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...Contents Chapter One: Education as a Necessity of Life .............................................................................. 5 Chapter Two: Education as a Social Function ......................................................................

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...n Dewey A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication Democracy and Education by John Dewey is a publication of the Pennsylvania State Universi... ...t or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Democracy and Education by John Dewey, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Clas... ...tate University is an equal opportunity university. Contents Chapter One: Education as a Necessity of Life ............................................. .............................................................. 5 Chapter Two: Education as a Social Function ............................................... ...emands division of labor. But it is reduced to a mechanical routine unless workers see the technical, intellectual, and social rela- tionships involve... ...ing in science, litera- ture, and history, we fail to prepare the minds of workers to take advantage of this opportunity. More fundamental is the fact... ... this opportunity. More fundamental is the fact that the great majority of workers have no insight into the social aims of their pursuits and no di- r... ... than they used to possess. The demand for such education as will acquaint workers with the scientific and social bases and bearings of their pursuits... ... role of appendages to the machines they operate. Under the old regime all workers in a craft were approxi- mately equals in their knowledge and outlo...

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...t. She produces food in abundance every- where; her women are agricultural workers, so that the inter- ruption of food production by the war has been ... ...achine, across the great width of the shed in which eighty per cent of the workers are women. There is a thick dust of sounds in the air, a rumble of ... ... him just now, because it is the newest thing, is his method of paying his workers. He lifts a hand gravely: “I said, what we must do is abolish altog... ...surdum of war.” They are, and it is to the engineers, the ironmasters, the workers and the inventive talent of Great Britain and France that we must l... ...) a period of moral renascence, and (2) a debauch. It is going to make the workers (1) more and (2) less obedient and industrious. It is (1) inuring m... ...future of conscription, of the future of the temporary of- ficer, upon the education of boys in relation to army needs. But the war itself was bearing... ...e outcome of our social injustices. They are the failures of our social ad educational systems. We may regret their pitiful degradation, we may exoner... ...have the leisure to learn something about the general state of opinion and education in their dioceses. The Bishop of London was evidently unaware of ... ...s Anglican com- promise is like a cold in the English head, and the higher education in England is a training in evasion. This is an al- ways lamentab...

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...ic system upon a new basis? Shall we all become investors, speculators, or workers toiling our way to a new period of security, cheapness and low inte... ... Germany, That will only end when the results of fifty years of aggressive education in Germany have worn away. This will be so plain that the great b... ...public interest and the proletariat. It has also given our higher national education an overwhelming direction towards the training of advocates and a... ...officials of the Ministry of Munitions find private employers holding back workers and machinery from munition works, intriguing—more particularly thr... ...d and sharp antithesis. Each is mentally crippled by the corruption of its educational sys- tem by an official religious orthodoxy, and hampered by a ... ...arning as casting habits and shedding delusions. In the trenches there are workers who have broken with the old slacking and sabotage, and there are p... ...nd technical abilities and a great stimulation of scientific and technical education. By 1926 we shall be going about a world that will have recovered... ...capacity at any price or none; the Ministry of Munitions is full of unpaid workers, and so on. The British legal profession and trade union alone has ... ...his figure stands among the press- men and among the lawyers and among the workers; for a couple of decades at least he will be everywhere in the Brit...

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...h as we dust ground upon it. Dust ground upon it. Until he set to work—the workers cut each other’s throats, and murdered a Chinaman or a Labour po- l... ...eavy materials of trade from the Pool thereby beneath the very feet of the workers. Faint and dim in the eastward between earth and sky hung the clust... ... po- lice, its house guards, and drain and cable guards, its hosts of land-workers. Their unions it did not fight, but it under- mined and betrayed an... ...e was the introduc- tion of flying. When the Council, in conflict with the workers in some of its huge monopolies, did something flagrantly illegal an... ...tainment of an appropriate set of gestures was part of every rich person’s education. The Master’s entry was greeted with a sort of tittering applause... ...aster’s fundamental bluntness. He was a little vague as to the monopoly of education his Company possessed; it was done by contract with the syndicate... ...s managing director of the Antibilious Pill Company. I have heard that his workers sometimes turn out a myriad myriad pills a day in the twenty-four h... ...e services of a skilled hypnotist. Long ago the old examination methods in education had been destroyed by these expedients. Instead of years of study... ... herself to them, to educate them—all the essen- tials of moral and mental education a child owed its mother. Or went without. Quite a number, I admit...

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... as my corrector. Do not despise the task, for, how- ever superior be your education, and however lofty your station, and however insignificant, in yo... ...t book, I implore you to do as I have said. And you too, O reader of lowly education and simple status, I beseech you not to look upon yourself as too... ...of life, some person who stands remote, 12 Dead Souls both by life and by education, from the circle of folk which I have pictured in my book, but wh... ...ng his remarks, that it is for the benefit of a man in no way his equal in education, or similar to him in tastes and ideas, or capable of apprehendin... ... was a good man of business; the Chief of Gendarmery, that he was a man of education; the Presi- dent of the Local Council, that he was a man of breed... ...hteen,” responded the old lady with a sigh. “Such a fine lot, too—all good workers! True, others have since grown up, but of what use are they? Mere s... ...red roubles apiece, and he thanked me kindly, for they turned out splendid workers—able to make napkins or anything else. “Yes, but with the living we... ... inquiry why he had so acted, seeing that the serfs named were all skilled workers and indispensable to a household, Sobakevitch replied that a mere w... ...easuring of seed grain by byres, and drying of seed, and a dividing of the workers into teams. For everything needs to be examined beforehand, and cal...

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...ish narrators have infused into a story retailed so often to gatherings of workers on winter evenings, that the details vary widely in poetic merit an... ...arning, debauch- ery, and crime—human society, such as art and thought and education and worldly interests and laws have made it; and at this end ther...

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...y name and address. I can’t quite make out whether he’ll pay for the boy’s education or whether he is preparing some sort of witchcraft on his own acc... ...sent step, which recommend your Honour to execute for Almighty God’s sake. Education is greatest blessing if of best sorts. Otherwise no earthly use.”... ...the bull’s eye that time! “If your Honour condescending giving my boy best educations Xavier” (I suppose that’s St Xavier’s in Partibus) “in terms of ... ...pees for boy who is apple of eye, and for Almighty God’s sake execute this education, and your petitioner as in duty bound shall ever awfully pray. Wr... ... to die some day. An’ takin’ a heathen’s money to give a child a Christian education –’ ‘But he said explicitly what he wanted. As soon as he knew the... ...ental praise ensnaring praise from an equal of work appreciated by fellow workers. Earth has nothing on the same plane to compare with it. But, crie...

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... Department, which in these days had charge of the scientific and artistic education of the mass of the English population, and had thrown himself int... ...aff and spirit survive, more or less completely digested into the Board of Education. The world does move on, even in its government. It is won- derfu... ... of the State to remember that the very beginnings of public 17 H G Wells education lie within my father’s lifetime, and that many most intelligent a... ...bstinate con- servatism, humanitarian enthusiasm, out of which our present educational organisation arose. I have long since come to believe it necess... ...tual Proteus, but to the men of my generation it came as the revolt of the workers. Rodbertus we never heard of and the Fabian Society we did not unde... ...t he had to expound. Landlord and capi- talist had robbed and enslaved the workers, and were driving them quite automatically to inevitable insurrecti... ...enge, the drift of dirty children, ragged old women, street loafers, grimy workers that made the social background of London, the stories one heard of... ...ry quality in his speech. We made reassuring noises. The Ambassador of the Workers stirred his tea earnestly through an uncomfortable pause. “I’ d bes... ...on- works or what not, and here close at hand the congested, meanly-housed workers, and at a little distance a small middle-class quarter, and again r...

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...r with foreign powers, to maintain a supreme court of law. Everything else—education, militia, powers of life and death—the states retained for themse... ...weep all her youth into her army, to subdue her trade, her literature, her education, her whole life to the necessity of preparations imposed upon her... ...ear the views of one of those titled and influential ladies—with a general education at about the fifth standard level, plus a little French, German, ... ... curred grave wounds will still go on for a time—without feeling them. The educational, biological, social, economic punishment that has already been ... ...h I must have a quarrel with the word itself. The eccentricities of modern education make us de- 69 H.G. Wells pendent for a number of our primary po... ...en are busy with other duties. For reasons that do not appear these local “workers” put up an unknown Mr. Goldbug as the official Conservative candida... ...itician, will have to make good in some more useful way—as a leader of the workers in their practical affairs, for example—before people will hear of ...

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... hand in a crowded darkness, about the ugly factories and work-places, the workers herded together, ill clothed, ill nourished, ill taught, badly and ... ...e- riod of activity they had drawn into their employment a great number of workers, and had erected a huge productive plant. It is manifestly just tha... ...this sudden cessation. But in the long labor struggles of the old days the workers were con- stantly putting themselves in the wrong and committing il... ...uppression of all their cravings after joy. T o the poor man, to the grimy workers, beauty and cleanness were absolutely denied; out of a life of grea... ...t fifteen came from the same school, had gone through an entirely parallel education; some Greek linguistics, some elementary mathematics, some emas- ... ...nching tastefulness, its smartly organized viciousness, and the myriads of workers, noisily shod, streaming over the bridges in the gray cold light of...

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... critical view of them herself: she tells me that I have given her a false education, and that no one will marry her today. No American will marry her... ...e points that interest me most—the operation of the school-boards, the co- education of the sexes, the elevation of the tone of the lower classes, the... ...uch the result of the jealousy with which it is viewed by the more earnest workers as of its own—I dare not, perhaps, apply a harsher term than—levity... ...re fatal Culloden. I have given a good deal of time, as I told you, to the educational system, and have visited no fewer than one hundred and forty—th... ...ight. There is a good deal I should like to tell you about my study of the educational question, but my position is somewhat cramped, and I must dis- ... ...sourah, an institution at which young people of the two sexes pursue their education together. She was very pretty and modest, and expressed a great d...

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... pher, could clearly understand that as a captain he ought to continue his education. So from this time forth he read new books and romances with avid... ...umph! I had created a new industry, and had brought a producer and several workers into the town. I wonder if you will re- gard my elations as childis... ... soon afterwards twelve more households were established in the place. The workers in each of these families were at once producers and consumers. The... ...antations, and the roads—have given employment to all the various kinds of workers whom I had called in. Although the buildings fully represent the va... ...e of gain develops a spirit of ambition, which has ever since impelled our workers to extend their field from the township to the canton, and from the... ...they were spent on building a town-hall, with a free school for elementary education in the building and accommodation for a teacher. For this importa... ...er of substantial houses, and give ourselves all the airs of a small city? Education has made such strides that there has never been any opposition ma... ...phere are conscious of their dignity; to my way of thinking, it is a noble education to be brought up among these cus- toms. And, for the most part, t... ...tlemen have just been complaining about, which are the real offenders, the workers or the people who are simply amusing themselves? Both the rich and ...

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... little at her death; but she had given him that too common and incomplete education which produces so much ambition and so little ability. A few days... ...the fam- ily, for dress precedes everything; then see what remains for the education of the children (a girl of eight and a boy of nine, whose mainten... ... upon them the distribution of the public moneys, and forced to retain the workers in office, proceeded to diminish salaries and increase the number o... ...ul as the other in an arena outside of which each lords it in his own way. Education, equally distributed through the masses, brings the son of a port... ...ted on the minister himself. With all this were the really useful men, the workers, victims of such parasites; men sincerely devoted to their country,... ...not to grieve over the fall of an able man is the result of our melancholy education, of our manners and customs which drive men of intellect into dis... ...eix, a thickset, swarthy, active young fellow, of shrewd principles, whose education she was superintend- ing. The said education, according to her id... ... this wish of a man who was one of his firmest supporters and most zealous workers. This, of course, brought down an ava- lanche of suppositions, floo... ... their duty conscientiously re- main. A minister may know who are the real workers under him if he will take the trouble to walk through the divisions...

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...king out of detail.’ The spirit of the seeker was still rare in the world; education was unskilled, unstimulating, scholarly , and but little valued, ... ...al invested in oil was becoming unsaleable, millions of coal miners, steel workers upon the old lines, vast swarms of unskilled or under-skilled labou... ...n enormous advantage in be- ing the only trained caste. Their professional education and 33 H G Wells every circumstance in the manipulation of the f... ...ht of bolder rearrangements of so- cial interaction, property, employment, education, and gov- ernment, than had ever been contemplated before. No dou... ... thought was interwoven with the very fabric of that pioneer school in the educational renascence in England. After the customary exchange years in He... ...the classical school of London University. The older so-called ‘classical’ education of the British pedagogues, probably the most paralysing, ineffec-... ...ld have doubled the individual efficiency and halved the num- ber of steel workers. ‘Shouldn’t wonder if they didn’t get chucking bombs,’ said Barnet’... ...rts who had survived until the new time witnesses, ‘as gangs of emi- grant workers in a new land.’ And now it was that the social possibilities of the...

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...entleman, his superiority was his own work, rather than that of station or education, and so he had never missed intercourse with really ladylike or c... ...arisome aunt. Tritton was a youth of seventeen, who had newly finished his education at an inferior commercial school, and lived on his father’s farm,... ...Gilbert was to go to India, it was not worth while to give him a classical education. ‘Is he to go to India? Albinia had not told me so.’ ‘I thought s... ...e to tell his Fanny that Mrs. Kendal was worth her weight in gold; and the workers toiled till 110 Yo n g e luncheon, when Albinia took them home for... ... of guilt, as she lingered on the door-step after seeing them set off. The education of ‘Edmund’s children’ had been a cherished vision, and it had re... ...- vent it from preying on her spirits.’ ‘True,’ said Mr. Kendal; ‘a narrow education and limited sphere are sad evils in such cases.’ ‘Do you think an...

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...the bedroom. Neither husband nor wife knew how to read,—a slight defect of education which did not prevent them from ci- phering admirably and doing a... ...the department, and she can do what she pleases with Graslin.” Veronique’s education, her religious ideas, and her bound- less affection for her paren... ...ploy to bear the weariness of their solitude. She gave herself that second education which most women derive from a man, but which she derived from he... ...widened immeasurably the horizons of her intel- lect and the extent of her education; in this way she opened the gates of her soul to curiosity. Durin... ...e in the rue de la Cite; but by this time she had acquired a fine literary education, and was fully able to think and to speak. An excellent judgment ... ...cial order by judiciously guiding the working-classes. What are we now but workers without work, tools on the shelves of a shop? We are trained and or... ...art of the enterprise needed the active and faithful arms of conscientious workers. Chance provided them with a tract of land without natural obstacle... ...ghtful concert of busy sounds produced in the village by the return of the workers from the fields? Such a scene, to be rightly given, needs a great l... ... dry it, or hastening to pile it into cocks. The joyous laugh of the merry workers mingling with the shouts of the children tumbling each other in the...

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... review the social organisation in a different way, to con- sider it as an educational process instead of dealing with it as a thing with a future his... ...osition of all peoples, white, black, or brown, a natural disposition that education seeks to destroy, is to insist upon uniformity, to make publicity... ...s return. It is essential to the mod- ern ideal of life that the period of education and growth should be prolonged to as late a period as possible an... ... MODERN UTOPIANS with the universally diffused good manners, the universal education, the fine freedoms we shall ascribe to them, their world unity, w... ...aving regard to a social organisation whose main ends are reproduction and education in an atmosphere of personal freedom. Each of these inquiries, wo... ... toil habitually at all; that a labouring class—that is to say, a class of workers without personal initiative—will become un- necessary to the world ... ...report- ing the fluctuating pressure of economic demand and trans- ferring workers from this region of excess to that of scarcity; and whenever the ex... ...trations of the agricultural population over the coun- try side. The field workers will probably take their food with them to their work during the da... ...pon more Utopian lines; we develop acquaintance with several of our fellow workers, and of those who share our table at the inn. We pass insensi- bly ...

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...ey and capacity, that directed into the channels of physical cul- ture and education would have made the British the aristoc- racy of the world. Her r... ...ial 70 The War in the Air and administrative classes at a higher level of education and training. These things she knew, and she exaggerated that kno... ...hem, and revealed padded passages. Now and then a voice gave directions to workers indis- tinctly seen. There was a matter of sentinels, gangways and ... ... they did not stand out at all in that wide disorderly vision of congested workers’ houses and places to work, and shops and meanly conceived chapels ... ...two the loss of life had not been con- siderable, but a great multitude of workers, including many girls and women, had been caught in the destruction... ...gs broke out into rhetoric, into shouts and gestures that would arrest the workers; they would stare at him until they perceived that his blue eyes gl... ...e silence. They were loaded with hose, and were passing to the trainful of workers who were converting Prospect Park into an airship dock. Bert pushed... ...d having no relation to any fu- ture needs, their customs illogical, their education aimless and wasteful. Their method of economic exploitation indee... ...ll the arts that make life wholesome. The level and quality of the average education had risen tremendously; and at the dawn of the twentieth century ...

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... our sort and not your sort. We’ll do without you. We’ll get a little more education and then we’ll do without you. We’re pressing for all we can get,... ...ddled his timetable and crowded his afternoon; the strike of the transport workers had begun, and the ugly noises they made at the tramway depot, wher... ...e whole.” And also they had lessons, so high are our modern stan- dards of education, from Mr. Blent, a brilliant young math- ematician in orders, who... ...things that interested them. It rejoiced his heart to be able to give them education and opportunity, it pleased him to see them in clothes that he kn... ... you are one of my own particular little company, you were one of the best workers in that band of good workers, your life and your career are very mu... ...ge, the fear of indiscipline which is so just in warfare and so foolish in education, the tremen- dous power of the propitiatory tradition, had always...

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...nd and read, “The Works of William Shakespeare”. He coloured slightly. “My education has been so purely scientific—” he said apologetically. “Never re... ...hat almost all other animals possess, a number of other sexless creatures, workers, soldiers, and the like, differing from one another in structure, c... .... He is born to that place, and the elaborate discipline of train- ing and education and surgery he undergoes fits him at last so completely to it tha... ...itely adapted to the social need it meets. Fine work is done by fined-down workers, amazingly dwarfed and neat. Some I could hold on the palm of my ha... ...ial sort. The extended ‘hand’ in this highly developed system of technical education is stimu- lated by irritants and nourished by injection, while th... ...nd broken in. It is quite un- reasonable, I know, but such glimpses of the educational methods of these beings affect me disagreeably. I hope, how- ev... ...pale coloured, are trans- ferred to the charge of celibate females, women ‘workers’ as it were, who in some cases possess brains of almost mascu- line...