1835

Year 1835 (MDCCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

October 2: "Come and take it" – slogan of the Texas Revolution.

January–March

• January 7 – HMS Beagle anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist.
• January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero for the only time in history.^[1]
• January 26 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Auguste de Beauharnais, 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg, in Lisbon; he dies only two months later.
• January 30 – An assassination is attempted against United States President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol (the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States).
• February 1 – Slavery is abolished in Mauritius.
• February 20 – Concepción, Chile, is destroyed by an earthquake.
• March 2 – Ferdinand becomes Emperor of Austria.
• March 23 – The Mexican Academy of Language is established.

April–June

• April 18 – Lord Melbourne succeeds Sir Robert Peel as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• May 5
  • Rail transport in Belgium: a railway is opened between Brussels and Mechelen, the first in continental Europe.
  • Braulio Carrillo is sworn in as Head of State of Costa Rica.
• May 8 – Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales Told for Children. First Collection. begins publication.
• May 23 – The Mexican State of Aguascalientes is formed by decree of President Santa Anna.
• June 1 – Kingston Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario opens.
• June 8 – The Australian city of Melbourne is founded by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner.^[2]

July–September

• Catholic Apostolic Church, initially in the U.K.
• August – H. Fox Talbot exposes the world's first known photographic negatives at Lacock Abbey in England.^[3]
• August 25 – In the U.S., The New York Sun prints the first of six installments of the Great Moon Hoax.
• August 28 – St. Vincent's Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor of Castleknock College, is founded by the Vincentian community in Dublin, Ireland.
• August 30 – European settlers landing on the north banks of the Yarra River in southeastern Australia found the city of Melbourne.
• September 7 – Charles Darwin arrives at the Galápagos Islands aboard HMS Beagle.
• September 19 – William Lloyd Garrison publishes Angelina Grimké's anti-slavery letter in The Liberator.
• September 20 – The Ragamuffin War begins in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

October–December

December 16: Great Fire of New York

• October 2 – The Texas Revolution opens with the Battle of Gonzales when Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
• October 3 – The Staedtler company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.
• October 28
  • United Tribes of New Zealand founded at Waitangi with the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand.
  • In the first major engagement of the Texas Revolution, Battle of Concepción, the Texian Army defeats the Mexicans.
• November 16 – Halley's Comet reaches perihelion, its closest approach to the sun.
• November 19 – A force of 500 Māori people invade and enslave the peoples of the Chatham Islands.
• November 27 – Two London men, James Pratt and John Smith, are hanged in front of Newgate Prison in London after a conviction of buggery. They are the last to suffer capital punishment for homosexual acts in England.^[4]
• December 7
  • The Bavarian Ludwig Railway opens between Nuremberg and Fürth, with a train hauled by the English-built Der Adler ("The Eagle"), the first railway in Germany.
  • Future U.S. President James K. Polk becomes Speaker of the House
• December 9 – The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.
• December 16–17 – The Great Fire of New York destroys 530 buildings, including the New York Stock Exchange.
• December 20 – The Texas Declaration of Independence is first signed at Goliad, Texas.
• December 21 – The Raleigh and Gaston Railroad is chartered in Raleigh, North Carolina.^[5]
• December 28 – USA: The Second Seminole War breaks out.
• December 29 – The Treaty of New Echota is signed between the United States Government and members of the Cherokee Nation.

Date unknown

• The British Geological Survey is founded as the world's first national geological survey.
• Civil war erupts in Uruguay between supporters of Blanco and Colorado parties.
• The Cachar Levy, forerunner of the Assam Rifles, is founded in India.
• The first Bulgarian-language school opens in the Ottoman Empire.
• The French word for their language changes to français, from françois.
• Fort Cass is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the 1838 Trail of Tears.
• Charles-Louis Havas creates Havas, the first news agency in the world (which later spawns Agence France-Presse).
• English becomes the official language of India.
• Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes Caudillo of Argentina.
• Edward Strutt Abdy publishes his Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834.
• David Strauss begins publication of Das Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet ("The life of Jesus, critically examined") in Tübingen.

Births

January–June

• February 13 – Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (d. 1908)
• February 15 – Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (d. 1908)
• February 18 – César Cui, Lithuanian composer (d. 1918)
• March 12 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American Astronomer (d. 1909)
• March 14 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (d. 1910)
• March 15 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (d. 1916)
• March 24 – Jožef Stefan, Slovenian physicist, mathematician, and poet (d. 1893)
• April 2 – Jacob Nash Victor, American railroad builder (d. 1907)
• April 4 – John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (d. 1911)
• April 9 – King Léopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
• May 3 – Alfred Austin, English poet (d. 1913)
• May 7 – Manuel de la Cámara y Libermoore, Spanish admiral (d. 1920)
• May 21 – František Chvostek, Moravian physician (d. 1884)
• June 2 – Pope Pius X, (d. 1914)
• June 10 – Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany, (d. 1908)
• June 15 – Adah Isaacs Menken, American actress (d. 1868)
• June 26 – Thomas W. Knox, American author and journalist (d. 1896)

July–December

Adolf von Baeyer

Mark Twain

• July 7 – Ernest Giles, Australian explorer (d. 1897)
• July 10 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880)
• July 27 – Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)
• August 2 – Elisha Gray, American inventor and businessman (d. 1901)
• August 19 – Tom Wills, Australian cricketer and pioneer of Australian rules football (d. 1880)
• October 7 – Felix Draeseke, German composer (d. 1913)
• October 9 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
• October 16 – William R. Shafter, American general (d. 1906)
• October 23 – Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)
• October 31 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
• November 17 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (d. 1915)
• November 19 – Rani Lakshmibai, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1858)
• November 21 – Rose Eytinge, American actress (d. 1911)
• November 25 – Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1919)
• November 29 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China (d. 1908)
• November 30 – Mark Twain, American author and humorist (d. 1910)
• December 4 – Samuel Butler, English writer (d. 1902)
• December 6 – Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig, German chemist (d. 1910)
• December 17 – Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, American scientist, son of Louis Agassiz (d. 1910)
• December 18 – Lyman Abbott, American clergyman and author (d. 1922)
• December 28 – Archibald Geikie, Scottish geologist (d. 1924)

Deaths

January–June

Wilhelm von Humboldt

• January 1 – Mátyás Godina, writer, teacher and pastor (b. 1768)
• February 8 – Guillaume Dupuytren, anatomist and military surgeon (b. 1777)
• February 15 – Henry Hunt, British politician (b. 1773)
• March 2 – Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1768)
• March 18 – Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (b. 1769)
• March 30 – Richard Sharp MP, known as 'Conversation Sharp' London merchant, critic, poet and wit.
• April 1 – Józef Zeydlitz, Polish military leader (b. 1755)
• April 8 – Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist and philosopher (b. 1767)
• April 10 – Saint Magdalene of Canossa (b. 1774)
• April 21 – Samuel Slater, American industrialist (b. 1768)
• May 13 – John Nash, English architect (b. 1752)
• June 18 – William Cobbett, English journalist and author (b. 1763)
• June 24 – Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral (b. 1768)

July–December

• July 6 – John Marshall, influential American Chief Justice (b. 1755)
• July 28 – Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise, French marshal (b. 1768)
• September 23
  • 1760)
  • Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801)
• November 14 – James Freeman, first clergyman in America to call himself a Unitarian (b. 1759)
• November 29 – Princess Catharina of Württemberg, wife of Jérôme Bonaparte (b. 1783)
• December 13 – John Storm, American Revolutionary soldier (b. 1760)
• December 17 – Pierre Louis Roederer, French politician, economist, and historian (b. 1754)

Unknown

• Ishak Efendi – Ottoman engineer and translator (b. ca. 1774)

References