...HE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992... ...Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From t... ...First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . . . and in the Federal Aviation... ...gainst African Christian separatists in southern Sudan and also to do some road building.T urabi in return would let Bin Ladin use Sudan as a base for... ... plan to bomb major New Y ork landmarks, including the Holland and Lincoln tunnels. Disrupting this “landmarks plot,” the FBI in June 1993 arrested Ra... ...ficers suggested that the tribals would prefer to try a raid rather than a roadside ambush because they would have better control, it would be less da... ...als reported an attempt to ambush Bin Ladin’s convoy as he traveled on the road between Kabul and Kandahar city— their first such reported interdictio... ...to access the WTC.The NYPD and PAPD coordinated the closing of bridges and tunnels into Manhattan. 72 PAPD Initial Response The Port Authority’s on-si... ... minutes of impact, Port Authority police officers from the PATH, bridges, tunnels, and airport commands began responding to the WTC.The PAPD lacked w...

... a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin?s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988?1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992?1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda?s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996?1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERR...