Kalinga

Kalinga (Ilokano: Probinsya ti Kalinga and Filipino: Lalawigan ng Kalinga), Tagalog pronunciation: ) is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region of Luzon.

Its capital is Tabuk and borders Mountain Province to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the north.

Kalinga and Apayao are the result of the 1995 partitioning of Kalinga-Apayao; this was to better service the respective needs of the various indigenous peoples in the area.

Geography

The mountains of Kalinga in Lubuagan

The topography of Kalinga province is rugged and sloping, with mountain peaks ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 metres (4,900 to 8,200 ft) in elevation. The province’s western side is characterised by sharp, crested, interlinking peaks of steep slopes, isolated flatlands, plateaus and valleys. The eastern lands are mainly of rolling and gradually sloping foothills.

Large swaths of the province's lowlands are open grassland suitable for pasture, while the highlands have extensive areas of tropical rainforest. In higher elevations to the west, particularly in the mountains of Balbalan, lie some of the most intact pine forests of Luzon island. Rizal and Tabuk with their flatlands are the biggest rice producers. Next in rice production are the mountainous area, and of note are the rice terraces of Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pasil, Pinukpuk, Tinglayan,and Tanudan.

Climate

The province enjoys an average temperature ranging from 17 to 22 °C (63 to 72 °F) with Type 3 weather patterns. The dry season extends from November to April, while the rest of the year is considered the rainy season, the heaviest rains usually occurring from July to October.

Hydrology

The province is drained mainly by the Chico River, with its headwaters in the Mountain Province and emptying into the Cagayan River. The Chico River has several tributaries: Bunog River in Tinglayan in the south; the Tanudan and Biga Rivers in the east; Pasil River in the central area; and Poswoy, Dao-angan, Mabaca and Saltan Rivers in the west.

Several small lakes can also be found in Kalinga. These water resources if to be tapped could provide abundant sources for power generation, fishing, irrigation and for domestic use, but would destroy rice terraces, villages, livelihoods, and complete indigenous cultures.

Administrative

Kalinga is subdivided into one city and seven municipalities, all of which belong to a lone legislative district. Tabuk was proclaimed a component city in 2007, but in November 2008 the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that its cityhood was unconstitutional. However, Tabuk had its city status reinstated by the Supreme Court on December 22, 2009.^[2]

Political map of Kalinga

Administrative divisions of the Province of Kalinga

Municipality or city	Legislative district[3]	Land area (km2)[3]	Population (2010)[4]!! data-sort-type="number" | Pop. density (per km2) !! data-sort-type="number" | No. of barangays !! data-sort-type="number" | ZIP code !! Income class[3] !! class="unsortable"|Map
Balbalan	lone	542.69	12,082	22	14	3801	3rd
Lubuagan	lone	234.20	9,369	40	9	3802	4th
Pasil	lone	189.00	9,626	51	14	3803	5th
Pinukpuk	lone	743.56	29,596	40	23	3806	1st
Rizal (Liwan)	lone	231.00	15,942	69	14	3808	4th
Tabuk †	lone	700.25	103,912	150	42	3800	5th
Tanudan	lone	307.55	8,529	28	16	3805	4th
Tinglayan	lone	283.00	12,557	44	20	3804	4th
Kalinga Total	lone	3,231.25	201,613	62	152	3800 - 3808	3rd[3]

^{*Note: Italicized names are former names.}

Barangays

The 7 municipalities and 1 city of the province comprise a total of 152 barangays, with Bulanao in Tabuk City as the most populous in 2010, and Anggacan Sur in Tanudan as the least. If cities are excluded, Pinukpuk Junction in Pinukpuk municipality has the highest population.^[4][3]

Demographics

Based on the 2000 census survey, 64.4% of the population are Kalinga and Ilocanos are 24% of the province population. Other ethnic groups living in the province are the Kankana-ey 2.5%, Ibontoc 1.6%, Tagalog 1.3% and Applai 1%.^[6]

The primary language spoken is Kalinga, including its dialects of Balangao, Butbut, Limos, Lower Tanudan, Lubuagan, Mabaka, Madukayang, Southern Kalingan, and Upper Tanudan. Gaddang, as well as Ilocano, Tagalog, and English are also spoken in the area as lingua francas with varying degrees of proficiency.

Culture

A man from Tinglayan studying to be a Christian priest, 2008. He is vested in traditional garb and holds a handcrafted weapon first produced during the Second World War; traditional Kalinga cloth is draped over Orthodox icons in the manner of Russian nabozhnyks.

There are many sub-tribes in the province. The strong sense of tribal membership and filial loyalty results in frequent tribal unrest and occasional outright war. Due to the mountainous terrain and warrior-culture of the people, the Kalinga were able to preserve their culture despite centuries of occupation in the lowlands by the Spaniards, Americans, and the Japanese. Unbeknownst to many, the last stand of President Emilio Aguinaldo in 1901 took place in Lubuagan, which he proclaimed the seat of government, and where the Aguinaldo Museum commemorates the event.

The Kalinga people are highlanders and the most extensive rice farmers of the Cordillera peoples, having been blessed with some of the most suitable land for both wet and dry rice farming. Like the Ifugao, the Kalinga are prolific terrace builders. The Kalinga are also skilled craftsmen, well-versed in basketry, loom weaving, metalsmithing, and pottery, the last centred in the lower Chico River Valley.

Gallery

• 

  Mount Binuluan, a fumarolic volcano in Lubuagan

• 

  The Chico River passing through Tinglayan

• 

  Northern Luzon highland axe has been closely identified, although not exclusively, with the Kalinga area.

References

External links

• 2007 Census
• Province of Kalinga website

Province of Kalinga Tabuk (capital) Municipalities Balbalan Lubuagan Pasil Pinukpuk Rizal Tanudan Tinglayan Component city Tabuk Barangays See: List of barangays in Kalinga

Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) Regional Center Baguio Provinces Abra Apayao Benguet Ifugao Kalinga Mountain Province Metropolitan Area Metro Baguio Highly Urbanized City Baguio Component City Tabuk Bangued Bontoc Kabugao (de jure) La Trinidad Lagawe Luna (de facto) Tabuk Municipalities Aguinaldo Alfonso Lista Asipulo Atok Bakun Balbalan Banaue Bangued Barlig Bauko Besao Bokod Boliney Bontoc Bucay Bucloc Buguias Calanasan Conner Daguioman Danglas Dolores Flora Hingyon Hungduan Itogon Kabayan Kabugao Kapangan Kiangan Kibungan La Paz La Trinidad Lacub Lagangilang Lagawe Lagayan Lamut Langiden Licuan-Baay Luba Lubuagan Luna Malibcong Manabo Mankayan Mayoyao Natonin Paracelis Pasil Peñarrubia Pidigan Pilar Pinukpuk Pudtol Rizal Sabangan Sablan Sadanga Sagada Sallapadan San Isidro San Juan San Quintin Santa Marcela Tadian Tanudan Tayum Tineg Tinglayan Tinoc Tuba Tublay Tubo Villaviciosa Luzon, Republic of the Philippines

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