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Estrogen receptor alpha

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Title: Estrogen receptor alpha  
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Subject: Estrogen receptor, Estrogen-related receptor alpha, POU4F2, Small heterodimer partner, Testicular receptor 2
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Estrogen receptor alpha

Estrogen receptor 1
PDB rendering based on 1a52.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
Symbols  ; ER; ESR; ESRA; ESTRR; Era; NR3A1
External IDs IUPHAR: ChEMBL: GeneCards:
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)
RefSeq (protein)
Location (UCSC)
PubMed search

Estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans, ER-α is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1).[1][2][3]

Contents

  • Structure 1
  • Coactivators 2
  • Interactions 3
  • References 4
  • Further reading 5
  • External links 6

Structure

The estrogen receptor (ESR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription.[4] Alternative splicing results in several ESR1 mRNA transcripts, which differ primarily in their 5-prime untranslated regions. The translated receptors show less variability.[5][6]

Coactivators

Coactivators of ER-α include:

  • SRC-1[7][8]
  • AIB1 – amplified in breast 1[9]
  • BCAS3 – Breast carcinoma amplified sequence 3[10]
  • PELP-1 – Proline-, glutamic acid-, leucine-rich protein 1[11]

Interactions

Estrogen receptor alpha has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ^ "Entrez Gene: ESR1 estrogen receptor 1". 
  2. ^ Walter P, Green S, Greene G, Krust A, Bornert JM, Jeltsch JM, Staub A, Jensen E, Scrace G, Waterfield M (December 1985). "Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (23): 7889–93.  
  3. ^ Greene GL, Gilna P, Waterfield M, Baker A, Hort Y, Shine J (March 1986). "Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA". Science 231 (4742): 1150–4.  
  4. ^ Dahlman-Wright K, Cavailles V, Fuqua SA, Jordan VC, Katzenellenbogen JA, Korach KS, Maggi A, Muramatsu M, Parker MG, Gustafsson JA (December 2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXIV. Estrogen receptors". Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (4): 773–81.  
  5. ^ "Entrez Gene: DBI diazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-Coenzyme A binding protein)". 
  6. ^ Kos M, Reid G, Denger S, Gannon F (December 2001). "Minireview: genomic organization of the human ERalpha gene promoter region". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (12): 2057–63.  
  7. ^ Shang Y, Brown M (2002). "Molecular determinants for the tissue specificity of SERMs". Science 295 (5564): 2465–8.  
  8. ^ Smith CL, O'Malley BW (2004). "Coregulator function: a key to understanding tissue specificity of selective receptor modulators". Endocr Rev 25 (1): 45–71.  
  9. ^ Anzick SL, Kononen J, Walker RL, Azorsa DO, Tanner MM, Guan XY, Sauter G, Kallioniemi OP, Trent JM, Meltzer PS (1997). "AIB1, a steroid receptor coactivator amplified in breast and ovarian cancer". Science 277 (5328): 965–8.  
  10. ^ Gururaj AE, Peng S, Vadlamudi RK, Kumar R (August 2007). "Estrogen induces expression of BCAS3, a novel estrogen receptor-alpha coactivator, through proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1)". Mol. Endocrinol. 21 (8): 1847–60.  
  11. ^ Vadlamudi RK, Wang RA, Mazumdar A, Kim Y, Shin J, Sahin A, Kumar R (2001). "Molecular cloning and characterization of PELP1, a novel human coregulator of estrogen receptor alpha". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (41): 38272–9.  
  12. ^ Rubino D, Driggers P, Arbit D, Kemp L, Miller B, Coso O, Pagliai K, Gray K, Gutkind S, Segars J (May 1998). "Characterization of Brx, a novel Dbl family member that modulates estrogen receptor action". Oncogene 16 (19): 2513–26.  
  13. ^ Wormke M, Stoner M, Saville B, Walker K, Abdelrahim M, Burghardt R, Safe S (Mar 2003). "The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mediates Degradation of Estrogen Receptor α through Activation of Proteasomes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (6): 1843–55.  
  14. ^ Klinge CM, Kaur K, Swanson HI (Jan 2000). "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacts with estrogen receptor alpha and orphan receptors COUP-TFI and ERRalpha1". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 373 (1): 163–74.  
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Further reading

  • McDonnell DP, Norris JD (2002). "Connections and regulation of the human estrogen receptor". Science 296 (5573): 1642–4.  
  • Simoncini T, Fornari L, Mannella P, Varone G, Caruso A, Liao JK, Genazzani AR (2003). "Novel non-transcriptional mechanisms for estrogen receptor signaling in the cardiovascular system. Interaction of estrogen receptor alpha with phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase". Steroids 67 (12): 935–9.  
  • Lannigan DA (2003). "Estrogen receptor phosphorylation". Steroids 68 (1): 1–9.  
  • Herrington DM (2003). "Role of estrogen receptor-alpha in pharmacogenetics of estrogen action". Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 14 (2): 145–50.  
  • Tanaka Y, Sasaki M, Kaneuchi M, Fujimoto S, Dahiya R (2004). "Estrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms and renal cell carcinoma--a possible risk". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 202 (1–2): 109–16.  
  • Ali S, Coombes RC (2004). "Estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer: occurrence and significance". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 5 (3): 271–81.  
  • Olsson H (2004). "Estrogen receptor content in malignant breast tumors in men--a review". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 5 (3): 283–7.  
  • Surmacz E, Bartucci M (2005). "Role of estrogen receptor alpha in modulating IGF-I receptor signaling and function in breast cancer". J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 23 (3): 385–94.  
  • Evinger AJ, Levin ER (2005). "Requirements for estrogen receptor alpha membrane localization and function". Steroids 70 (5–7): 361–3.  
  • Wang CL, Tang XY, Chen WQ, Su YX, Zhang CX, Chen YM (2007). "Association of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density in Chinese women: a meta-analysis". Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 18 (3): 295–305.  
  • Keaveney M, Klug J, Gannon F (1992). "Sequence analysis of the 5' flanking region of the human estrogen receptor gene". DNA Seq. 2 (6): 347–58.  
  • Piva R, Gambari R, Zorzato F, Kumar L, del Senno L (1992). "Analysis of upstream sequences of the human estrogen receptor gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 183 (3): 996–1002.  
  • Reese JC, Katzenellenbogen BS (1992). "Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the hormone binding domain of the human estrogen receptor. Studies in cell extracts and intact cells and their implications for hormone-dependent transcriptional activation". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (14): 9868–73.  
  • Dotzlaw H, Alkhalaf M, Murphy LC (1992). "Characterization of estrogen receptor variant mRNAs from human breast cancers". Mol. Endocrinol. 6 (5): 773–85.  
  • Keaveney M, Klug J, Dawson MT, Nestor PV, Neilan JG, Forde RC, Gannon F (1991). "Evidence for a previously unidentified upstream exon in the human oestrogen receptor gene". J. Mol. Endocrinol. 6 (1): 111–5.  
  • Reese JC, Katzenellenbogen BS (1991). "Mutagenesis of cysteines in the hormone binding domain of the human estrogen receptor. Alterations in binding and transcriptional activation by covalently and reversibly attaching ligands". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (17): 10880–7.  
  • Schwabe JW, Neuhaus D, Rhodes D (1991). "Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor". Nature 348 (6300): 458–61.  
  • Tora L, Mullick A, Metzger D, Ponglikitmongkol M, Park I, Chambon P (1989). "The cloned human oestrogen receptor contains a mutation which alters its hormone binding properties". EMBO J. 8 (7): 1981–6.  
  • Ponglikitmongkol M, Green S, Chambon P (1989). "Genomic organization of the human oestrogen receptor gene". EMBO J. 7 (11): 3385–8.  
  • Greene GL, Gilna P, Waterfield M, Baker A, Hort Y, Shine J (1986). "Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA". Science 231 (4742): 1150–4.  

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