...HE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992... ...Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From t... ...h tragedy again? To answer these questions, the Congress and the President created the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States... ...system known as CAPPS (Computer Assisted Passen- ger Prescreening System), created to identify passengers who should be subject to special security me... ...fic controllers, FAA management, and military coordination had occurred in 1993. 90 In order to understand how the two agencies interacted eight years... ...that killed 241 U.S. Marines, the 1992 bombing in Aden, and especially the 1993 firefight in Somalia after which the United States “left the area carr... ...gents. It lacked sufficient translators proficient in Arabic and other key languages, resulting in a significant backlog of untranslated intercepts. 2... ...y few American colleges or universities offered programs in Middle Eastern languages or Islamic studies.The total number of undergraduate degrees gran... ...use everyone was already on edge with the millennium and possible computer programming glitches (“Y2K”) that might obliterate records, shut down power...

... a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin?s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988?1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992?1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda?s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996?1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERR...