July 15

July 15 is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 169 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
• 756 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang is ordered by his Imperial Guards to execute chancellor Yang Guozhong by forcing him to commit suicide or face a mutiny. He permits his consort Yang Guifei to be strangled by his chief eunuch. General An Lushan has other members of the emperor's family killed.
• 1099 – First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.
• 1149 – The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem.
• 1207 – King John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop Stephen Langton.
• 1240 – Swedish–Novgorodian Wars: A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.
• 1381 – John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England.
• 1410 – Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War: Battle of Grunwald: The allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the army of the Teutonic Order.
• 1482 – Muhammad XII is crowned the twenty-second and last Nasrid king of Granada.
• 1685 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, England after his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685.
• 1741 – Aleksei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.
• 1789 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, is named by acclamation Colonel General of the new National Guard of Paris.
• 1799 – The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.
• 1806 – Pike expedition: United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Bellefontaine near St. Louis, Missouri, to explore the west.
• 1815 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders aboard HMS Bellerophon.
• 1823 – A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, Italy.
• 1834 – The Spanish Inquisition is officially disbanded after nearly 356 years.
• 1838 – Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, discounting Biblical miracles and declaring Jesus a great man, but not God. The Protestant community reacts with outrage.
• Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
• 1870 – Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.
• 1888 – The stratovolcano Mount Bandai erupts killing approximately 500 people, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.
• 1910 – In his book Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin gives a name to Alzheimer's disease, naming it after his colleague Alois Alzheimer.
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• 1918 – World War I: The Second Battle of the Marne begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
• 1920 – The Polish Parliament establishes Silesian Voivodeship before the Polish-German plebiscite.
• 1922 – Japanese Communist Party is established in Japan.
• 1927 – Massacre of July 15, 1927: Eighty-nine protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.
• 1954 – First flight of the Boeing 367-80, prototype for both the Boeing 707 and C-135 series.
• 1955 – Eighteen Nobel laureates sign the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later co-signed by thirty-four others.
• 1959 – The steel strike of 1959 begins, leading to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in United States history.
• 1966 – Vietnam War: The United States and South Vietnam begin Operation Hastings to push the North Vietnamese out of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone.
• 1971 – The United Red Army is founded in Japan.
• 1974 – In Nicosia, Cyprus, Greek junta-sponsored nationalists launch a coup d'état, deposing President Makarios and installing Nikos Sampson as Cypriot president.
• 1975 – Space Race: Apollo–Soyuz Test Project features the dual launch of an Apollo spacecraft and a Soyuz spacecraft on the first joint Soviet-United States human-crewed flight. It was both the last launch of an Apollo spacecraft, and the Saturn family of rockets.
• 1979 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter gives his so-called malaise speech, where he characterizes the greatest threat to the country as "this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation" but in which he never uses the word malaise.
• 1980 – A massive storm tears through western Wisconsin, causing $160 million in damage.
• ASALA at the Paris-Orly Airport in Paris; it leaves eight people dead and 55 injured.
• 1996 – A Belgian Air Force C-130 Hercules carrying the Royal Netherlands Army marching band crashes on landing at Eindhoven Airport.
• 2002 – "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and to possession of explosives during the commission of a felony.
• 2002 – Anti-Terrorism Court of Pakistan hands down the death sentence to British born Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and life terms to three others suspected of murdering The Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
• 2003 – AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day.
• 2006 – Twitter is launched, becoming one of the largest social media platforms in the world.
• 2014 – A train derails on the Moscow Metro, killing at least 24 and injuring more than 160 others.

Births

• 1273 – Ewostatewos, Ethiopian monk and saint (d. 1352)
• 1353 – Vladimir the Bold, Russian prince (d. 1410)
• 1471 – Eskender, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1494)
• 1553 – Archduke Ernest of Austria (d. 1595)
• 1573 – Inigo Jones, English architect, designed the Queen's House (d. 1652)
• 1613 – Gu Yanwu, Chinese philologist and geographer (d. 1682)
• 1606 – Rembrandt, Dutch painter and etcher (d. 1669)
• 1626 – Christiane Sehested, Danish daughter of Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1670)
• 1626 – Hedevig Ulfeldt, Danish daughter of Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1678)
• 1631 – Jens Juel, Danish politician and diplomat, Governor-general of Norway (d. 1700)
• 1638 – Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1693)
• 1704 – August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German bishop and theologian (d. 1792)
• 1737 – Princess Louise of France (d. 1787)
• 1779 – Clement Clarke Moore, American author, poet, and educator (d. 1863)
• 1796 – Thomas Bulfinch, American banker and author (d. 1867)
• 1799 – Reuben Chapman, American lawyer and politician, 13th Governor of Alabama (d. 1882)
• 1800 – Sidney Breese, American jurist and politician (d. 1878)
• 1808 – Henry Edward Manning, English cardinal (d. 1892)
• 1812 – James Hope-Scott, English lawyer and academic (d. 1873)
• 1817 – Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, English engineer, designed the Forth Bridge (d. 1898)
• 1827 – W. W. Thayer American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Oregon (d. 1899)
• 1837 – Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. 1859)
• 1848 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist (d. 1923)
• 1850 – Francesca S. Cabrini, Italian-American nun and saint (d. 1917)
• 1858 – Emmeline Pankhurst, English activist (d. 1928)
• 1864 – Marie Tempest, English actress and singer (d. 1942)
• 1865 – Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, Irish-English publisher, founded the Amalgamated Press (d. 1922)
• 1865 – Wilhelm Wirtinger, Austrian-German mathematician and theorist (d. 1945)
• 1867 – Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French physician and explorer (d. 1936)
• 1871 – Doppo Kunikida, Japanese journalist, author, and poet (d. 1908)
• 1880 – Enrique Mosca, Argentinian lawyer and politician (d. 1950)
• 1887 – Wharton Esherick, American sculptor (d. 1970)
• 1892 – Walter Benjamin, German philosopher and critic (d. 1940)
• 1893 – Enid Bennett, Australian-American actress (d. 1969)
• 1893 – Dick Rauch, American football player and coach (d. 1970)
• 1894 – Tadeusz Sendzimir, Polish-American engineer (d. 1989)
• 1899 – Seán Lemass, Irish soldier and politician, 4th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 1971)
• 1902 – Jean Rey, Belgian lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the European Commission (d. 1983)
• 1903 – Walter D. Edmonds, American journalist and author (d. 1998)
• 1903 – K. Kamaraj, Indian journalist and politician (d. 1975)
• 1904 – Rudolf Arnheim, German-American psychologist and author (d. 2007)
• 1904 – Mogubai Kurdikar, Indian singer (d. 2001)
• 1905 – Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (d. 1974)
• 1906 – R. S. Mugali, Indian poet and academic (d. 1993)
• 1906 – Rudolf Uhlenhaut, English-German engineer (d. 1989)
• 1909 – Jean Hamburger, French physician and surgeon (d. 1992)
• 1910 – Ken Lynch, American actor (d. 1990)
• 1911 – Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton, English geographer and politician, Secretary of State for Air (d. 1994)
• 1913 – Cowboy Copas, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1963)
• 1913 – Hammond Innes, English journalist and author (d. 1998)
• 1913 – Abraham Sutzkever, Russian poet and author (d. 2010)
• 1914 – Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani economist, scholar, and activist (d. 1999)
• 1914 – Howard Vernon, Swiss-French actor (d. 1996)
• 1915 – Albert Ghiorso, American chemist and academic (d. 2010)
• 1917 – Robert Conquest, English-American historian, poet, and academic (d. 2015)
• 1917 – Nur Muhammad Taraki, Afghan journalist and politician (d. 1979)
• 1917 – Joan Roberts, American actress and singer (d. 2012)
• 1918 – Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
• 1918 – Brenda Milner, English-Canadian neuropsychologist and academic
• 1919 – Fritz Langanke, German lieutenant (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Iris Murdoch, Irish-English philosopher and author (d. 1999)
• 1920 – D. V. Narasa Raju, Indian director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Jack Beeson, American pianist and composer (d. 2010)
• 1921 – Henri Colpi, Swiss-French director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Robert Bruce Merrifield, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Leon M. Lederman, American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1923 – Philly Joe Jones, American drummer (d. 1985)
• 1924 – Jeremiah Denton, American admiral and politician (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Philip Carey, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Taylor Hardwick, American architect, designed Haydon Burns Library and Friendship Fountain Park (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Driss Chraïbi, Moroccan-French journalist and author (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentinian general and politician, 44th President of Argentina (d. 2003)
• 1926 – Raymond Gosling, English physicist and academic (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Ann Jellicoe, English actress, director, and playwright
• 1927 – Nan Martin, American actress (d. 2010)
• 1927 – Gloria Pall, American model and actress (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Joe Turkel, American actor
• 1927 – Carmen Zapata, American actress (d. 2014)
• 1928 – Carl Woese, American microbiologist and biophysicist (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Charles Anthony, American tenor and actor (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Francis Bebey, Cameroonian-French guitarist (d. 2001)
• 1929 – Ian Stewart, Scottish racing driver
• 1930 – Jacques Derrida, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Richard Garneau, Canadian journalist and sportscaster (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Stephen Smale, American mathematician and computer scientist
• 1931 – Clive Cussler, American archaeologist and author
• 1931 – Joanna Merlin, American actress and casting director
• 1931 – Jacques-Yvan Morin, Canadian lawyer and politician, Deputy Premier of Quebec
• 1932 – Ed Litzenberger, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010)
• 1932 – Paulo Moura, Brazilian clarinet player and saxophonist (d. 2010)
• 1933 – Julian Bream, English guitarist
• 1933 – Guido Crepax, Italian author and illustrator (d. 2003)
• 1933 – M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Indian author and screenwriter
• 1934 – Harrison Birtwistle, English composer and academic
• 1934 – Risto Jarva, Finnish director and producer (d. 1977)
• 1935 – Thilakan, Indian actor (d. 2012)
• 1935 – Donn Clendenon, American baseball player and lawyer (d. 2005)
• 1935 – Alex Karras, American football player, wrestler, and actor (d. 2012)
• 1935 – Ken Kercheval, American actor and director
• 1936 – Steven Gilborn, American actor and educator (d. 2009)
• 1936 – Governor of Ohio
• 1937 – Prabhash Joshi, Indian journalist (d. 2009)
• 1938 – Ernie Barnes, American football player, actor, and painter (d. 2009)
• 1938 – Carmen Callil, Australian publisher, founded Virago Press
• 1938 – Barry Goldwater, Jr., American lawyer and politician
• 1939 – Calixte Duguay, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1939 – Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Portuguese economist and politician, 19th President of the Portuguese Republic
• 1940 – Ronald Gene Simmons, American sergeant and murderer (d. 1990)
• 1940 – Robert Winston, English surgeon, academic, and politician
• 1941 – Denis Héroux, Canadian director and producer
• 1942 – Vivian Malone Jones, American activist (d. 2005)
• 1942 – Mil Máscaras, Mexican wrestler and actor
• 1943 – Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Irish astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic
• 1944 – Millie Jackson, American singer-songwriter
• 1944 – Jan-Michael Vincent, American actor
• 1945 – Jürgen Möllemann, German soldier and politician, Vice-Chancellor of Germany (d. 2003)
• 1946 – Hassanal Bolkiah, Bruneian sultan
• 1946 – Linda Ronstadt, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (Stone Poneys and Free Creek)
• 1947 – Peter Banks, English guitarist and songwriter (Yes, The Syn, and Flash) (d. 2013)
• 1947 – Lydia Davis, American author, translator, and academic
• 1947 – Pridiyathorn Devakula, Thai economist and politician, Thai Minister of Finance
• 1947 – Roky Erickson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The 13th Floor Elevators)
• 1948 – Twinkle, English singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1948 – Dimosthenis Kourtovik, Greek anthropologist and critic
• 1948 – Artimus Pyle, American drummer and songwriter (Lynyrd Skynyrd)
• 1949 – Carl Bildt, Swedish politician and diplomat, Prime Minister of Sweden
• 1949 – Trevor Horn, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer (The Buggles, Art of Noise, and Producers)
• 1949 – Richard Russo, American author, screenwriter, and educator
• 1950 – Colin Barnett, Australian economist and politician, 29th Premier of Western Australia
• 1950 – Arianna Huffington, Greek-American journalist, author, and actress, founded The Huffington Post
• 1951 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
• 1951 – Jesse Ventura, American wrestler, actor, and politician, 38th Governor of Minnesota
• 1952 – David Pack, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Ambrosia)
• 1952 – Celia Imrie, English actress
• 1952 – Terry O'Quinn, American actor
• 1952 – Marky Ramone, American drummer and songwriter (Ramones, Richard Hell and the Voidoids, and Misfits)
• 1952 – Johnny Thunders, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (New York Dolls and The Heartbreakers) (d. 1991)
• 1953 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Haitian priest and politician, 49th President of Haiti
• 1953 – Alicia Bridges, American singer-songwriter
• 1953 – Sultanah Haminah Hamidun, Malaysian queen
• 1954 – Tarak Dhiab, Tunisian footballer and sportscaster
• 1954 – John Ferguson, Australian rugby league player
• 1954 – Jeff Jarvis, American journalist and blogger
• 1954 – Mayor of Athens
• 1954 – Mario Kempes, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1956 – Ian Curtis, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Joy Division) (d. 1980)
• 1956 – Barry Melrose, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1956 – Steve Mortimer, Australian rugby player and coach
• 1956 – Joe Satriani, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Chickenfoot and The Greg Kihn Band)
• 1956 – Wayne Taylor, South African race car driver
• 1958 – Gary Heale, English footballer and coach
• 1958 – Mac Thornberry, American lawyer and politician
• 1959 – Vincent Lindon, French actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Willie Aames, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Kim Alexis, American model and actress
• 1961 – Lolita Davidovich, Canadian actress
• 1961 – Jean-Christophe Grangé, French journalist and screenwriter
• 1961 – Scott Ritter, American soldier and weapons inspector
• 1961 – Forest Whitaker, American actor, director, and producer
• 1962 – Nikos Filippou, Greek basketball player and manager
• 1962 – Michelle Ford, Australian swimmer
• 1963 – Brigitte Nielsen, Danish-American model, actress, and singer
• 1963 – Steve Thomas, English-Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1965 – Alistair Carmichael, Scottish lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
• 1965 – Gero Miesenböck, Neuroscientist and Waynflette Professor at the University of Oxford
• 1965 – David Miliband, English politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
• 1966 – Jason Bonham, English singer-songwriter and drummer (Bonham, Damnocracy, and Black Country Communion)
• 1966 – Irène Jacob, French-Swiss actress
• 1966 – Masatoshi Nagase, Japanese actor
• 1967 – Adam Savage, American actor and special effects designer
• 1967 – Elbert West, American singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1968 – Julius Babao, Filipino journalist and talk show host
• 1968 – Eddie Griffin, American comedian, actor, and producer
• 1968 – Stan Kirsch, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1968 – Shirley Robertson, Scottish sailor and sportscaster
• 1969 – Ain Tammus, Estonian footballer and coach
• 1970 – Chi Cheng, American bass player (Deftones) (d. 2013)
• 1970 – Tarkan Gözübüyük, Turkish bass player and producer (Mezarkabul)
• 1971 – Danijela Martinović, Croatian singer
• 1971 – Jim Rash, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1972 – Yao Defen, Chinese giant (d. 2012)
• 1972 – Scott Foley, American actor, director, and producer
• 1972 – Beth Ostrosky Stern, American model and actress
• 1973 – Buju Banton, Jamaican singer
• 1973 – John Dolmayan, Lebanese-American drummer and songwriter (System of a Down and Scars on Broadway)
• 1973 – Brian Austin Green, American actor and producer
• 1974 – Marilita Lambropoulou, Greek actress
• 1974 – Chris Taylor, Australian comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1975 – Cherry, American wrestler and manager
• 1975 – K Brosas, Filipino actress and singer
• 1975 – Danny Law, English cricketer
• 1975 – Ben Pepper, Australian basketball player
• 1975 – Viveika Ravanes, Filipino actress and singer
• 1976 – Steve Cunningham, American boxer
• 1976 – Gabriel Iglesias, American comedian and actor
• 1976 – Shuba Jay, Malaysian actress (d. 2014)
• 1976 – Jim Jones, American rapper and actor (The Diplomats)
• 1976 – Diane Kruger, German-American actress and model
• 1977 – Faraz Anwar, Pakistani guitarist (Mizraab)
• 1977 – Kitana Baker, American model and actress
• 1977 – André Nel, South African cricketer
• 1977 – Lana Parrilla, American actress
• 1977 – John St. Clair, American football player
• 1977 – Ray Toro, American guitarist and songwriter (My Chemical Romance and Reggie and the Full Effect)
• 1978 – Miguel Olivo, Dominican baseball player
• 1979 – Laura Benanti, American actress and singer
• 1979 – Alexander Frei, Swiss footballer
• 1979 – Edda Garðarsdóttir, Icelandic footballer
• 1979 – Renata Kučerová, Czech tennis player
• 1980 – Reggie Abercrombie, American baseball player
• 1980 – Jonathan Cheechoo, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Kelli Martin, American fashion designer
• 1980 – Jasper Pääkkönen, Finnish actor and producer
• 1980 – Rivo Vesik, Estonian volleyball player
• 1980 – Mike Zambidis, Greek kick-boxer and martial artist
• 1980 – Julia Perez, Indonesian actress, singer and model
• 1981 – Alou Diarra, French footballer
• 1981 – Taylor Kinney, American model and actor
• 1981 – Petros Klampanis, Greek bassist and composer
• 1981 – Marius Stankevičius, Lithuanian footballer
• 1982 – Alan Pérez, Spanish cyclist
• 1982 – Neemia Tialata, New Zealand rugby player
• 1982 – Aída Yéspica, Venezuelan model and actress
• 1983 – Nelson Merlo, Brazilian race car driver
• 1983 – Heath Slater, American wrestler
• 1984 – Alex Boyd, German-Scottish photographer
• 1984 – Vice Cooler, American singer-songwriter (Hawnay Troof and XBXRX)
• 1984 – Angelo Siniscalchi, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Veronika Velez-Zuzulová, Slovak skier
• 1985 – Chris Tiu, Filipino basketball player and actor
• 1985 – Burak Yılmaz, Turkish footballer
• 1986 – Tyler Kennedy, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1988 – Riki Christodoulou, English racing driver
• 1988 – Mina Fujii, Japanese actress, model, and television personality
• 1989 – Steven Jahn, German footballer
• 1989 – Alisa Kleybanova, Russian tennis player
• 1989 – Anthony Randolph, American basketball player
• 1989 – Tristan Wilds, American actor and singer
• 1990 – Olly Alexander, English singer-songwriter and actor (Years & Years)
• 1990 – Zach Bogosian, American ice hockey player
• 1990 – J. B. Gaynor, American actor
• 1990 – Damian Lillard, American basketball player
• 1990 – Sumire, Japanese model
• 1991 – Danilo, Brazilian footballer
• 1991 – Derrick Favors, American basketball player
• 1991 – Yuki Kashiwagi, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48 and French Kiss)
• 1992 – Tobias Harris, American basketball player
• 1992 – Koharu Kusumi, Japanese singer and actress (Morning Musume, MilkyWay, ZYX, and Kira Pika)
• 1992 – Porter Robinson, American DJ and producer
• 1993 – Håvard Nielsen, Norwegian footballer

Deaths

• 756 – Yang Guifei, Chinese wife of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (b. 719)
• 998 – Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī, Persian mathematician and astronomer (b. 940)
• 1274 – Bonaventure, Italian bishop and saint (b. 1221)
• 1291 – Rudolf I of Germany (b. 1218)
• 1381 – John Ball, English priest (b. 1338)
• 1406 – William, Duke of Austria (b. 1370)
• 1410 – Ulrich von Jungingen, German knight (b. 1360)
• 1544 – René of Châlon (b. 1519)
• 1571 – Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese daimyo (b. 1514)
• 1609 – Annibale Carracci, Italian painter and illustrator (b. 1560)
• 1614 – Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme, French soldier, historian, and author (b. 1540)
• 1655 – Girolamo Rainaldi, Italian architect (b. 1570)
• 1685 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, Dutch-English general and politician, Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull (b. 1649)
• 1750 – Vasily Tatishchev, Russian ethnographer and politician (b. 1686)
• 1765 – Charles-André van Loo, French painter (b. 1705)
• 1767 – Michael Bruce, Scottish poet and composer (b. 1746)
• 1789 – Jacques Duphly, French harpsichord player and composer (b. 1715)
• 1828 – Jean-Antoine Houdon, French sculptor (b. 1741)
• 1839 – Winthrop Mackworth Praed, English poet and politician (b. 1802)
• 1844 – Claude Charles Fauriel, French philologist and historian (b. 1772)
• 1851 – Juan Felipe Ibarra, Argentinian general and politician (b. 1787)
• 1857 – Carl Czerny, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1791)
• 1858 – Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov, Russian painter (b. 1806)
• 1871 – Tad Lincoln, American son of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1853)
• 1885 – Rosalía de Castro, Spanish author and poet (b. 1837)
• 1890 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss author, poet, and playwright (b. 1819)
• 1898 – Jean-Baptiste Salpointe, French-American archbishop (d. 1825)
• 1904 – Anton Chekhov, Russian physician and author (b. 1860)
• 1919 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• 1929 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1874)
• 1930 – Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1845)
• 1930 – Rudolph Schildkraut, Turkish-American actor (b. 1862)
• 1931 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian-German economist and mathematician (b. 1868)
• 1932 – Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven, South African poet and politician (b. 1873)
• 1933 – Irving Babbitt, American scholar, critic, and academic (b. 1865)
• 1933 – Freddie Keppard, American cornet player (b. 1890)
• 1940 – Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist and physician (b. 1857)
• 1940 – Donald Calthrop, English actor (b. 1888)
• 1940 – Robert Wadlow, American giant (b. 1918)
• 1942 – Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino lawyer and politician (b. 1910)
• 1944 – Marie-Victorin Kirouac, Canadian botanist and academic (b. 1885)
• 1946 – Razor Smith, English cricketer and coach (b. 1877)
• 1947 – Walter Donaldson, American soldier and songwriter (b. 1893)
• 1948 – John J. Pershing, American general (b. 1860)
• 1953 – Geevarghese Mar Ivanios, Indian archbishop, founded the Order of the Imitation of Christ (b. 1882)
• 1957 – James M. Cox, American publisher and politician, 46th Governor of Ohio (b. 1870)
• 1957 – Vasily Maklakov, Russian lawyer and politician (b. 1869)
• 1958 – Julia Lennon, English mother of John Lennon (b. 1914)
• 1959 – Ernest Bloch, Swiss-American composer and academic (b. 1880)
• 1959 – Vance Palmer, Australian author and critic (b. 1885)
• 1960 – Set Persson, Swedish politician (b. 1897)
• 1960 – Lawrence Tibbett, American singer and actor (b. 1896)
• 1961 – John Edward Brownlee, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Alberta (b. 1884)
• 1965 – Francis Cherry, American lawyer and politician, 35th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1908)
• 1966 – Seyfi Arkan, Turkish architect (b. 1966)
• 1974 – Christine Chubbuck, American journalist (b. 1944)
• 1976 – Paul Gallico, American journalist and author (b. 1897)
• 1977 – Donald Mackay, Australian businessman and activist (b. 1933)
• 1979 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican academic and politician, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1911)
• 1981 – Frédéric Dorion, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1898)
• 1982 – Bill Justis, American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1926)
• 1986 – Billy Haughton, American harness racer and trainer (b. 1923)
• 1986 – Alfonso Thiele, Turkish-Italian race car driver (b. 1920)
• 1988 – Eleanor Estes, American librarian, author, and illustrator (b. 1906)
• 1988 – Armand Mouyal, French épée fencer (b. 1925)
• 1989 – Laurie Cunningham, English footballer (b. 1956)
• 1990 – Zaim Topčić, Yugoslav and Bosnian writer (b. 1920)
• 1990 – Margaret Lockwood, English actress (b. 1916)
• 1990 – Omar Abu Risha, Syrian poet and diplomat, 4th Syrian Ambassador to the United States (b. 1910)
• 1991 – Bert Convy, American actor, singer, and game show host (b. 1933)
• 1992 – Hammer DeRoburt, Nauruan educator and politician, 1st President of Nauru (b. 1922)
• 1992 – Chingiz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani journalist and author (b. 1960)
• 1993 – David Brian, American actor and dancer (b. 1914)
• 1996 – Dana Hill, American actress and singer (b. 1964)
• 1997 – Justinas Lagunavičius, Lithuanian basketball player (b. 1924)
• 1997 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer, founded Versace (b. 1946)
• 1998 – S. Shanmuganathan, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1960)
• 2000 – Louis Quilico, Canadian opera singer and educator (b. 1925)
• 2001 – C. Balasingham, Sri Lankan lawyer and civil servant (b. 1917)
• 2003 – Roberto Bolaño, Chilean author and poet (b. 1953)
• 2003 – Tex Schramm, American businessman (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Elisabeth Welch, American actress and singer (b. 1904)
• 2006 – Robert H. Brooks, American businessman, founded of Hooters and Naturally Fresh, Inc. (b. 1937)
• 2006 – Alireza Shapour Shahbazi, Iranian archaeologist and academic (b. 1942)
• 2008 – György Kolonics, Hungarian canoe racer (b. 1972)
• 2008 – Karl Unterkircher, Italian mountaineer (b. 1970)
• 2009 – Natalya Estemirova, Russian journalist and activist (b. 1958)
• 2010 – James E. Akins, American politician and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Googie Withers, Indian-Australian actress (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Boris Cebotari, Moldovan footballer (b. 1975)
• 2012 – Tsilla Chelton, Israeli-French actress (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Grant Feasel, American football player (b. 1960)
• 2012 – David Fraser, English general (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Celeste Holm, American actress and singer (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Yoichi Takabayashi, Japanese director and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Ninos Aho, Syrian-American poet and activist (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Henry Braden, American lawyer and politician (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Tom Greenwell, American lawyer and judge (b. 1956)
• 2013 – Earl Gros, American football player (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Noël Lee, Chinese-American pianist and composer (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Meskerem Legesse, Ethiopian runner (b. 1986)
• 2013 – John T. Riedl, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1962)
• 2014 – Óscar Acosta, Honduran author, poet, and diplomat (b. 1933)
• 2014 – James MacGregor Burns, American historian, political scientist, and author (b. 1918)
• 2014 – Saúl Lara, Spanish footballer (b. 1982)
• 2014 – Edward Perl, American neuroscientist and academic (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Robert A. Roe, American soldier and politician (b. 1924)
• 2015 – Masahiko Aoki, Japanese-American economist and academic (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Wan Li, Chinese politician, 4th Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1916)
• 2015 – Aubrey Morris, British actor (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Sheila Ramani, Indian model and actress (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Dave Somerville, Canadian singer and actor (The Diamonds) (b. 1933)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Abhai (Syriac Orthodox Church)
  • Bonaventure
  • Dispersion of the Apostles
  • Donald of Ogilvy
  • Edith of Polesworth
  • Edith of Wilton
  • Plechelm
  • Quriaqos and Julietta
  • Saint Rosalia
  • Swithun
  • Vladimir the Great (Eastern Orthodox; Catholic Church)
  • July 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Earliest day on which Birthday of Don Luis Muñoz Rivera can fall, while July 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Monday of July. (Puerto Rico)
• Earliest day on which Galla Bayramy can fall, while July 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Sunday of July. (Turkmenistan)
• Earliest day on which Marine Day can fall, while July 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Monday of July. (Japan)
• Earliest day on which President's Day (Botswana) can fall, while July 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Monday of July.
• Elderly Men Day (Kiribati)
• Sultan's Birthday (Brunei Darussalam)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• : On This DayThe New York Times
• On This Day in Canada