Oneida County, New York

Oneida County, New York
Oneida County Courthouse
Location in the state of New York
New York's location in the U.S.
Founded	1798
Named for	Oneida people
Seat	Utica
Largest city	Utica
Area
• Total	1,257 sq mi (3,256 km2)
• Land	1,213 sq mi (3,142 km2)
• Water	44 sq mi (114 km2), 3.53%
Population
• (2010)	234,878
• Density	193/sq mi (74.7/km²)
Congressional district	22nd
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Website	.netocgov

Oneida County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 234,878.^[1] The county seat is Utica.^[2] The name is in honor of the Oneida, an Iroquoian tribe that lives in the region.

Oneida County is part of the Utica-Rome, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

When counties were established in New York State in 1683, the present Oneida County was part of Albany County. This was an enormous county, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present state of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766 by the creation of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770 by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now in Vermont.

On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County. One of the other pieces, Tryon County, contained the western portion (and thus, since no western boundary was specified, theoretically still extended west to the Pacific). The eastern boundary of Tryon County was approximately five miles west of the present city of Schenectady, and the county included the western part of the Adirondack Mountains and the area west of the West Branch of the Delaware River. The area then designated as Tryon County now includes 37 counties of New York State. The county was named for William Tryon, colonial governor of New York.

During and after the Revolution, most of the Loyalists in Tryon County fled to Canada. In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, the name of Tryon County was changed to Montgomery County to honor the general, Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died attempting to capture the city of Quebec, replacing the name of the hated British governor.

In 1789, the size of Montgomery County was reduced by the splitting off of Ontario County from Montgomery. The actual area split off from Montgomery County was much larger than the present county, also including the present Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Orleans, Steuben, Wyoming, Yates, and part of Schuyler and Wayne Counties.

In 1791, Herkimer County was one of three counties split off from Montgomery (the other two being Otsego, and Tioga County). This was much larger than the present county, however, and was reduced by a number of subsequent splits.

In 1794, Herkimer County was reduced in size by the splitting off of Onondaga County. This county was larger than the current Onondaga County, including the present Cayuga, Cortland, and part of Oswego Counties.

In 1798, Oneida County was created from a part of Herkimer County. This county was larger than the current Oneida County, including the present Jefferson, Lewis, and part of Oswego Counties.

In 1805, Jefferson and Lewis Counties were split off from Oneida.

In 1816, parts of Oneida and Onondaga Counties were taken to form the new Oswego County.

In 1848, John Humphrey Noyes founded a religious and Utopian community, the Oneida Community, near Oneida. Its unconventional views on religion and relations between the sexes led to much controversy. The community lasted until 1881.

Geography

Oneida County is in the central portion of New York State, east of Syracuse, and west of Albany. Oneida Lake is on the northwestern corner of the county, and the Adirondack Park is on the northeast. Part of the Tug Hill Plateau is in the northern part of the county. Interestingly, Oneida County's highest point does not lie on either the plateau nor in the Adirondack Park, but in the county's southern extremity. The peak's name is Tassel Hill. It is located slightly southeast of Hardscrabble Road (Tassel Hill Road), between the villages of Waterville and Cassville.

The Erie Canal bisects the county. Oneida Lake and Oneida Creek form part of the western boundary.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,257 square miles (3,256 km²), of which 1,213 square miles (3,141 km²) is land and 44 square miles (115 km²) (3.53%) is water.^[3]

Currently, it is the only county in New York state with a known presence of Chronic wasting disease amongst wild White-tailed deer.^[4]

Adjacent counties

• Lewis County, New York - north
• Herkimer County, New York - east
• Otsego County, New York - southeast
• Madison County, New York - southwest
• Oswego County, New York - west

National protected area

• Fort Stanwix National Monument

Economy

Once, the main product of Oneida County was silverware, chiefly manufactured at Oneida Ltd.'s headquarters in Sherrill. In January 2005, the company ceased manufacturing their product, closing its main plant and selling its assets.

Currently the largest non-governmental, non-healthcare product of Oneida County is gambling. Turning Stone Casino Resort is an enterprise of the Oneida Indian Nation of New York, and the largest private employer in Oneida County. [1]

Demographics

As of the census^[6] of 2000, there were 235,469 people, 90,496 households, and 59,184 families residing in the county. The population density was 194 people per square mile (75/km²). There were 102,803 housing units at an average density of 85 per square mile (33/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 90.21% White, 5.74% African American, 0.23% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.11% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.20% of the population. 21.7% were of Italian, 13.1% Irish, 12.1% German, 9.9% Polish, 8.5% English and 5.6% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 90.6% spoke English, 2.7% Spanish, 1.3% Italian, 1.2% Serbo-Croatian and 1.1% Polish as their first language.

There were 90,496 households out of which 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.10% were married couples living together, 12.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.60% were non-families. 29.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the county the population was spread out with 23.90% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 28.20% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 16.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,909, and the median income for a family was $45,341. Males had a median income of $32,194 versus $24,295 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,516. About 9.80% of families and 13.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.90% of those under age 18 and 8.50% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics

Oneida County was governed by a board of supervisors until 1962, when the county charter was changed to create a county executive and a 29-seat county legislature. The county executive is elected by the entire county. All 29 members of the legislature are elected from single member districts. Currently, there are 16 Republicans and 13 Democrats. Effective January 1, 2014, the Oneida County Legislature will be reduced to 23 seats.

Oneida County also leans Republican in major statewide and national elections. In 2008, John McCain won the county by 6,000 votes out of 90,000 cast. He won all municipalities in the county except the city of Utica and the town of Kirkland.

Communities

=> designations in parentheses show official level of government.

County information

Educational institutions

• Hamilton College
• Mohawk Valley Community College
• State University of New York Polytechnic Institute
• Utica College

Notable locations

• Steuben Memorial State Historic Site
• Oriskany Battlefield State Historic Site
• Fort Stanwix

See also

• List of counties in New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Oneida County, New York
• Oneida, New York, a city in Madison County
• Oneida Community, a former religious community

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2013. 
2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
3. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990".  
4. ^ Chronic Wasting Disease. Cwd-info.org. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
5. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved October 12, 2013. 
6. ^ "American FactFinder".  

• Oneida County, New York official site
• Oneida County Information
• Oneida County town histories
• Oneida County at DMOZ
• Summary history of Oneida County

		Lewis County
	Oswego County		Herkimer County
		Oneida County
	Madison County		Otsego County

Municipalities and communities of Oneida County, New York, United States County seat: Utica Cities Rome Sherrill Utica Towns Annsville Augusta Ava Boonville Bridgewater Camden Deerfield Florence Floyd Forestport Kirkland Lee Marcy Marshall New Hartford Paris Remsen Sangerfield Steuben Trenton Vernon Verona Vienna Western Westmoreland Whitestown Villages Barneveld Boonville Bridgewater Camden Clayville Clinton Holland Patent New Hartford New York Mills Oneida Castle Oriskany Oriskany Falls Prospect Remsen Sylvan Beach Vernon Waterville Whitesboro Yorkville CDP Chadwicks Clark Mills Durhamville Verona Washington Mills Westmoreland Other hamlets Adrian Cassville Deansboro Jewell Lower South Bay North Bay Point Rock Sauquoit Taberg Verona Mills Westernville

State of New York Albany (capital) Topics Administrative divisions Bibliography Congressional districts Constitution Demographics Economy Education Elections Geography Government History Healthcare Law Museums Nickname People Politics Sports Symbols Transportation Visitor attractions Regions Adirondack Mountains Allegheny Plateau Capital District Catskill Mountains Central Region (formerly Central-Leatherstocking) Central New York Champlain Valley New York City Finger Lakes Holland Purchase Hudson Highlands Hudson Valley Long Island Mohawk Valley Niagara Frontier North Country Ridge and Valley Saint Lawrence Seaway Shawangunks Ski country Southern Tier Southtowns Tech Valley Thousand Islands Upstate Western Metro areas Albany / Schenectady / Troy Binghamton Buffalo / Niagara Falls Elmira / Corning Glens Falls Ithaca Kingston New York Poughkeepsie / Newburgh / Middletown Rochester Syracuse metro area Utica / Rome Counties Albany Allegany Bronx Broome Cattaraugus Cayuga Chautauqua Chemung Chenango Clinton Columbia Cortland Delaware Dutchess Erie Essex Franklin Fulton Genesee Greene Hamilton Herkimer Jefferson Kings Lewis Livingston Madison Monroe Montgomery Nassau New York Niagara Oneida Onondaga Ontario Orange Orleans Oswego Otsego Putnam Queens Rensselaer Richmond Rockland Saint Lawrence Saratoga Schenectady Schoharie Schuyler Seneca Steuben Suffolk Sullivan Tioga Tompkins Ulster Warren Washington Wayne Westchester Wyoming Yates Places Cities Towns Indian reservations Villages Census-designated places