This article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone. Are you certain this article is inappropriate? Excessive Violence Sexual Content Political / Social
Email Address:
Article Id: WHEBN0003377359 Reproduction Date:
Nitroso refers to a organic chemistry which has the NO group attached to an organic moiety. As such, various nitroso groups can be categorized as C-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosoalkanes; R-N=O), S-nitroso compounds (nitrosothiols; RS-N=O), N-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosamines, R1N(-R2)-N=O), and O-nitroso compounds (alkyl nitrites; RO-N=O).
Nitrosyls are non-organic compounds containing the NO group, for example directly bound to the metal via the N-atom, giving a metal-NO moiety. Alternatively, a non-metal example is the common reagent nitrosyl chloride (Cl-N=O).
Nitric oxide is a stable radical, having an unpaired electron.
Reduction of nitric oxide gives the hyponitrite anion, NO−:
Oxidation of NO yields the nitrosonium cation, NO+:
Nitric oxide can serve as a ligand in complexes. The resulting complexes are called metal nitrosyls, and can bond to a metal atom in two extreme modes: as NO+ and as NO−. It is generally assumed that NO+ coordinates linearly, the M−N−O angle being 180°, whereas NO− forms a bent geometry, with an M−N−O angle of approximately 120°. However, the results of many studies have shown that the ionic descriptions of the NO ligand do not correlate with metal-NO geometry. A more realistic description of electron-counting in metal-nitrosyl chemistry is given by the Enemark-Feltham notation.
Nitroso compounds can be prepared by the reduction of nitro compounds or by the oxidation of hydroxylamines. A good example is (CH3)3CNO, known formally as 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane, or t-BuNO, which is prepared by the following sequence:[1]
(CH3)3CNO is blue and exists in solution in equilibrium with its dimer, which is colorless, m.p. 80–81 °C.
In the Fischer-Hepp rearrangement aromatic 4-nitroso-anilines are prepared from the corresponding nitrosamines. Another named reaction involving a nitroso compound is the Barton reaction.
Organonitroso compounds serve as a ligands for transition metals.[2]
Nitrite can enter two kinds of reaction, depending on the physico-chemical environment.
Many primary alkyl N-nitroso compounds, such as CH3N(H)NO, tend to be unstable with respect to hydrolysis to the alcohol. Those derived from secondary amines (e.g., (CH3)2NNO derived from dimethylamine) are more robust. It is these N-nitrosamines that are carcinogens in rodents.
In foodstuffs and in the gastro-intestinal tract, nitrosation and nitrosylation do not have the same consequences on consumer health.
Ethanol, Hydrogen, Glucose, Antimony, Sodium
Metadata, Isbn, International Standard Book Number, Prolog, Unicode
Chemical class, Alcohol, Imine, /anic Peroxide, Amine
Amine, Rhodium, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Oxime
Amide, Aniline, Imine, Alcohol, Acid