United States Senate elections, 1789

United States Senate elections, 1788 and 1789
Chosen by state legislatures
All of the 26 seats in the U.S. Senate
14 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Pro-Administration Anti-Administration
Seats won 19 (73.1%) 7 (26.9%)
Elected Majority faction

Pro-Administration

The United States Senate election of 1788 and 1789 were the first elections for the United States Senate, which coincided with the election of President George Washington. As of this election, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as "Pro-Administration," and the senators against him as "Anti-Administration."

As this election was prior to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]

Beginning of the 1st Congress

V1
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 P13 P12 P11
Majority →
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
V2

End of the 1st Congress

A6 A7 A8
A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 P18 P17 P16 P15 P14
Majority →
P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13
P3 P2 P1
Key:
A# Anti-Administration
P# Pro-Administration
V# Vacant
√ Party hold: Incumbent re-elected
O Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+ Party gain: New senator elected from different party
No tag Seat not up for election this year

Complete list of races

Bold state names indicate a link to a separate election article.

State Result Candidates
Connecticut
(Class 1) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Pro-Administration win 		Oliver Ellsworth (Pro-Administration)
Connecticut
(Class 3) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Pro-Administration win 		William S. Johnson (Pro-Administration)
Delaware
(Class 2) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Anti-Administration win 		Richard Bassett (Anti-Administration)
Delaware
(Class 1) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Pro-Administration win 		George Read (Pro-Administration)
Georgia
(Class 2) 		Winner elected in 1789.
Anti-Administration win 		William Few (Anti-Administration)
Georgia
(Class 3) 		Winner elected in 1789.
Anti-Administration win 		James Gunn (Anti-Administration)
Maryland
(Class 1) 		Winner elected in 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		Charles Carroll (Pro-Administration)
Maryland
(Class 3) 		Winner elected in 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		John Henry (Pro-Administration)
Massachusetts
(Class 1) 		Winner elected in 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		Tristram Dalton (Pro-Administration)
Massachusetts
(Class 2) 		Winner elected in 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		Caleb Strong (Pro-Administration)
New Hampshire
(Class 3) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Pro-Administration win 		John Langdon (Pro-Administration)
New Hampshire
(Class 2) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Anti-Administration win 		Paine Wingate (Anti-Administration)
New Jersey
(Class 1) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Pro-Administration win 		Jonathan Elmer (Pro-Administration)
New Jersey
(Class 2) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Pro-Administration win 		William Paterson (Pro-Administration)
New York
(Class 3) 		Winner elected on July 25, 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		Rufus King (Pro-Administration)
New York
(Class 1) 		Winner elected on July 27, 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		Philip Schuyler (Pro-Administration)
North Carolina
(Class 2) 		North Carolina ratified the Constitution November 21, 1789.
Winner elected November 27, 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		Benjamin Hawkins (Pro-Administration)
North Carolina
(Class 3) 		North Carolina ratified the Constitution November 21, 1789.
Winner elected November 27, 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		John Walker (Pro-Administration)
Pennsylvania
(Class 1) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Anti-Administration win 		William Maclay (Anti-Administration)
Pennsylvania
(Class 3) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Pro-Administration win 		Robert Morris (Pro-Administration)
South Carolina
(Class 2) 		Winner elected in 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		Pierce Butler (Pro-Administration)
South Carolina
(Class 3) 		Winner elected in 1789.
Pro-Administration win 		Ralph Izard (Pro-Administration)
Virginia
(Class 1) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Anti-Administration win 		William Grayson (Anti-Administration)
Virginia
(Class 2) 		Winner elected in 1788.
Anti-Administration win 		Richard Henry Lee (Anti-Administration)

See also

References

  1. ^ Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. 
  • Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
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