...0 ___ 1 37278_u00.qxd 8/28/08 11:04 AM Page iii A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. Copyright © 2008 by James Boyle.... ...reative Commons, 179 9 An Evidence-Free Zone, 205 10 An Environmentalism for Information, 230 Notes and Further Readings, 249 Index, 297 v 37278_u00.q... ...ound a shared problem—an imbalance in the rules that define prop- erty in the information age. It is that problem, its history, philosophy, and politic... ...l the story of the battles over intellectual property, the range wars of the information age. I want to convince you that intellectual property is imp... ...ctual property, to ex- plain why it matters, why it is the legal form of the information age. The second goal is to persuade you that our intellectual... ... sound so good. Patents, by contrast, keep the knowledge public, at least in theory; 3 you must describe it to own it.) And again, decisions about the... ... could turn to the cutting edge of technology or to economics or information theory. But none of those would be as useful a starting place as a letter... ... one of the supporters of copyright extension declared that it was merely “a theory” that monopoly makes things expensive. Macaulay agrees, tongue in ... ... monopoly makes things expensive. Macaulay agrees, tongue in cheek. “It is a theory in Chapter 2 22 -1 ___ 0 ___ 1 ___ 37278_u01.qxd 8/28/08 11:04 A...

...A SET OF NEW SMARANDACHE FUNCTIONS, SEQUENCES AND CONJECTURES IN NUMBER THEORY Felice Russo AMERICAN RESEARCH PRESS Lupton USA 2000 Wrongness of n ... ...universe is undoubtedly very fascinating and is halfway between the number theory and the recreational mathematics. Even though sometime this univers... ...Even though sometime this universe has a very simple structure from number theory standpoint, it doesn't cease to be deeply mysterious and interesting... ...lems, new Smarandache type sequences and new Smarandache Notions in number theory. Moreover a chapter (IV) is dedicated to the analysis of Smarandach... ...the analysis of Smarandache Double factorial function introduced in number theory by F. Smarandache ("The Florentin Smarandache papers" special colle... ...of integers out of infinite number of them. Anyway we can get some further information from experimental data about the validity of this conjeture. In...

... (Romania), and Archives of State (Rm. Valcea, Romania). The Smarandache's universe is undoubtedly very fascinating and is halfway between the number theory and the recreational mathematics. Even though sometime this universe has a very simple structure from number theory standpoint, it doesn't cease to be deeply mysterious and interesting. This book, following the Smarand...

...vely and critically discussed by English scholars, there are few sources of information available to the student who wishes to make himself familiar ... ... THE PHILOSOPHY OF HERACLITUS 63 Statement of the problem.—The theory of Pappenheim.—The theory of Brochard.—Zeller's theory.—The theor... ...theory of Brochard.—Zeller's theory.—The theory of Ritter and Saisset.—The theory of Hirzel and Natorp.—Critical examination of the subject. CHAP... ...genetic relations of man to the lower animals, and a common interest in the theory of human knowledge. While, however, some of the pages of Sextus' ... ...his condemnation of the attitude of the Empirical School in relation to the theory of knowledge. This difference between the two schools was a small ... ...d on a subtle and unimportant point; in fact, a difference in philosophical theory, and not in medical practice. [1] Brochard Op. cit. Livre IV. 31... ...e gain very little knowledge from internal evidence, and outside sources of information are equally uncertain. Diogenes Laertius must have been a ge...

...philosophy. For while other schools of Greek philosophy have been exhaustively and critically discussed by English scholars, there are few sources of information available to the student who wishes to make himself familiar with the teachings of Pyrrhonism. The aim has been, accordingly, to give a concise presentation of Pyrrhonism in relation to its historical development ...

...a common desire to investigate the phenomena of sense-perception, and the genetic relations of man to the lower animals, and a common interest in the theory of human knowledge. While, however, some of the pages of Sextus' works would form a possible introduction to certain lines of modern philosophical thought, we cannot carry the analogy farther, for Pyrrhonism as a whol...

...rippa.—The two Tropes.—The Tropes of Aenesidemus against Aetiology.. 31 -- Aenesidemus And The Philosophy Of Heraclitus-Statement of the problem.—The theory of Pappenheim.—The theory of Brochard.—Zeller's theory.—The theory of Ritter and Saisset.—The theory of Hirzel and Natorp.—Critical examination of the subject.. 63 -- Critical Examination Of Pyrrhonism-Pyrrhonism and P...

...ates and Nonstate Actors: An Operator’s Perspective . 27 Gary Schaub, Jr. 4 From Observation to Action: Redefining Winning and Sovereignty for the Information Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 John W. Bodnar PART 2 Academic Perspective: Theory and Research in Gauging Intent 5 Anthropological Reflections on Motive and Intent and the Strategic M...

.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 L. Nottale Fractality Field in the Theory of Scale Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 L. Borisso... ... . . . . . . . . . . . 20 C. Castro, M. Pavˇ siˇ c The Extended Relativity Theory in Clifford Spaces.. . . . .31 K. Dombrowski Rational Numbers Distri... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Information for Authors and Subscribers Progress in Physics has been create... ...home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a... ...nal, the detec- tor reacts to a wave of the metric in accordance with this theory. Therefore it is concluded that quadrupole mass detectors would be t... ... of chronometric invariants (physical observable quantities in the General Theory of Relativity) defnes gravitational inertial force F i without the R... ...ned invariant under acceleration- boosts. This could reveal very important information about Black-holes Entropy and Holography. C. Castro. On Dual Ph... ...ned invariant under acceleration- boosts. This could reveal very important information about Black-holes Entropy and Holography. The logarithmic cor- ... ...ons see [86], [128]. It was advocated long ago by Wheeler and others, that information theory [106], set theory and number theory, may be the ultimate...

...Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to Chief Editor. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. Short articles are preferable. All that has been accept...

...ook can be ordered in microfilm format from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) ... ...s: J. Dezert (France), Charles Le (US), I. Stojmenovic (Canada). For more information on neutrosophics see the below links: • 0. Introduction: ... ... and instability of stable systems. Let's note by <A> an idea, or proposition, theory, event, concept, entity, by <Non-A> what is not <A>, and by <A... ... to measure the truth, indeterminacy, and falsehood. My hypothesis is that no theory is exempted from paradoxes, because of the language imprecisio... ...ssible unlike myopic algorithms that look at each iteration only at very local information as with steepest descent method. As in non-monotonic logi... ...f this: what would happen if a non-p conclusion occurred? The inconsistence of information shows up in the result, if not eliminated from the beginn... ...eria and the complementarity of various sources. For example, the Possibility Theory (Zadeh 1978, Dubois, Prade) gives a better approach than the F... ... Theory (Zadeh 1978, Dubois, Prade) gives a better approach than the Fuzzy Set Theory (Yager) due to self-improving connectives. The Possibility Th... ..., The AI Magazine, 81-83, 1984. Combination of paradoxical sources of information within the neutrosophic framework Dr. Jean Dezert Abstrac...

.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D. Rabounski A Theory of Gravity Like Electrodynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...sova Gravitational Waves and Gravitational Inertial Waves in the Gen- eral Theory of Relativity: A Theory and Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...i, L. Borissova, F. Smarandache Quantum Causality Threshold in the General Theory of Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...namics Formula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Information for Authors and Subscribers Progress in Physics has been create... ...home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a... ...d until it has been demonstrated that this is truly required by Einstein’s theory. Mere assumption is not permissible. 2 The basic geometry of the sim... ...ion of metric degrees of freedom into a part related to the true dynamical information and a part related only to the coordinate system. From this vie... ...xperimental statement on quan- tum teleportation has two channels in which information (the quantum state) transfers between two entangled particles: ... ...) transfers between two entangled particles: “teleportation channel” where information is transferred in- stantly, and “synchronization channel” — cla...

...Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to Chief Editor. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. Short articles are preferable. All that has been accept...

...t XIX. Scavenger Economies, Predator Economies XX. Notes on the Economics of Game Theory XXI. Knowledge and Power XXII. Market Impeders and Mark... ... far better results. The outcome has been an embarrassing divorce between economic theory and its subjects. The economic actor is assumed to be con... ...f-interest" as the pursuit of the fulfillment of preferences is a tautology. The theory fails to predict important phenomena such as "strong reci... ...n accordance with the predictions of basic economic theories, such as the standard theory of utility and the theory of general equilibrium. Irritat... ...fects prevail). Thus, current economic thinking is woefully inadequate to deal with information monopolies (such as Microsoft), path dependence, and... ...e seems to have a clear answer. Advertising is concerned with the dissemination of information. Yet it is also a signal sent to consumers that a ce... ...graph, the telephone, electricity, the train, the car, the agricultural revolution, information technology and, now, biotechnology have all increase... ...to yield optimal results. Markets are supposed to regulate scarcity by storing information about our wants and needs. Markets harmonize supply ... ...upply and demand. They do so through the price mechanism. Money is, thus, a unit of information and a conveyor or conduit of the price signal - as w...

...anctity of Human Life" by Baruch A. Brody). One form of calculus is the utilitarian theory. It calls for the maximization of utility (life, happines... ...es. Despite strong philosophical objections to some of the premises of utilitarian theory - I agree with its practical prescriptions. In this cont... ...tween aborting a fetus and destroying a sperm and an egg? These two contain all the information (=all the potential) and their destruction is philos... ...or falsified. Attaining an achievement involves the construction of an ad-hoc mini theory. Reality has to be thoroughly surveyed, models constructe... ...at the incentives are. That economists pretend otherwise - in "optimal contracting theory" - just serves to demonstrate how divorced economics is f... ...ve doubt. Markets are perceived as self-organizing, self-assembling, exchanges of information, goods, and services. Adam Smith's "invisible hand" ... ...gnore the future consequences of their actions. In other words, their attention and information processing faculties are distorted, skewed in favour... ...element of an idiosyncratic, non-communicable, language - we have no access to any information regarding it and, therefore, we are in no position t... ...about our health and imminent demise? Not likely. But why? What is the relevance of information about the future (our own looming death) when one is...

...dered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300 ... ...hingOnline.com Peer reviewers: Sukanto Bhattacharya, School of Information Technology, Bond University, Australia; Dr. Jean Dezert, ONERA... ...ntion here that the Neutrosophic logic is a further generalization of the theory of Fuzzy Logic. In this book we study the concepts of Fuzzy Cogn... ...Fuzzy Visions of Society and Science in the Digital Age writes that fuzzy theory can offer more choices and blur the hard lines of power that define... ...f our age. We have, in our effort at introducing indeterminacy into Fuzzy theory, and by our construction of neutrosophic structures of modeling, on... ...ting to these concepts. An almost exhaustive bibliography relating to the theory of FCMs completes the book. Some of the varied applications of F... ...functions and for feature selection. 4. Use of a decision engine to fuse information from different types of detection modules in order to make dec... ... Conditions = – 0.3 VIII: Competitor’s advertisements = +.5 32 This information can be organized into stimulus input vector: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0.3, ... ...wing theorem is suggested by Kim H.S. and Lee K.C. and for more elaborate information refer [50]. THEOREM [50]. When a concept C i is (Q i ∩ M ...

...h Jeffrey Harrow X. The Case of the Compressed Image XI. Manage IT – Information Technology at a Crossroads The Internet and the Digital Divi... ...rnet surfers are used to free content. They are very reluctant to pay for information (with precious few exceptions, like the "Wall Street Journal"'... ...illion in "invisible" databases), provides many free substitutes to every information product, no matter how superior. Web based media companies (su... ...es are published in both print and electronic formats), as more versatile information taxonomies (like the Digital Object Identifier) are introduced,... ...ing virtual neighbourhood (even if they are not made privy to the customer information collected by Amazon). The Honour System looks suspicio... ...is case be more readily tolerated as a marginal phenomenon. This is the theory. But the facts are tellingly different. The less the cost of product... ...is not the main function of the advertising dollar. Modern economic signal theory has cast advertising in a new and surprising - though by no means c... ...prising - though by no means counterintuitive - light. According to this theory, the role of advertising is to signal to the marketplace the adverti... ... (CEE). Broadband and e-commerce are distant rumors (ISDN is available in theory but not so in practice - DSL and ADSL are not available at all). Ra...

...test details and behaviours. He punishes severely and abuses withholders of information and those who fail to conform to his wishes and goals. The n... ... uncover his actions and reveal the truth. He closely monitors and censors information from the outside, exposing his captive audience only to sele... ...ord, C. Fred. Narcissism: Socrates, the Frankfurt School and Psychoanalytic Theory. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1988 2. Devereux, G... ...University of Chicago Press, 1980 3. Fairbairn, W. R. D. An Object Relations Theory of the Personality. New York, Basic Books, 1954 4. Freud S. Three... ...the Personality. New York, Basic Books, 1954 4. Freud S. Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality [1905]. Standard Edition of the Complete Psychologi... ...eenberg, Jay R. and Mitchell, Stephen A. Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1983 9. Grunberger, ... ...hod of obtaining knowledge than the systematic study of outside sources of information in accordance with strict and tedious curricula. Narcissists... ...ssism: Implications for Practice", published by the Educational Resources Information Centre, the line between enhancing self-esteem and fostering... ...security, and o have a say about your future. But WHAT is this signal? What information does it carry? How is it received and deciphered by the led?...

...y listed companies, private equity firms are not legally bound to disclose information about their operations or those of the companies in which they ... ...oin hands to buy a target company, the significant flow of price sensitive information creates considerable potential for market abuse. The Boom and B... ...ment sectors have attracted more interest than traditional sectors such as information technology, information technology-enabled 41 Fixing Global Fi... ...,” CDSs are in effect bets on the credit-worthiness of a company. For more information, see Nicholas Hildyard, A (Crumbling) Wall of Money: Financial ... ... There is a paradox between the gains of capital account liberalization in theory and in practice. The arguments supportive of capital account liberal... ...much fewer in comparison with huge economic and social costs. Conventional theory suggests that if there are no restrictions on capital mobility, capi... ... witnessed in the ECA region during the financial crisis, the cross-border information sharing was squarely missing among the supervisory bodies of ho... ... the late 1970s. There is a paradox between the use of capital controls in theory and in practice. Although mainstream theory suggests that controls a... ...Great Crash 1929, Houghton-Mifflin, 1997. John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1936/1...

... the system. Why was I slow in grasping the obvious? I have explained my theory to some but was often rebuffed and yet when I told her—using my dra... ... studies should be of value to mariners. Francesco finds that much of the information I had recorded is spotty. Tomorrow we will begin with item 1. ... ... shout for a boy to bring me the morning paper. How do I obtain accurate information? I learn that two million dollars have disappeared from our na...

...DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Theory of War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Patriotism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Air, Space , and Cyber Power . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

... ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300 ... ...ache called Smarandache Notions Journal that is edited by Dr. Minh Perez. Information about it and other advances can be found on the web site devot... ...of Inference Section 7 Formal Reasoning Section 8 Quantification Theory Section 9 Uses of Logic In Computer Programming 7 13 14 1... ...o use truth tables to perform the computations. For that we need a formal theory. Definition 1.5.1: A formal theory is a system S constructed from... ...heorem in the system S. Example: The following is a formal axiomatic theory L a) The set of symbols in L are { ¬, →, (, ), T, F, p 1 , p 2 , ... ... . B Definition 1.5.2: The formal axiomatic theory L in the previous example is known as the propositional calculus. ... ... f = 1. B) But to refer to intuitionistic logic, which means incomplete information on a variable, proposition or event one has t + i + f < 1. ... ..., referring to paraconsistent logic, which means contradictory sources of information about a same logical variable, proposition, or event one has t ... ...hen it follows that t 2 = t 3 . However, if f 1 ≤ t 2 , then we have no information about t 3 , so we make no assumptions and set it equal to zero...

...This book is devoted to an emerging branch of Information Fusion based on new approach for modeling the fusion problematic when the information provided by the sources is both uncertain and (highly) conflicting. This approach, known in literature as DSmT (standing for De...

...on the enumeration of isotone Boolean functions . . . 51 3.2.2 Ordering based on the DSm cardinality . . . 52 3.2.3 Ordering based on the intrinsic informational content . . . 56 3.3 Conclusion . . . . . 59 3.4 References . . . . . 60 4 Combination of beliefs on hybrid DSm models 61 4.1 Introduction . . . . . 61 4.2 On the independence of the sources of evidences ....

...This second book devoted on advances and applications of Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for information fusion collects recent papers from different researchers working in engineering and mathematics. Part 1 of this book presents the current state-of-the-art on theoretical investigations while, Par...

...Preamble iii Prefaces v Part I Advances on DSmT 1 Chapter 1 Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules for Information Fusion 3 by Florentin Smarandache and Jean Dezert 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 The principal rules of combination . . . . . . . 6 1.2.1 Notion of total and partial conflicting masses . . . . . ...

...Applications demonstrate the power of the DSmT framework. In this third Volume, DSmT is applied to the entire spectrum of the Information Fusion that would interest any reader in data, sensor, information, and mathematical fusion topics. Highlighted in Figure 1 are the contemporary issues that include the links between (1) data conditioning and info...

...nality . . . . . . 46 1.6.3 The Generalized Pignistic Transformation . . . 47 1.7 The DSmP transformation . . . . . . . 48 1.7.1 The Probabilistic Information Content (PIC) . . . 49 1.7.2 The DSmP formula . . . . . . . 50 1.7.3 Examples for DSmP and BetP . . . . . . 51 1.8 Fusion of qualitative beliefs . . . . . . . 54 1.8.1 QualitativeOperators . . . . . . . 54 1....

...o the discussion of human mental history in On the Origin of the Human Mind.” —Scientific American Mind (July 2009) “I found the Mental Synthesis theory stimulating and provocative. The author puts forward an explanation for the evolution of the human mind based on predator detection that led to increased visual mental analysis which set the stage for visual mental syn...

...an Mind.” From that period to the present day, I have continued to work on the same subject. I hope that I may be excused for including this personal information about the time-frame of my research as I provide it to show that I have not been cursory in coming to my conclusions. Henri Poincaré, a French mathematician and a philosopher of science, wrote, “Science is buil...

...ization of Venn Diagram, by Florentin Smarandache.........84 ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND POLITICS.................87 10. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory in Economics, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache, in Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008............88 11. Global Totalitarianism...

...ization of Venn Diagram, by Florentin Smarandache.........84 ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND POLITICS.................87 10. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory in Economics, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache, in Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008............88 11. Global Totalitarianism...