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...tuous attitude towards the mundane: profits, business cycles, conservative economists, doubtful journalists, and cautious analysts. Yet, deep inside... ... the Agency of Privatization, by the Stock Exchange, and by the Ministry of Trade. 1999 to 2002 Economic Advisor to the Government of the Republic o... ...ith Nikola Gruevski), Skopje, 1998 "The Exporters' Pocketbook", Ministry of Trade, Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, 1999 "Malignant Self Love – Narci...

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... 9 6. Could Protectionism Create Free Trade between 11 Russia, and China? 7. Are ... ...itches, fixing roads, and building mega projects? Would these generations who traded blue overalls, for jeans and a desk with a laptop able to live ... ... produced in China can be exported, whilst raw material deals are linked with trade. China is one country that should pull out of the recession qu... ...e. 10 Could Protectionism Create Free Trade Between Russia and China? Resource rich Russia, and Industrial... ...ionship with China, and it could turn China to look for strategic allies in a trade war, were national interests become more important than Internat... ...d and richest economies in in the World. And its the Politicians, Bankers and Economists who are backing these plans. So, where are these huge amoun... ... 28 The Dangers of Stagflation Many Economists fear that the effects of mass bailouts, and stimulus package... ...tion worsens in degrees. Compared to economic conditions in late 2008, many Economists may agree that stagflation is a sign the economy has stoppe... ... GDP ratio, leaving less scope for borrowing then before February 2009. If Economists are right, then the economic slide has been slowed down, and...

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...ts and the Nazi brown ones. The IMRO has developed into a fascist organization. It traded opium. It hired out the services of its skilled assassins... ...ed units, as Austria's Minister of Foreign affairs suggested. He further offered a trade-off: recognition of Russia's rights of passage through the... ... KLA was so ill-equipped to cope with this fortuitous cornucopia - that it began to trade weapons, a gainful avocation it found hard to dislodge eve... ...rders - can be in little doubt. But I find the proposition that the KLA itself has traded in drugs unlikely. The long-established Albanian clans ... ...LA take over any of their territory and its incumbent profits. The KLA might have traded weapons. It might have dabbled in smuggling. It might hav... ...ably ruthless media, its obese tourists, its illiterate soldiers, and its armchair economists - continue to play the role of God, wreaking greater ...

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...Modern labour theories and practice. Covers issues like employment, unemployment, migration, brain drain, entrepreneurship, workaholism, and trade unions....

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...cution of violating employers a high and urgent priority. The number of trade inspectors should at least be tripled, as per standards in other dev... ...ational Employment Contract” should be signed between the government, the trade unions, the employers (Chamber of Commerce) and the Central Bank. Al... ...orkers or through stock options schemes to the workers). In return, the trade unions will be granted effective control of the shop floor. This is ... ... employees who have been with the firm for a minimum of time. Firms and trade unions must forego the seniority treatment (firing only the newly hi... ...g the registration of international patents, brand names, copyrights, and trademarks and by organizing innovation fairs and exhibitions in Macedonia... ... deliberate stabilization policies. There has been much controversy among economists over the substance and meaning of Keynes's theoretical contribut... ...y. Keynes's pessimistic view of monetary policy had a strong influence on economists and governments during and immediately after World War II, with... ...e level of employment after the war." One of the most influential British economists at this time was Sir William Beveridge, whose book Full Employm... ...rkets for jobs and goods. These findings are supported by other prominent economists. Stiglitz concluded that NAIRU, in itself, is meaningless. It i...

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... his response is aiming at. Ludwig von Mises Economics - to the great dismay of economists - is merely a branch of psychology. It deals with ind... ... standard theory of utility and the theory of general equilibrium. Irritatingly for economists, people change their preferences mysteriously and ir... ... also caused by its own effect. These are symptoms of an all-pervasive malaise. Economists are simply not sure what precisely constitutes their ... ...– The theory must yield policy prescriptions, much like physics yields technology. Economists must develop "economic technology" - a set of tools, ... ...ology and innovation are supposed to achieve the former - rational governance, free trade, and free markets the latter. The telegraph, the telepho... ...rto. Operations research, mathematical modeling, transparent decision making, free trade, and professional management - help better allocate these ... ... dimension of risk: "The Chicago Board Options Exchange's VIX index, a measure of traders' expectations of share price gyrations, in July reached ... ...have become ever more frequent, from the Asian crisis in 1997 right up to the World Trade Centre attacks. Moreover, it is not just price gyrations t... ... miserably when the markets change sign. There is disagreement among scholars and traders whether one should better use historical data or current...

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...d services who may recognize broader areas for applicability of the tools of their trade; and (4) those involved in pursuits in which marketing appr... ...ions of their own conduct that the ultimate good desired is better reached by free trade in ideas-that the best test of truth is the power of the tho... ...bad, across vast regions on a scale unprecedented in history. So it is time for the trade in ideas, as perceived by Holmes, itself to be discussed mo... ... Smokending Social security Solar energy Subsidies, government Suicide hotline Trade associations Unicef Union label, buy United way Urban pl... ... than half a century since Chief Justice Holmes alluded to a marketplace for a free trade in ideas. Yet as of this writing no structure seems to hav... ...osis and attorneys rely on an experiential approach or what is called "case law." Economists look to utility theory emphasizing the most efficient a... ... preference and taste as determinants of welfare and these ideas are borrowed from economists by marketers in framing their own special way to solve... ...ate and choose what is required in order for them to achieve optimal satisfaction. Economists assume that individuals seek an "optimal bundle" of pro... ...at is, satisfied with something "good enough," rather than optimally. Thus, while economists assume the existence of bundles of goods and theorize ...

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...y to the environmental constraints of the Kyoto Protocol, the rulings of the World Trade Organization, and the rigors of global intellectual proper... ...at its convenience. Its soldiers and peacekeepers, its bankers and businessmen, its traders and diplomats are its long arms, an embodiment of this p... ... aided and abetted countless murderous dictatorships. This alleged sponsor of free trade is the most protectionist of rich nations. This ostensible... ...f you review the commercial history, you will discover anyone who controls oriental trade will get hold of global wealth." Thus, US expansion was co... ... or advantageous position." America entered the first world war only when "its free trade position was challenged," opines the red-top. American m... ...ably ruthless media, its obese tourists, its illiterate soldiers, and its armchair economists - continue to play the role of God, wreaking greater ... ...the club's all-powerful and tentacular business families, international bankers and economists told the Times of Oman. The rigidity and malignant s... ...economy with much needed liquidity and impetus. Last August, a group of Iraqi-born economists gathered at the Department of State in Washington. On... ...raq: "People talk of the Iraqi Diaspora as if we have been idle. On the contrary, economists like myself have been working within the agencies of ...

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...tuous attitude towards the mundane: profits, business cycles, conservative economists, doubtful journalists, and cautious analysts. Yet, deep inside... ...an ocean. He likes to think of himself as a Renaissance man, a Jack of all trades. The narcissist never admits to ignorance in any field – yet, typ... ...ion, anti- globalization, mass migration, capital and labour mobility, free trade - are all new mantras but very old phenomena. Sometimes the parall... ...natural ally of domestic businessmen until he embarked on an unprecedented trade liberalization campaign in 1860. Similarly, Putin is nudging Russi... ...l complex, and the energy behemoths. Foreign Policy Napoleon III was a free trader - as is Putin. He believed in the beneficial economic effects of ... ...e but spoiled, self-centred, monomaniacal, and emotive individual. A tacit trade takes place. We offer the famous and the powerful all the Narcissi...

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...assimilate into an external, delocal environment: demands of international trade, scientific-technological development, or a utopia of development. Th... ...ustry are becoming international, globalizing. In Asia, too, a common free trade area, ASEAN, is being established, evidently to become a continental ... ...nental culture lives ever more closely within his own technosystem, and as economists say, the successful performer is 'world class', he is able to bu... ...ell. At the temple, I learned to read and also to write old Thai language. Traders used to load their wares on the backs of buffalo or zebu, and would... ... those days were salt and soured fish, fermented fish. Today you don't see traders with their wares on buffalo and zebu. Today, goods are transported ... ...m studying at the Lampang teacher training college. No. I used to be a car trader. I sold cars in a marquee in Lampang. I invested a lot in the cars. ... ...ollowing a developmental strategy of vassal states. The government, led by economists, has only been concerned by the future of international large-sc...

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...lives - of fighter pilots. Military planners are well aware that there is a hushed trade-off between civilian and combatant casualties. This dilem... ...ivate B not to follow B's self-interest - never mind what the incentives are. That economists pretend otherwise - in "optimal contracting theory" -... ... producers and consumers - these are all instances of the Principal-Agent Problem. Economists would do well to discard their models and go back to ... ...rtaives of craftsmen (Proudhon), a federation of voluntary associations (Bakunin), trade unions (anarcho- syndicalists), ideal communism (Kropotkin)... ...countryside's reaction to this damnation. It was a Hobson's choice and an explicit trade-off. Local lords defended their vassals against nomad intr... ...petual service bordering on slavery. A small percentage of the population lived on trade behind the massive walls of Medieval cities. In most part... ...nd Macedonia attest to this continuity of feudal practices. Both manual labour and trade were derided in the Ancient World. This derision was parti... ...n the "intellectual competition", which opposes the above premises. Many important economists thought (and still do) that competition laws represen... ... his response is aiming at." Ludwig von Mises Economics - to the great dismay of economists - is merely a branch of psychology. It deals with ind...

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...lives - of fighter pilots. Military planners are well aware that there is a hushed trade-off between civilian and combatant casualties. This dilem... ...ivate B not to follow B's self-interest - never mind what the incentives are. That economists pretend otherwise - in "optimal contracting theory" -... ... producers and consumers - these are all instances of the Principal-Agent Problem. Economists would do well to discard their models and go back to ... ...rtaives of craftsmen (Proudhon), a federation of voluntary associations (Bakunin), trade unions (anarcho- syndicalists), ideal communism (Kropotkin)... ...countryside's reaction to this damnation. It was a Hobson's choice and an explicit trade-off. Local lords defended their vassals against nomad intr... ...petual service bordering on slavery. A small percentage of the population lived on trade behind the massive walls of Medieval cities. In most part... ...nd Macedonia attest to this continuity of feudal practices. Both manual labour and trade were derided in the Ancient World. This derision was parti... ...n the "intellectual competition", which opposes the above premises. Many important economists thought (and still do) that competition laws represen... ... his response is aiming at." Ludwig von Mises Economics - to the great dismay of economists - is merely a branch of psychology. It deals with ind...

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...made the Treaty with the Great White Chief in Washington. 1 signed my name and traded the land of our ancestors for a reservation. 1 did it to buy ... ... watched a banal debate on the state of the economy between two supposed expert economists. One said that the GNP was up and the trade deficit was c... ...y between two supposed expert economists. One said that the GNP was up and the trade deficit was coming down because Mexico was buy­ ing more goods,... .... Pierce had met Matloch more than ten years before, when he was a Wall Street Trader hustling junk bonds to naive blue chip stockholders. He had r... ... nasty as they come and always had a hidden agenda. Corruption was his stock-in-trade. Fact: Pierce had to be stopped. (Personal) Fact: Richard Haw... ...evidence that Iran is selling enriched uranium to radical groups whose stock-in-trade 1.f6 Johnathan Cross is terrorism. There's a lunatic fringe ...

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...s covered include GDP, economic growth, microcredit, aid, and the Bretton Woods Organizations (the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organisation). The book is intended for an international audience. Though filled with references, the book is written in a friendly and accessible rather than academic style, aimed at activists, NGO professionals, and o...

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...Well Everyone is Doing MYTH #3: Economic Growth is Necessary to End Poverty MYTH #4: The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization Seek Primarily to Alleviate Poverty MYTH #5: Aid Alone, or Aid as Currently Practiced, Significantly Reduces Poverty MYTH #6: Microcredit & Income Generation are Miracle Cures for Poverty MYTH #7: Inequa...

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... poor. If he is addicted to the fine arts or to pure science instead of to trade and finance, let him be poor. If he chooses to spend his urban eighte... ...ws that when society offered him the alternative of poverty or a lucrative trade in death and destruction, it offered him, not a choice between opulen... ... can be done easily enough: the demonstrations to the contrary made by the economists, jurists, moralists and sentimentalists hired by the rich to de-... ...’ drains, and are made ill by the architecture of their neighbors’ houses. Trade patterns made to suit vulgar people do not please them (and they can ... ...female labor cheapened by prostitution as unscrupulously as a hotel keeper trades in waiters’ labor cheap- ened by tips, or commissionaire’s labor che...

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... the tone of a moralist. “It is perfectly true.” “All my money was made in trade,” said Agatha; “but I should be ashamed to save myself by shifting bl... ...re, unsuccessful people. However, he acquired some knowledge of the cotton trade, saved some money, borrowed some more on the security of his reputati... ...ge. I don’t see what it has to do with us, since you are not in the cotton trade.” “You learned as much as it was thought safe to teach you, no doubt;... ...he types after which we all strive.” “Not all, Sidney . Not we two. I hate tradespeople and coun- try squires. We belong to the artistic and cultured ... ...oloch. Nine out of ten of them are diseased creatures, just sane enough to trade on their own neuroses. The only quality oœ theirs which extorts my re... ...hip-captains, criminals, poets, men of science, peers, peasants, political economists, and representatives of dozens of degrees. The object of the col...

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...e non-human environment is classed together as industrial activity. By the economists who have best retained and adapted the classical tradition, man’... ...ds. It has been customary in economic theory, and espe- cially among those economists who adhere with least falter- ing to the body of modernised clas... ...omes differentiated into two distinct employments. On the one hand it is a trade, carried on chiefly for gain; and from this the element of exploit is... ...ome feeling is consequently also slight. At the same time the wages in the trade are high enough to make movement from place to place relatively easy.... ...f dissipation that is lived up to as a matter of course by everyone in the trade. The greater prevalence of dissipation among printers than among the ... ...d the more transient character of acquaintance and hu- man contact in this trade. But the substantial ground of this high requirement in dissipation i... ...ish. Hence it has come about that there are today no goods supplied in any trade which do not contain the honorific element in greater or less degree....

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...at he considered every laborer, though in many points he differed from the economists and had his own theory of the wage-fund, which he expounded to L... ...coming near the end. And so now he eagerly abandoned the principle of free-trade, and fully agreed. Alexey Alexandrovitch paused, thoughtfully turning...

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...s Hall, dreariest music-room in Lon- don, though not as dreary as the Free Trade Hall, Manchester; and even if you sit on the extreme left of that hal... ...ts oppressing like the galleries of a mine. No harm was done by the fog to trade, for it lay high, and the lighted windows of the shops were thronged ... ...was the utmost she dare hope for. Between the idealists, and the political economists, Margaret had a bad time. Disagreeing elsewhere, they agreed in ... ...ible?” “Some one’s got to go,” he said simply. England will never keep her trade overseas unless she is pre- pared to make sacrifices. Unless we get f... ... since they built those pretty houses.” “Shows things are moving. Good for trade.” “I hate this continual flux of London. It is an epitome of us at ou... ...our people?” He could answer this. His parents, who were dead, had been in trade; his sisters had married commer- cial travellers; his brother was a l...

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...ed by Colonel Torrens’ Budget have again called the attention of political economists to the discussions of the abstract sci- ence: and from the addit... ...uable results of modern political phi- losophy, the doctrine of Freedom of Trade between nation and nation. The opinions now laid before the reader ar... ... contingent upon the adoption of some corresponding de- gree of freedom of trade with this country, by the nation from which the commodities are impor... ...ge of their productions. Previ- ously to his time, the benefits of foreign trade were deemed, even by the most philosophical enquirers, to consist in ... ...nterior to Mr. Ricardo. But it was he who first, in the chapter on Foreign Trade, of his immortal Principles of 6 Essays on Some Unsettled Questions ... ...ific, if not positively false, conceptions with regard to the advantage of trade, a philosophical expo- sition which explains, with strict precision, ... ...s in the exports, and imports are rather an evil than otherwise. Political economists, seeing the folly of these views, and clearly perceiving that th... ...language of the mercantile system, underselling: a subject which political economists have taken little trouble to elucidate, from the habit before al... ...s; a circumstance which the assailants of Mr. M’Culloch, whether political economists or not, have not, we believe, hitherto thought of producing agai...

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...urgeoisie. The East Indian and Chinese markets, the colonisation of America, trade with the colonies, the increase in the means of exchange and in com... ...le chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom — Free Trade. In one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political i... ...per, the pawnbro ker, etc. The lower strata of the middle class — the small trades people, shopkeepers, retired tradesmen generally, the handicraft... ...abourers, then by the workpeople of a factory, then by the operatives of one trade, in one locality, against the “The Communist Manifesto” 10 indivi... ...ions between two classes. Thereupon the workers begin to form combinations (Trades Unions) against the bourgeois; they club together in order to keep... ...ecure the continued exist ence of bourgeois society. To this section belong economists, philanthropists, hu manitarians, improvers of the condition ...

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... Syndical- ist fear of the State, by adopting a system of federalism among trades for reasons similar to those which are recommending federalism among... ... ers, then by the workpeople of a factory, then by the opera- tives of one trade, in one locality, against the individual bour- geois who directly exp... ...be- tween two classes. Thereupon the workers begin to form com- binations (Trades Unions) against the bourgeois; they club together in order to keep u... ...d suffering among that portion of the popula- tion connected with the lace trade, unknown in other parts of the kingdom, indeed, in the civilized worl... ..., &c.” “Our white slaves,” cried the “Morning Star,” the organ of the free-traders, Cobden and Bright, “our white slaves, who are toiled into the grav... ...be entertained as to what democracy would achieve. Marx, like the orthodox economists, imagined that men’s opinions are guided by a more or less enlig...

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...l desire. I have never belonged to that school. I am no impas- sioned Free Trader—the sacred principle of Free Trade has always impressed me as a piec... ...and mountain chain that cut it meridianally. Obviously its main routes and trades and rela- tions lie naturally north and south; obviously its full de... ... shut off the east and half the west by impossible tariffs, and narrow its trade to one artificial duct to England, but only at the price of a ham- pe... ...cessities, needing entire freedom to make its own bargains and control its trade in its own way in order to achieve its fullest material possibilities... ... ar- rangements, and it was Napoleon’s attempt to strangle the Continental trade with Great Britain that began his downfall. I do not find in the ordi... ...peted one with another and died and reproduced just like animals, and that economists, following List, have for the purposes of fiscal controversy dis...

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...imi lated. Formerly , different ranks, different neighbor hoods, different trades and professions lived in what might be called different worlds; at... ...he general interest to permit—namely, fraud or treachery , and force. Again, trade is a social act. Whoever undertakes to sell any description of good... ...for supplying them selves elsewhere. This is the so called doctrine of Free Trade, which rests on grounds different from, though equally solid with, ... ...the principle of individual liberty asserted in this Essay . Restrictions on trade, or on production for purposes of trade, are indeed restraints; and... ...dual liberty is not On Liberty — Mill 112 involved in the doctrine of Free Trade so neither is it in most of the questions which arise respecting th... ...his part of the sub ject has been sufficiently enlarged upon by politi cal economists, and is not particularly related to On Liberty — Mill 129 th...

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...sture, indeed, little as yet has been done: with a strange indifference, our Economists, nigh buried un der Tables for minor Branches of Industry, ha... ...such as ours, richer than usual in two things, in Truths grown obsolete, and Trades grown obsolete,—what can the fool think but that it is all a Den o... ... 116 SARTOR RESARTUS teous brevity, I signify my indifference to contraband trade, my humane inten tions, yet strong wish to be private. In vain: th... ... ing to himself a suit of Leather. This man, the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker, was one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, ... ...s; but only spiders and unclean beetles, in horrid accumulation, drive their trade; and the mask still glares on you with its glass eyes, in ghastly a... ... that the Body Politic be decently interred, to avoid putrescence? Liberals, Economists, Utilitarians enough I see marching with its bier, and chantin... ...r: but does the Minnow understand the Ocean Tides and periodic Currents, the Trade winds, and Monsoons, and Moon’s Eclipses; by all which the conditi...

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...the books of poets and novelists, but of revolutionary biologists and even economists. Without at least a few plays by myself and Mr Granville Barker,... ...ts old routine without neces- sarily understanding it, just as Bond Street tradesmen and domestic servants keep fashionable society going without any ... ... save it; so they threw away the tools of their beneficent and enno- bling trades, and took up the blood-stained bayonet and the murderous bomb, forci... ...t followed it in 30 Heartbreak House his heyday until every trick of that trade had become so stale that the laughter they provoked turned to loathin... ...f us have been torn from the fools’ paradise in which the theatre formerly traded, and thrust upon the sternest realities and necessities until we hav... ...e doctors and the lawyers and the parsons and the restaurant chefs and the tradesmen and the servants and all the rest of the parasites and blackmaile...

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...he author of the History of British India . My father, the son of a petty tradesman and (I believe) small farmer, at Northwater Bridge, in the county... ...our in public affairs, by the petition of the merchants of London for free trade, drawn up in 1820 by Mr. T ooke and presented by Mr. Alexander Baring... ...as a lutte corps à corps 72 Autobiography between Owenites and political economists, whom the Owenites regarded as their most inveterate opponents: ... ...hat he called “the universal principles of hu man nature of the political economists,” and insisted on the evidence which history and daily experienc... .... In those days I had seen little further than the old school of political economists into the possibili ties of fundamental improvement in social ar... ... subjects of political economy since the nation has been converted to free trade, as they were before; and are still further from hav ing acquired be... ...t to certain conditions, depend on human will. The commom run of political economists confuse these together, under the designation of economic laws, ... ...and rent will be determined by certain causes; but this class of political economists drop the indispensable presupposition, and ar gue that these ca...