...HE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992... ...Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From t... ...First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . . . and in the Federal Aviation... ...ans fight with Kashmiri Muslims, and when the Philippine government fights ethnic Mus- lims in its southern islands.America is also held responsible f... ...ed States supplied billions of dollars worth of secret assistance to rebel groups in Afghanistan fighting the Soviet occupation.This assistance was fu... ...that was to serve as the coordinating body for the consortium of terrorist groups with which he was forging alliances. It was composed of his own al Q... ...s that were still independent. In building this Islamic army , he enlisted groups from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jor- dan, Lebanon, Iraq, Oman, Algeria, Li... ... the northern Afghanistan border to assist the Tajikistan Islamists in the ethnic conflicts that had been boiling there even before the Central Asian ... ...n- tacts was a group associated with particular tribes among Afghanistan’s ethnic Pashtun community. 8 By the fall of 1997, the Bin Ladin unit had rou...

... a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin?s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988?1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992?1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda?s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996?1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERR...