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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The Netherlands has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone, and parties often work with each other to form coalition governments.
The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 60,000 votes. Since this system was implemented in 1918, no party has even approached the seats needed for an outright majority. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, and all parties must adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.
Parties with representation in the Senate, House of Representatives or European Parliament, as of September 2012:
*: These political leaders are not President of the parliamentary parties in the House of Representatives.
European parliament, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, Liberalism, Democrats 66, Mark Rutte
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Amsterdam, European Parliament, Socialist Party (Netherlands), Party of European Socialists
Christian democracy, European People's Party, Politics, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, European Parliament
Amsterdam, Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom, European Union
Reformed Political Party, Christian democracy, European Parliament, Politics, Christian Democratic Appeal
Netherlands, Politics, World War II, Bible, Christian Democracy
Politics, Netherlands, Social liberalism, Liberalism in the Netherlands, Liberalism
Amsterdam, Socialism, Netherlands, Social democracy, Politics of the Netherlands