The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes. It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815.
Contents
-
Counts of Luxembourg 1
-
Elder House of Luxembourg (Ardennes-Luxembourg) 1.1
-
House of Luxembourg-Namur 1.2
-
House of Hohenstaufen 1.3
-
House of Luxembourg-Namur 1.4
-
House of Luxembourg-Limburg 1.5
-
Dukes of Luxembourg 2
-
House of Luxembourg-Limburg 2.1
-
House of Valois-Burgundy 2.2
-
House of Habsburg 2.3
-
House of Bourbon 2.4
-
House of Wittelsbach 2.5
-
House of Habsburg 2.6
-
House of Habsburg-Lorraine 2.7
-
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg 3
-
House of Orange-Nassau 3.1
-
House of Nassau-Weilburg 3.2
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See also 4
-
Footnotes 5
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External links 6
-
References 7
Counts of Luxembourg
Elder House of Luxembourg (Ardennes-Luxembourg)
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Siegfried
|
922
|
28 October 998
|
963
–
28 October 998
|
|
|
Henry I
|
964
|
27 February 1026
|
28 October 998
–
27 February 1026
|
his son
|
|
Henry II
|
1007
|
16 October 1047
|
27 February 1026
–
16 October 1047
|
his nephew
|
|
Giselbert
|
1007
|
14 August 1059
|
16 October 1047
–
14 August 1059
|
his brother
|
|
Conrad I
|
1040
|
8 August 1086
|
14 August 1059
–
8 August 1086
|
his son
|
|
Henry III
|
1070
|
1096
|
8 August 1086
–
1096
|
his son
|
|
William I
|
1081
|
1131
|
1096
–
1131
|
his brother
|
|
Conrad II
|
1106
|
1136
|
1131
–
1136
|
his son
|
House of Luxembourg-Namur
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Henry IV
the Blind
|
1112
|
14 August 1196
|
1136
–
14 August 1196
|
his first cousin
|
House of Hohenstaufen
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Otto
|
June/July 1170
|
13 January 1200
|
1196
–
1197
|
his third-cousin once removed
|
House of Luxembourg-Namur
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Ermesinde
|
July 1186
|
12 February 1247
|
1197
–
12 February 1247
|
Henry IV's only daughter and Otto's fourth cousin
|
|
Theobald I
|
1158
|
13 February 1214
|
1197
–
13 February 1214
|
her first husband and co-ruler
|
|
Waleran
|
1180
|
2 July 1226
|
May 1214
–
2 July 1226
|
her second husband and co-ruler
|
House of Luxembourg-Limburg
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Henry V
the Blond
|
1216
|
24 December 1281
|
12 February 1247
–
24 December 1281
|
their son
|
|
Henry VI
the Condemned
|
1240
|
5 June 1288
|
24 December 1281
–
5 June 1288
|
his son
|
|
Henry VII
|
1275/1270
|
24 August 1313
|
5 June 1288
–
24 August 1313
|
his son
|
|
John
the Blind
|
10 August 1296
|
26 August 1346
|
24 August 1313
–
26 August 1346
|
his son
|
|
Charles I
|
14 May 1316
|
29 November 1378
|
26 August 1346
–
1353
|
his son
|
|
Wenceslaus I
|
25 February 1337
|
7 December 1383
|
1353
–
13 March 1354
|
his brother
|
Dukes of Luxembourg
In 1354 the county was elevated to a duchy.
House of Luxembourg-Limburg
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Wenceslaus I
|
25 February 1337
|
7 December 1383
|
13 March 1354
–
7 December 1383
|
himself as count
|
|
Wenceslas II
the Lazy
|
26 February 1361
|
16 August 1419
|
7 December 1383
–
1388
|
his nephew
|
|
Jobst
|
December 1351
|
18 January 1411
|
1388
–
18 January 1411
|
his cousin
|
|
Elisabeth I
|
November 1390
|
2 August 1451
|
18 January 1411
–
1443
|
his heiress & first cousin once removed
|
|
Anthony
|
August 1384
|
25 October 1415
|
18 January 1411
–
25 October 1415
|
her first husband and co-ruler
|
|
John II
the Pitiless
|
1374
|
6 January 1425
|
10 March 1418
–
6 January 1425
|
her second husband and co-ruler
|
As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441 but only to succeed upon her death. Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.
Claimants
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Elisabeth I
|
November 1390
|
2 August 1451
|
1443
–
2 August 1451
|
|
|
Ladislaus
the Posthumous
|
22 February 1440
|
23 November 1457
|
2 August 1451
–
23 November 1457
|
her first cousin once removed
|
|
Anne
|
12 April 1432
|
13 November 1462
|
23 November 1457
–
13 November 1462
|
his sister
|
|
William
the Brave
|
30 April 1425
|
17 September 1482
|
her husband and co-pretender
|
|
Elisabeth II
|
1436
|
30 August 1505
|
13 November 1462
–
1467
|
her sister
|
|
Casimir Jagiellon
|
30 November 1427
|
7 June 1492
|
her husband and co-pretender
|
|
George of Poděbrady
|
23 April 1420
|
22 March 1471
|
1458
–
1471
|
claimed title as king of Bohemia[1]
|
House of Valois-Burgundy
In 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Philip I
the Good
|
31 July 1396
|
15 June 1467
|
1443
–
15 June 1467
|
Elisabeth I's second cousin once removed and usurper
|
|
Charles II
the Bold
|
10 November 1433
|
5 January 1477
|
15 June 1467
–
5 January 1477
|
his son
|
|
Mary I
the Rich
|
13 February 1457
|
27 March 1482
|
5 January 1477
–
27 March 1482
|
his daughter
|
|
Maximilian I
the Last Knight
|
22 March 1459
|
12 January 1519
|
her husband and co-ruler
|
House of Habsburg
In 1482 Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg.
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Philip II
the Handsome
|
22 July 1478
|
25 September 1506
|
27 March 1482
–
25 September 1506
|
their son
|
|
Charles III
the Golden One
|
24 February 1500
|
21 September 1558
|
25 September 1506
–
16 January 1556
|
his son
|
|
Philip III
the Prudent
|
21 May 1527
|
13 September 1598
|
16 January 1556
–
13 September 1598
|
his son
|
|
Isabella Clara Eugenia
|
12 August 1566
|
1 December 1633
|
6 May 1598
–
13 July 1621
|
his daughter
|
Albert
|
15 November 1559
|
13 July 1621
|
his son-in-law
|
|
Philip IV
the Great
|
8 April 1605
|
17 September 1665
|
31 July 1621
–
17 September 1665
|
their nephew
|
|
Charles IV
the Bewitched
|
6 November 1661
|
1 November 1700
|
17 September 1665
–
1 November 1700
|
his son
|
During the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714, the duchy was disputed between Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, from the House of Bourbon and Charles of Austria, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, from the House of Habsburg. In 1712 Luxembourg and Namur were ceded to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria by his French allies, but with the end of the war in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht Max. Emanuel was restored Elector of Bavaria. In 1713 the duchy fell to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.
House of Bourbon
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Philip V
Philippe de France
|
19 December 1683
|
9 July 1746
|
1 November 1700
–
1712
|
his grandnephew
|
House of Wittelsbach
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Maximilian II
Maximilian Emanuel Ludwig Maria Joseph Kajetan
Anton Nikolaus Franz
Ignaz Felix
|
11 July 1662
|
26 February 1726
|
1712
–
11 April 1713
|
his uncle
|
House of Habsburg
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Charles V
Karl Franz Joseph
Wenceslau Balthasar Johann
Anton Ignatius
|
1 October 1685
|
20 October 1740
|
11 April 1713
–
20 October 1740
|
his second cousin
|
|
Maria II Theresa
Maria Theresa
Walburga Amalia Christina
|
13 May 1717
|
29 November 1780
|
20 October 1740
–
29 November 1780
|
his daughter
|
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Francis I
François Étienne
|
8 December 1708
|
18 August 1765
|
21 November 1740
–
18 August 1765
|
her husband
|
|
Joseph
Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michael Adam
|
13 March 1741
|
20 February 1790
|
29 November 1780
–
20 February 1790
|
their son
|
|
Leopold
Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard
|
5 May 1747
|
1 March 1792
|
20 February 1790
–
1 March 1792
|
his brother
|
|
Francis II
Francis Joseph Charles
|
12 February 1768
|
2 March 1835
|
1 March 1792
–
1794
|
his son
|
Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813. At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands.
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
Grand Duke of Luxembourg's Standard.
The Grand Duke of Luxembourg (or Grand Duchess in the event of a female monarch) is the head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign extant Grand Duchy, a status to which Luxembourg was promoted in 1815 upon its unification with the Netherlands under the House of Orange-Nassau.
The Luxembourgian constitution defines the Grand Duke's position:
“
|
The Grand Duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence. He exercises executive power in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the country.[2]
|
”
|
House of Orange-Nassau
Image
|
Name
|
Date of birth
|
Date of death
|
Reign
|
Relationship with predecessor
|
|
Guillaume I
Willem Frederik
(Prince William VI of Orange)
|
24 August 1772
|
12 December 1843
|
15 March 1815
–
7 October 1840
|
Francis' third cousin
and
Anne's direct descendant
|
|
Guillaume II
Willem Frederik George Lodewijk
|
6 December 1792
|
17 March 1849
|
7 October 1840
–
17 March 1849
|
his son
|
|
Guillaume III
Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk
|
17 February 1817
|
23 November 1890
|
17 March 1849
–
23 November 1890
|
his son
|
House of Nassau-Weilburg
Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Pact (Luxembourg and Nassau) were bound by semi-Salic law, which allowed inheritance by females or through the female line only upon extinction of male members of the dynasty. When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the family pact, passed to Wilhelmina. However, the crown of Luxembourg passed to a male of another branch of the House of Nassau: Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg.
In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde, to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of the House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact. She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte, who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a prince of the former Duchy of Parma. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau, and also constitute a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon-Parma.
See also
-
^ History of the Bohemian royal titles based on contemporary documents
-
^ "Constitution de Luxembourg" (PDF) (in Français). Service central de législation. Retrieved 1 July 2007.
External links
-
History of titles of the counts and dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (before 1467)
-
History of titles of the dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (1467-1795)
-
History of titles of the grand dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (since 1814)
References
-
Thewes, Guy (July 2003). Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 (PDF) (in French) (Édition limitée ed.). Luxembourg City: Service Information et Presse.
-
(French)/(German) "Archives of Mémorial A". Service central de législation. Retrieved 1 July 2007.
Heads of state and government of Europe
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Heads
of state
|
UN members
and observers
|
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Partially recognised2
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Unrecognised states3
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Heads of
government
|
UN members
and observers
|
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Partially recognised2
|
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Unrecognised states3
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-
Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Europe–Asia border.
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States recognised by at least one United Nations member.
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States not recognised by any United Nations members.
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Luxembourgish grand ducal titles
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