...t to be made in exchange for it, from the perspective of the affected business or the consumers of its product.) For this assessment, the pref... ...international leg. The benefit from such a modal switch is the value the firm or its consumer attaches to saving a day in transit, while the costs ... ...t, while the costs are the higher freight charge that is involved in the use of air. Consumers, however, demand less of a good when its price is hig... ...panies are the best source, the data have to be collected on an ad hoc basis. In theory, international freight costs can be estimated indirectly...