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The United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is an independent agency of the United States government that manages the civil service of the federal government.
OPM was originally founded as the F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783).[2]
In 1996 the investigation branch of the OPM was privatized, and USIS was formed.[3]
According to their website, the mission of the OPM is "recruiting, retaining and honoring a world-class force to serve the American people."[4] The OPM is partially responsible for maintaining the appearance of independence and neutrality in the Administrative Law System. While technically employees of the agencies they work for, Administrative Law Judges (or ALJs) are hired exclusively by the OPM, effectively removing any discretional employment procedures from the other agencies. The OPM uses a rigorous selection process which ranks the top three candidates for each ALJ vacancy, and then makes a selection from those candidates, generally giving preference to veterans.
The OPM is also responsible for a large part of the management of security clearances (Federal Investigative Services a/k/a FIS conducts these investigations) for the United States Government. With the exception of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which maintains its own system, separate programs for each executive department have gradually been merged into a single, Government-wide clearance system. The OPM is responsible for investigating individuals to give them Secret and Top Secret clearances. SCI compartments, however, are still managed by the particular agency that uses that compartment.
The OPM revolving fund is described as the OPM’s “fee for service” business that moves federal budget money from various federal agencies to the OPM for human resources (HR) services. During the decade from 2002-2012, the dollar amount of the fund has tripled.[5] The fund is worth $2 billion, equivalent to almost all (90 percent) of the OPM budget.[6]
In July 2013, Rep. Blake Farenthold (R-Texas) introduced the Office of Personnel Management Inspector General Act.[7] The bill would increase oversight of the fund. Farenthold introduced the bill as a response to accusations of fraud and concerns about security clearance background investigations.[8] The bill would fund the expenses for investigations, oversight activities and audits from the revolving fund.[9] In February 2014, President Obama signed the bill into law.[10]
The fund’s history goes back to the early 1980s, where it was used for two main activities: training and background investigations for government personnel.[11]
Source: OPM's Agency Leadership Through Time
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