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Sir Bernard Katz, FRS[1] (26 March 1911 – 20 April 2003)[2] was a German-born biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve biochemistry. He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler. He was knighted in 1970.
Katz was born in [3] the latter a former Master of The Queen's Scholars at Westminster School, and current stipendary lecturer at St Anne's College, Oxford.
His research uncovered fundamental properties of synapses, the junctions across which nerve cells signal to each other and to other types of cells. By the 1950s, he was studying the biochemistry and action of acetylcholine, a signalling molecule found in synapses linking motor neurons to muscles, used to stimulate contraction. Katz won the Nobel for his discovery with Paul Fatt that neurotransmitter release at synapses is "quantal", meaning that at any particular synapse, the amount of neurotransmitter released is never less than a certain amount, and if more is always an integral number times this amount. Scientists now understand that this circumstance arises because, prior to their release into the synaptic gap, transmitter molecules reside in like-sized subcellular packages known as synaptic vesicles, released in a similar way to any other vesicle during exocytosis.
Katz's work had immediate influence on the study of nerve agents and pesticides, as he determined that the complex enzyme cycle was easily disrupted.
Medicine, Nobel Prize, United States, Dna, Chromosome
United Kingdom, City of London, Paris, Greater London, Australia
United Kingdom, Angles, Cornwall, Isle of Man, English language
John Theophilus Desaguliers, Michael Faraday, Stephen Hawking, Dmitri Mendeleev, Benjamin Franklin
Berlin, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hamburg, France, United Kingdom
University College London, Neuroscience, London, UCL Partners, Francis Crick Institute
Neuroscience, Karl Popper, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Switzerland, Australian National University
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, United States, Biochemistry, New York University, New York City
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Germany, University College London, Berlin, Nobel Prize