...HE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992... ...Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From t... ...gate just before 8:00. 10 Washington Dulles:American 77. Hundreds of miles southwest of Boston, at Dulles International Airport in the Virginia suburb... ...nutes after the hijacking began, Betty Ong contacted the American Airlines Southeastern Reservations Office in Cary, North Carolina, via an AT&T airph... ...read of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and even into Europe within less than a cen- tury—seemed, and seems... ... closer investigation of potential ter- rorism. He also loosened the rules governing authorization for investigations and their duration. Still, his g... ... have been available: nurturing Afghan exile groups as a possible moderate governing alternative to the T aliban. In late 1999, W ashington provided s... ...ists would take advantage of such breakdowns. 3 6.1 THE MILLENNIUM CRISIS “Bodies Will Pile Up in Sacks” On November 30, 1999, Jordanian intelligence ... ...nfrastructure such as power grids, areas where people con- gregate such as sports arenas, and civil aviation generally. It warned that the 1993 World ...

... a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin?s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988?1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992?1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda?s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996?1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERR...