR)
9. John Smilie (DR)
10. William Hoge (DR)
11. Samuel Smith (DR)

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

At-large. Nehemiah Knight (DR), until June 13, 1808
- Richard Jackson, Jr. (F), from November 11, 1808
At-large. Isaac Wilbour (DR)

South Carolina

1. Robert Marion (DR)
2. William Butler, Sr. (DR)
3. David R. Williams (DR)
4. John Taylor (DR)
5. Richard Winn (DR)
6. Joseph Calhoun (DR), from June 2, 1807
7. Thomas Moore (DR)
8. Lemuel J. Alston (DR)

Tennessee

Vermont

1. James Witherell (DR), until May 1, 1808
- Samuel Shaw (DR), from September 6, 1808
2. James Elliott (DR)
3. James Fisk (DR)
4. Martin Chittenden (F)

Virginia

1. John G. Jackson (DR)
2. John Morrow (DR)
3. John Smith (DR)
4. David Holmes (DR)
5. Alexander Wilson (DR)
6. Abram Trigg (DR)
7. Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F)
8. Walter Jones (DR)
9. John Love (DR)
10. John Dawson (DR)
11. James M. Garnett (DR)
12. Burwell Bassett (DR)
13. William A. Burwell (DR)
14. Matthew Clay (DR)
15. John Randolph (DR)
16. John W. Eppes (DR)
17. John Claiborne (DR), until October 9, 1808
- Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR), from November 7, 1808
18. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
19. Edwin Gray (DR)
20. Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
21. Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)
22. John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

Indiana Territory. Benjamin Parke, until March 1, 1808
- Jesse B. Thomas, from October 22, 1808
George Poindexter
Orleans Territory. Daniel Clark

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change.

State (class)	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Georgia (2)	Abraham Baldwin (DR)	Died March 4, 1807. Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term.	George Jones (DR)	August 27, 1807
Connecticut (3)	Uriah Tracy (F)	Died July 19, 1807. Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term.	Chauncey Goodrich (F)	October 25, 1807
Rhode Island (2)	James Fenner (DR)	Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island. Successor elected to finish the term.	Elisha Mathewson (DR)	October 26, 1807
Vermont (1)	Israel Smith (DR)	Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont. Successor elected to finish the term.	Jonathan Robinson (DR)	October 10, 1807
Georgia (2)	George Jones (DR)	Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee.	William H. Crawford (DR)	November 7, 1807
Ohio (1)	John Smith (DR)	Resigned April 25, 1808. Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809.	Return J. Meigs, Jr. (DR)	December 12, 1808
Massachusetts (1)	John Quincy Adams (F)	Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term. Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.	James Lloyd (F)	June 9, 1808
Pennsylvania (1)	Samuel Maclay (DR)	Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election. Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.	Michael Leib (DR)	January 9, 1809

House of Representatives

Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date successor seated
South Carolina 6th	Vacant	Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress	Joseph Calhoun (DR)	Seated June 2, 1807
Delaware At-large	Vacant	James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress	Nicholas Van Dyke (F)	Seated October 6, 1807
Massachusetts 12th	Barnabas Bidwell (DR)	Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming Attorney General of Massachusetts	Ezekiel Bacon (DR)	Seated September 16, 1807
North Carolina 7th	John Culpepper (F)	Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808	John Culpepper (F)	Seated February 23, 1808
New Jersey At-large	Ezra Darby (DR)	Died January 27, 1808	Adam Boyd (DR)	Seated March 8, 1808
Indiana Territory At-large	Benjamin Parke	Resigned March 1, 1808	Jesse B. Thomas	October 22, 1808
Pennsylvania 1st	Joseph Clay (DR)	Resigned March 28, 1808	Benjamin Say (DR)	Seated November 16, 1808
Massachusetts 2nd	Jacob Crowninshield (DR)	Died April 15, 1808	Joseph Story (DR)	Seated May 23, 1808
New York 12th	David Thomas (DR)	Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer	Nathan Wilson (DR)	November 7, 1808
Vermont 1st	James Witherell (DR)	Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory	Samuel Shaw (DR)	Seated September 6, 1808
Rhode Island At-large	Nehemiah Knight (DR)	Died June 13, 1808	Richard Jackson, Jr. (F)	Seated November 11, 1808
Virginia 17th	John Claiborne (DR)	Died October 9, 1808	Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR)	Seated November 7, 1808