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Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology : Biochemistry for Medicine, Dental, Pharmacy and others

By Mohammed, Amanullah, Dr.

Book Id: WPLBN0004102367
Format Type: PDF (eBook)
File Size: 7.48 MB.
Reproduction Date: 14/03/2012

Title:	Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology : Biochemistry for Medicine, Dental, Pharmacy and others
Author:	Mohammed, Amanullah, Dr.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Non Fiction, Medicine, Biochemistry
Collections:	Authors Community, Most Popular Books in China, Favorites in India
Historic Publication Date:	2012
Publisher:	New Central Book Distributing agency, Kokotta, India

Member Page:	Amanullah Mohammed
Citation APA MLA Chicago Mohammed, D. A. (2012). Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology : Biochemistry for Medicine, Dental, Pharmacy and others. Retrieved from http://www.self.gutenberg.org/

Description
This book has been prepared for students of undergraduate courses in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, laboratory medicine, physiotherapy, veterinary science, agriculture, biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, biotechnology, molecular biology, etc. The main purpose is to provide an understanding of the basic concepts in biochemistry and biotechnology which are required for them in a simple and interesting manner. Though there are a lot of books providing extensive knowledge of these subjects in the market , it has been observed that most of the students, especially from non-English speaking countries feel intimidated by the complexities of these subjects. Hence, this book is an endeavor to fulfill their needs. Care has been taken to explain various topics in as simple a language as possible, without compromising on the quality of the subject matter. The text is supported with clear diagrams. Students, who are appearing for various competitive exams, will find this book equally helpful. This book will also serve as a handy tool for teachers and postgraduate students.

Summary
A precise and concise text book for Undergraduate Students of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Biology, Physiotherapy, Applied Medical Sciences and allied courses.

Excerpt
Biochemistry for undergraduate medical students is no less than a terror. Hence, this book brings them out of this nightmare.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS Ch. No. TITLE PAGE No. 1. BIOCHEMISTRY-Scope and Importance in Medical Sciences 1-2 2. GENERAL CHEMISTRY 3-10 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Water Acids And Bases pH Buffers Colloids Osmosis Radioactivity 5 5 6 6 8 8 9 3. CELL -Structure and Function 11-13 4. CARBOHYDRATES 14-24 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Classification Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides 14 15 21 23 5. LIPIDS 25-31 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Fatty Acids Classification of Lipids Simple Lipids Compound Lipids Derived Lipids Chemical Properties of lipids 25 26 26 27 29 30 6. PROTEINS 32-43 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Amino Acids Classification of Amino Acids Reactions of Amino Acids Primary Structure of Protein Secondary Structure of Protein \Tertiary Structure of Protein Quaternary Structure of Protein Properties of Proteins Classification of Proteins 32 32 34 38 38 39 40 42 42 7. NUCLEIC ACIDS 44-56 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Functions of DNA Packaging of DNA Properties of DNA Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 48 49 50 52 52 8. ENZYMES 57-69 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Classification of Enzymes Mechanism of Enzyme Action Factors Affecting Enzyme Action Enzyme Specificity Enzyme Inhibition Diagnostic Importance of Enzymes 58 59 60 63 64 66 9. VITAMINS 70-90 9.1 9.2 9.3 Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin 70 72 74 9.4 Pyridoxine 75 9.5 Pantothenic Acid 76 9.6 Biotin 77 9.7 Folic Acid 77 9.8 Lipoic Acid 79 9.9 Vitamin – B12 (Cobalamine) 80 9.10 Vitamin – C (Ascorbic Acid) 84 9.11 Vitamin – A 84 9.12 Vitamin – D 86 9.13 Vitamin – E 88 9.14 Vitamin – K 90 10. BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION 91-96 10.1 10.2 Electron Transport Chain Chemical Warfare 91 95 11. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 97-122 11.1 Digestion and Absorption 97 11.2 Glycolysis 99 11.3 Kreb’s Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle or TCA Cycle 103 11.4 Glycogenesis 106 11.5 Glycogenolysis 107 11.6 Glycogen Storage Diseases 109 11.7 Gluconeogenesis 109 11.8 Cori’s Cycle 112 11.9 HMP Pathway or Pentose Phosphate Pathway 112 11.10 Uronic Acid Pathway 113 11.11 Metabolism of Fructose 113 11.12 Metabolism of Galactose and Synthesis of Lactose 114 11.13 Regulation of Blood Sugar Level 115 11.14 Diabetes Mellitus 117 12. LIPID METABOLISM 123-141 12.1 Digestion and Absorption 123 12.2 ß-Oxidation of Fatty Acids 124 12.3 a-Oxidation of Fatty Acids 127 12.4 Omega–Oxidation 127 12.5 Oxidation of Fatty Acids with an Odd Number of Carbon Atoms 128 12.6 Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids 128 12.7 Ketone Bodies 129 12.8 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids 131 12.9 Biosynthesis of Cholesterol 136 12.10 Metabolism of Bile Acids 139 12.11 Lipoprotein Metabolism 139 12.12 Fatty Liver 140 12.13 Metabolism of Adipose Tissue 141 13. PROTEIN METABOLISM 142-161 13.1 Digestion and Absorption 142 13.2 General Reactions of Amino Acids 143 13.3 Urea Cycle 149 13.4 Metabolism of Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Threonine 152 13.5 Metabolism of Arginine, Proline, Histidine, Glutamine, Glutamate 152 13.6 Metabolism of Asparagine and Aspartate 154 13.7 Metabolism of Metheonine, Cysteine 154 13.8 Metabolism of Phenylalanine, Tyrosine 156 13.9 Metabolism of Tryptophan 157 13.10 Metabolism of Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine 158 13.11 Metabolism of Lysine 160 13.12 Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism 160 14. NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM 162-170 14.1 Digestion and Absorption 162 14.2 Catabolism of Nucleosides 162 14.3 Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleotides 165 14.4 Biosynthesis of Pyrimidine Nucleotides 168 14.5 Biosynthesis of Deoxynucleotides 170 15. HORMONES 171-192 15.1 Mechanism of Hormone Action 173 15.2 Growth Hormone 175 15.3 Prolactin 176 15.4 Oxytocin 176 15.5 Vasopressin or Antidiuretic Hormone 177 15.6 Thyroid Hormones 177 15.7 Parathormone 179 15.8 Insulin 180 15.9 Glucagon 181 15.10 Catecholamines 181 15.11 Corticosteroids 182 15.12 Testosterone 184 15.13 Estrogens 185 15.14 Progesterone 185 15.15 Hormone Receptors 185 15.16 Hormone metabolites in diagnosis 187 16. WATER AND MINERAL METABOLISM 193-213 16.1 Water Metabolism 194 16.2 Mineral Metabolism 196 16.3 Calcium 197 16.4 Phosphorus 201 16.5 Magnesium 202 16.6 Sodium, Potassium, Chloride 202 16.7 Sulphur 206 16.8 Iron Metabolism 207 16.9 Copper 210 16.10 Iodine 212 16.11 Selenium 213 17. ENERGY METABOLISM 214-227 17.1 Measurement of Calorific Value of Food 214 17.2 Measurement of Energy Expenditure 215 17.3 Respiratory Quotient 217 17.4 Basal Metabolic Rate-BMR (Resting Metabolic Rate-RMR) 217 17.5 Specific Dynamic Action (S.D.A.) /Thermic effect of Food 219 17.6 Principles of Nutrition 219 17.7 Balanced Diet 222 17.8 Energy Requirements 223 18. BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS 228-247 18.1 Blood 228 18.2 Plasma Proteins 231 18.3 Hemoglobin 233 18.4 Hemoglobin Derivatives 236 18.5 Abnormal Hemoglobins 236 18.6 Immunoglobulins 239 18.7 Cerebrospinal Fluid 243 18.8 Amniotic Fluid 245 18.9 Cytosol 246 18.10 Interstitial Fluid 246 19. CLINICAL AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY 248-279 19.1 Hemoglobin degradation and jaundice 248 19.2 Diseases and disorders of the liver 251 19.3 Detoxification 253 19.4 Diseases and disorders of kidney 256 19.5 Diagnostic importance of NPN substances 262 19.6 Urine 263 19.7 Renal calculi 266 19.8 Gastric function tests 268 19.9 Hyperlipidemia 271 19.10 Atherosclerosis 274 19.11 Cancer 274 20. TISSUE AND ORGAN BIOCHEMISTRY 280-295 20.1 Epithelial Tissue 280 20.2 Connective Tissue 283 20.3 Muscle Tissue 287 20.4 Nervous Tissue 290 20.5 Liver 292 20.6 Kidney 293 20.7 Brain 294 20. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 296-333 20.1 Mendelian Genetics and Inheritance 296 20.2 Informational Macromolecules 305 20.3 DNA Replication 309 20.4 Transcription 312 20.5 Translation 317 20.6 Regulation of Gene Expression 323 20.7 Mutations, DNA Damage and Repair 327 21. BIOTECHNOLOGY 334-375 21.1 Nucleic Acid Probes 334 21.2 Gene Sequencing 334 21.3 Artificial Synthesis of DNA 336 21.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction 338 21.5 Recombinant DNA Technology 342 21.6 Subunit Vaccines 353 21.7 Organ, Tissue, Cell Culture 358 21.8 Hybridoma Technique 361 21.9 Molecular Basis of Disease Diagnosis and Treatment 364 21.10 Fermentation Technology 370 22. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN REPRODUCTION 376-382 22.1 Semen 376 22.2 Methods of Semen Collection 378 22.3 Separation of X and Y Spermatozoa 378 22.4 Sperm Washing 379 22.5 Cryopreservation of Semen 379 22.6 Semen Thawing 381 22.7 In Vitro Fertilization 381 REFERENCES 383-387 INDEX 388