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The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) selection of films for Preservation (library and archival science) in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992, 1996, 2005, and again in October 2008.[1][2][3] The 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector.[4]
The NFPB adds to the NFR up to 25 "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant films" each year, showcasing the range and diversity of American film heritage to increase awareness for its preservation.[5] To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old.[6] For the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion. The ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection.[5][7] Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB and Librarian to consider.[8]
"Taken together, the ... films in the National Film Registry represent a stunning range of American filmmaking—including Hollywood features, documentaries, avant-garde and amateur productions, films of regional interest, ethnic, animated, and short film subjects—all deserving recognition, preservation and access by future generations. As we begin this new millennium, the registry stands among the finest summations of American cinema's wondrous first century."
The NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been theatrically released. The Registry contains newsreels, silent films, experimental films, short films, films out of copyright protection, film serials, home films, documentaries, independent films, television films, and music videos. As of the 2013 listing, there are 625 films preserved in the Registry.[9]
Currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete (1891), and the most recent is Decasia (2002). Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each (as the NFR does) by year of completion, the year with the most films selected is 1939, with 18 films from that year chosen for preservation. The time between a film's debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years; Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891 and selected for preservation in 2010. The shortest span is the minimum 10 years; this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, and Fargo.
^ I Parts 1–5, 7, and 10 ^ II A serial of thirteen short films ^ III A serial of eight short films ^ IV A serial of seven short films ^ V Not released until 1952 ^ VI A serial of twenty-one short films ^ VII A serial of fourteen short films ^ VIII A serial of twenty short films ^ IX A serial of seven feature films
Television in the United States, United States, Thomas Edison, Warner Bros., Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Charlie Chaplin, D. W. Griffith, The Birth of a Nation, Animation, The Jazz Singer
Randy Newman, Toy Story 2, Steve Jobs, Pixar, Andrew Stanton
Judy Garland, Victor Fleming, L. Frank Baum, Over the Rainbow, Liza Minnelli
Internet Archive, Soviet Union, Internet Movie Database, Frank Capra, Public domain
Abraham Lincoln, American Civil War, Woodrow Wilson, D. W. Griffith, Thomas Dixon, Jr.
Film noir, Warner Bros., John Huston, Dashiell Hammett, Humphrey Bogart
John Huston, Marilyn Monroe, Academy Awards, Rotten Tomatoes, Sterling Hayden
Billy Wilder, Palme d'Or, Dardenne brothers, Francis Ford Coppola, Ray Milland