Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD or EFD2) is a Eurosceptic political group in the European Parliament. The EFDD group is a continuation for the 8th European Parliament of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group that existed during the 7th European Parliament, with significant changes to group membership.
History
7th European Parliament
Formation for the 8th European Parliament
Following the 2014 European parliament elections, the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group faced difficulties reforming for the 8th European Parliament, with various member parties and MEPs of the previous term's EFD either defecting to different parliamentary groups or failing to be re-elected.
On 4 June 2014, the Danish People's Party and Finns Party were admitted into the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) and therefore were no longer attached to the EFD.[5][6]
On 12 June 2014, the Five Star Movement (M5S) of Italy, having been rejected by The Greens/EFA[7] and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe[8] groups, offered its activists a limited-choice online referendum to choose a European Parliament group for the party, in which 78% of participating activists voted for the EFD.[9][10]
On 16 June 2014, Dutch MEP Bas Belder of the Reformed Political Party (SGP) moved from the EFD to the ECR group.[11]
The EFD group was reformed on 18 June 2014 with MEPs from existing member parties UK Independence Party and Order and Justice, in addition to new affiliates the Five Star Movement, the Sweden Democrats, the Party of Free Citizens of the Czech Republic, the Latvian Farmers Union and a French independent MEP formerly of the National Front.[12][13]
On 24 June 2014, the EFD group name was revised to Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD), and David Borrelli of the Five Star Movement was chosen as the incoming group's new co-president.[14][15]
On 16 October 2014, it was announced that Iveta Grigule MEP from the Latvian Farmers Union had defected from the EFDD, resulting in the collapse of the group because it no longer was composed of representatives from at least a quarter of the Member States.[16][17] The criterion was restored on 20 October, with one Polish MEP, Robert Iwaszkiewicz from Congress of the New Right (KNP), joining the group,[18][19] although the party's other MEPs remained Non-Inscrits. Polish newspapers reported that a deal had been arranged between UKIP, the largest party in the EFDD, and the KNP for one MEP to join the EFDD to restore the group's official status. UKIP have been criticised for the arrangement due to the far-right views of the KNP leader, Janusz Korwin-Mikke.[20][21]
Membership
8th European Parliament, 2014
EU states with more than one EFDD MEP (dark cyan), one EFDD MEP (light cyan), or no EFDD MEPs (dark grey) in the 8th European Parliament.
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy has 48 elected members as follows:
Former Members
Leadership
References
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^ Andreas Staab (24 June 2011). The European Union Explained, Second Edition: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact. Indiana University Press. p. 67–.
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^ Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck
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^ Morris, Chris. "Realpolitik: EU dominated by German power play". BBC.com. BBC News. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
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^ "After the elections – the European political groups | Counterpoint". Counterpoint.uk.com. 2014-06-26. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ Keating, Dave. "ECR group takes two parties from Farage". European Voice. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ Henriette Jacobsen. "Eurosceptic Danes and Finns leave Farage's group". EurActiv. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ Nielsen, Nikolaj. "EUobserver / Greens reject Beppe Grillo's offer to team up". Euobserver.com. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ "Press Release". Alde.eu. 2014-01-27. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ Altri articoli dalla categoria ». "Alleanze in Europa, il M5S sceglie l'Ukip di Farage. Ma la base accusa: votazione pilotata". Repubblica.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ europe online publishing house gmbh - europeonline-magazine.eu (2014-05-16). "1ST LEAD Italy protest party to form EU alliance with British eurosceptics UKIP By Alvise Armellini, dpa | EUROPE ONLINE". En.europeonline-magazine.eu. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ EurActiv.com (2014-06-17). "Dutch MEP joins Conservatives, Farage in trouble". EurActiv. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ By Euobserver. "EUobserver / Farage creates eurosceptic group in EP". Euobserver.com. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ James Crisp (2014-06-18). "Le Pen candidate joins Farage's new EFD group". EurActiv. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ "Bruxelles, prima riunione gruppo Ukip-M5S. Farage e Borrelli presidenti – Video Il Fatto Quotidiano TV". Tv.ilfattoquotidiano.it. 2014-06-25. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ "Internazionale » M5S » All’Europarlamento nasce gruppo Efd, “coppia aperta” per M5s-Ukip". Internazionale.it. 2014-06-24. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
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^ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20141016IPR74258/html/Opening-Schulz-warns-against-attempts-to-disrupt-Northern-Ireland-peace-process
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^ http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/efdd-group-collapses/
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^ http://www.efdgroup.eu/news/press-releases/item/efdd-group-back-with-a-bang-normal-transmission-resumed
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^ UKIP's alliance in Europe rescued by Polish MEP, BBC News, 20 October 2014
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^ http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/20/ukip-does-deal-with-far-right-to-save-european-grouping
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^ http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/10/20/ue-eurodeputato-polacco-si-unisce-a-farage-rinasce-gruppo-efdd/1161916/
External links
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Official website EFDD Group in the European Parliament
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Far-Right Nationalists
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National Conservatives
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Liberals/Centrists
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Social Democrats
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Communists/Far-Left
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Greens/Regionalists
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Eurosceptics
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Heterogeneous
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