United States Senate elections, 1804 and 1805

Dates vary by state

11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	22 seats (71.0%)	9 seats (39.0%)
Seats before	25 (73.5%)	9 (36.5%)
Seats won	27 (79.4%)	7 (20.6%)
Seat change	2	2
Seats up	7	4

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate election of 1804 was an election that expanded the Democratic-Republican Party's overwhelming control over the United States Senate. Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Results 1
Change in Senate composition 2
- Before the elections 2.1
- Beginning of the 9th Congress 2.2
Complete list of races in 1804 and 1805 3
- Special elections during the 8th Congress 3.1
- Races leading to the 9th Congress 3.2
- Special elections during the 9th Congress 3.3
See also 4
References 5

Results

Senate Party Division, 9th Congress (1805–1807):

Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (27)
Minority Party: Federalist (7)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 34

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

F₈	F₉	DR₂₅	DR₂₄	DR₂₃	DR₂₂	DR₂₁	DR₂₀	DR₁₉	DR₁₈
DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the 9th Congress

DR₂₇+	DR₂₆+	DR₂₅O	DR₂₄O	DR₂₃O	DR₂₂O	DR₂₁√	DR₂₀√	DR₁₉√	DR₁₈
DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
F₇√	F₆√	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

√	Party hold: Incumbent re-elected
O	Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+	Party gain: New senator elected from different party
No tag	Seat not up for election this time

Complete list of races in 1804 and 1805

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 8th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1804 or before March 4, 1805; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
New York (Class 3)	John Armstrong, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1800 (Special) 1801 (Resigned 1802) 1803 (Appointed)	Appointee was elected to the Class 1 seat. Winner elected February 23, 1804 to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed
New York (Class 1)	Theodorus Bailey	Democratic-Republican	1803	Resigned January 16, 1804 to become Postmaster of New York City. Winner elected February 25, 1804 to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Armstrong, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) Jacob Radcliff (Federalist) Egbert Benson (Federalist)
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Samuel J. Potter	Democratic-Republican	1803	Died October 14, 1804. Winner elected October 29, 1804 to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Benjamin Howland (Democratic-Republican)
Delaware (Class 2)	William H. Wells	Federalist	1799 (Special) 1799	Resigned November 6, 1804. Winner elected November 13, 1804 to finish the term ending March 4, 1805. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. Federalist hold.	√ James A. Bayard (Federalist)
New York (Class 1)	John Armstrong, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1804	Resigned to become U.S. Minister to France Winner elected November 23, 1804 to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Samuel Latham Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) Rufus King (Federalist) David Thomas (Democratic-Republican)
Virginia (Class 1)	Andrew Moore	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Appointed)	Appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat. Winner elected December 4, 1804 to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican)
Virginia (Class 2)	William B. Giles	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Appointed)	Appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 2 seat. Winner elected December 4, 1804 to finish the term ending March 4, 1805. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican)
South Carolina (Class 3)	Pierce Butler	Democratic-Republican	1802 (Special)	Resigned November 21, 1804. Winner elected December 6, 1804 to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican)

Races leading to the 9th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware	James A. Bayard	Federalist	November 1804 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William H. Wells (Federalist)
Georgia	Abraham Baldwin	Democratic- Republican	1799	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Abraham Baldwin (Democratic-Republican)
Kentucky	John Brown	Democratic- Republican	1792 (New seat) 1792 1799	Democratic-Republican hold	√ Buckner Thruston (Democratic-Republican)
Massachusetts	Timothy Pickering	Federalist	1803 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Timothy Pickering (Federalist)
New Hampshire	Simeon Olcott	Federalist	1801 (Special)	Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Nicholas Gilman (Federalist)
New Jersey	Jonathan Dayton	Federalist	1799	Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Aaron Kitchell (Federalist)
North Carolina	Jesse Franklin	Democratic- Republican	1798	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Turner (Democratic-Republican)
Rhode Island	Christopher Ellery	Democratic- Republican	1801 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Fenner (Democratic-Republican)
South Carolina	Thomas Sumter	Democratic- Republican	1801	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican)
Tennessee	William Cocke	Democratic- Republican	1799 (Special)	Democratic-Republican hold	√ Daniel Smith (Democratic-Republican)
Virginia	William B. Giles	Democratic- Republican	August 1804 (Appointed: Class 1) December 1804 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican)

Special elections during the 9th Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated in 1805 after March 4.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Kentucky (Class 3)	John Breckinridge	Democratic-Republican	1801	Resigned August 7, 1805 to become U.S. Attorney General Winner elected November 8, 1805 to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Adair (Democratic-Republican)

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

United States Senate elections

1788/9 1790/1 1792/3 1794/5 1796/7 1798/9 1800/1 1802/3 1804/5 1806/7 1808/9 1810 1812 1814 1816 1818 1820 1822 1824 1826 1828 1830 1832 1834 1836 1838 1840 1842 1844 1846 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1862 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Special elections Election disputes List of elections in the United States

United States Senate elections, 1804 and 1805