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The Salve Regina, also known as the Hail Holy Queen, is a Marian hymn and one of four Marian antiphons sung at different seasons within the Christian liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church. The Salve Regina is traditionally sung at Compline in the time from the Saturday before Trinity Sunday until the Friday before the first Sunday of Advent. The Hail Holy Queen is also the final prayer of the Rosary.
The work was composed during the Middle Ages. in Latin, the prevalent language of Western Christianity until modern times. Though traditionally ascribed to the eleventh-century German monk Hermann of Reichenau, it is regarded as anonymous by most musicologists.[1] Traditionally it has been sung in Latin, though many translations exist. These are often used as spoken prayers.
Marian antiphons have been sung, since the thirteenth century, at the close of Compline, the last Office of the day. Peter Canisius (d. 1597) noted that one praises God in Mary when one turns to her in song.[2] Liturgically, the Salve Regina is the best known of four prescribed Marian Anthems recited after Compline, and, in some uses, after Lauds or other Hours.[3] Its use after Compline is likely traceable to the monastic practice of intoning it in chapel and chanting it on the way to sleeping quarters.[4] As a piece of music, it is not part of the much older Gregorian chant repertoire, but may date back to the 11th century.
It was set down in its current form at the Abbey of Cluny in the 12th century, where it was used as a processional hymn on Marian feasts. The Cistercians chanted the Salve Regina daily from 1218.[3] It was popular at medieval universities as evening song, and according to Fr. Juniper Carol, it came to be part of the ritual for the blessing of a ship.[4]
In the 18th century, the Salve Regina served as the outline for the classic Roman Catholic Mariology book The Glories of Mary by Alphonsus Liguori. In the first part of the book Alphonsus, a Doctor of the Church, discusses the Salve Regina and explains how God gave Mary to mankind as the "Gate of Heaven".[5]
It was added to the series of prayers said at the end of Low Mass by Pope Leo XIII.
The Salve Regina is traditionally sung at the end of a priest's funeral Mass out of reverence to Mary the Mother of Christ the High Priest, and all priests.
As a prayer, it is commonly said at the end of the rosary.
In some cases, the following versicle, response, and collect are added:
Variations exist among most translations.
(in the version used by Catholics in the United Kingdom and in the Anglo-Catholic version, the wording "mourning and weeping in this vale of tears" is used in the 5th line)
The Divine Office offers the following hymn as an alternative to the Latin:
Catholic missals generally list two or three verses similar to the following:
As with many hymns, many more verses exist, but are rarely printed or sung. The Latin text[7] from which these verses are translated is:
As an essential component of the Compline service, the hymn has been set to music by various composers, including
The 1992 comedy film Sister Act features a performance of the hymn influenced by rock & roll and gospel music.
In 1976 the words of the first verse of the Salve Regina were used as a repeating theme in the song Oh What a Circus in the musical Evita, with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice.
. Gregorian chant which reflects in seven movements the lines of the hymn in Salve Regina
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