United States Senate elections, 1800 and 1801

Dates vary by state

10 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Federalist	Democratic-Republican
Last election	23 seats (61.9%)	9 seats (28.1%)
Seats before	22 (68.8%)	10 (31.2%)
Seats won	17 (54.5%)	15 (45.5%)
Seat change	5	5
Seats up	7	3

Majority party before election

Federalist

Elected Majority party

Federalist

The United States Senate election of 1800 was an election for the United States Senate which, coinciding with their takeover of the White House, led to the Democratic-Republican Party take control of the United States Senate. Although the Federalists began the next (7th) Congress with a slim majority, they lost their majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections.

As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

1 Change in Senate composition
2 Complete list of races in 1800 and 1801
3 See also
4 References

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	F₂₂	F₂₁	F₂₀	F₁₉	F₁₈	F₁₇
Majority →									F₁₇
F₇	F₈	F₉	F₁₀	F₁₁	F₁₂	F₁₃	F₁₄	F₁₅	F₁₆
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

End of the 6th Congress

DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁+	F₂₁O	F₂₀O	F₁₉O	F₁₈O	F₁₇O
Majority →									F₁₇O
F₇	F₈	F₉	F₁₀	F₁₁	F₁₂	F₁₃	F₁₄	F₁₅	F₁₆
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the 7th Congress

DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈√	DR₉O	DR₁₀O	DR₁₁+	DR₁₂+	DR₁₃+	DR₁₄+	DR₁₅+	F₁₇+
Majority →									F₁₇+
F₇	F₈	F₉	F₁₀	F₁₁	F₁₂	F₁₃√	F₁₄√	F₁₅O	F₁₆O
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Later in the 7th Congress (end of 1801)

DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄O	DR₁₅O	DR₁₆+
Majority →									DR₁₇+
F₇	F₈	F₉	F₁₀	F₁₁	F₁₂	F₁₃	F₁₄O	DR₁₈+	DR₁₇+
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

√	Party hold: Incumbent re-elected
O	Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+	Party gain: New senator elected from different party
No tag	Seat not up for election this time

Complete list of races in 1800 and 1801

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
New York (Class 1)	James Watson	Federalist	1798 (Special)	Incumbent resigned March 19, 1800, to become Naval Officer of the Port of New York. Winner elected April 8, 1800 to finish term ending March 4, 1803. Federalist hold	√ Gouverneur Morris (Federalist)
Massachusetts (Class 2)	Samuel Dexter	Federalist	1799 1796	Incumbent resigned May 30, 1800 to become U.S. Secretary of War Winner elected June 6, 1800 to finish term ending March 4, 1805. Federalist hold	√ Dwight Foster (Federalist)
Maryland (Class 3)	James Lloyd	Federalist	1797 (Special)	Incumbent resigned December 1, 1800. Winner elected December 12, 1800 to finish term ending March 4, 1801. Federalist hold	√ William Hindman (Federalist)
New York (Class 3)	John Laurance	Federalist	1796 (Special)	Incumbent resigned August 1800. Winner elected November 7, 1800 to finish term ending March 4, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain	√ John Armstrong (Democratic-Republican)
Massachusetts (Class 1)	Benjamin Goodhue	Federalist	1796 (Special) 1796	Incumbent resigned November 8, 1800. Winner elected November 14, 1800 to finish term ending March 4, 1803. Federalist hold	√ Jonathan Mason (Federalist)
New Jersey (Class 1)	James Schureman	Federalist	1799 (Special)	Incumbent resigned February 16, 1801. Winner elected February 28, 1801 to finish term ending March 4, 1803. Federalist hold	√ Aaron Ogden (Federalist)

Races leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Uriah Tracy	Federalist	1796 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1801.	√ Uriah Tracy (Federalist)
Georgia	James Gunn	Federalist	1789 1795	Democratic-Republican gain	√ James Jackson (Democratic-Republican)
Kentucky	Humphrey Marshall	Federalist	1794	Incumbent lost re-election Winner elected November 20, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain	√ John Breckinridge (Democratic-Republican)
Maryland	William Hindman	Federalist	1797 (Special)	Legislature failed to elect. Incumbent was then appointed to start the term ending March 4, 1807.	None
New Hampshire	John Langdon	Democratic- Republican	1795	Winner elected in 1801. Federalist gain	√ James Sheafe (Federalist)
New York	John Armstrong	Democratic- Republican	1800 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected April 8, 1801.	√ John Armstrong (Democratic-Republican)
North Carolina	Timothy Bloodworth	Democratic- Republican	1795	Winner elected November 27, 1800. Democratic-Republican hold	√ David Stone (Democratic-Republican)
Pennsylvania	William Bingham	Federalist	1795	Incumbent retired. Winner elected February 18, 1801.^[1] Democratic-Republican gain	√ Peter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 50.0% George Logan (Democratic-Republican) 48.9% William Jones (Democratic-Republican) 1.0%
South Carolina	Jacob Read	Federalist	1795	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1801. Democratic-Republican gain	√ John E. Colhoun (Democratic-Republican)
Vermont	Elijah Paine	Federalist	1795	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Elijah Paine (Federalist)

Special elections during the next Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Rhode Island (Class 2)	Ray Greene	Federalist	1797 (Special) 1799	Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801. Winner elected May 6, 1801 to finish the term ending March 4, 1805. Democratic-Republican gain	√ Christopher Ellery (Democratic-Republican)
New Hampshire (Class 2)	Samuel Livermore	Federalist	1798 (Special)	Incumbent resigned June 12, 1801. Winner elected June 17, 1801 to finish term ending March 4, 1805. Federalist hold	√ Simeon Olcott (Federalist)
Vermont (Class 3)	Elijah Paine	Federalist	1795 1801	Incumbent resigned September 1, 1801. Winner elected October 15, 1801 to finish term ending March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican gain	√ Stephen R. Bradley (Democratic-Republican)
Maryland (Class 3)	William Hindman	Federalist	1800 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee did not run to finish the term Winner elected November 19, 1801 to finish term ending March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican gain	√ Robert Wright (Democratic-Republican)
South Carolina (Class 2)	Charles Pinckney	Democratic- Republican	1798 (Special) 1798	Incumbent resigned June 6, 1801. Winner elected December 15, 1801 to finish the term ending March 4, 1805. Democratic-Republican hold	√ Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican)
Pennsylvania (Class 3)	Peter Muhlenberg	Democratic- Republican	1801	Incumbent resigned June 30, 1801. Winner elected December 16, 1801 to finish the term ending March 4, 1807.^[2] Democratic-Republican hold	√ George Logan (Democratic-Republican) 63.6% Joseph Hiester (Federalist) 28.0% Other 8.4%

References

^ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345434
^ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345554

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

United States Senate elections

1788/9 1790/1 1792/3 1794/5 1796/7 1798/9 1800/1 1802/3 1804/5 1806/7 1808/9 1810 1812 1814 1816 1818 1820 1822 1824 1826 1828 1830 1832 1834 1836 1838 1840 1842 1844 1846 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1862 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Special elections Election disputes List of elections in the United States

United States Senate elections, 1800 and 1801