Bulgaria (theme)

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Bulgaria
Odrysian kingdom 460 BC – 46 AD Old Great Bulgaria 632 – 665 AD First Bulgarian Empire 681–1018 Christianization Golden Age 896–927 Cometopuli dynasty 968–1018 Byzantine Bulgaria1018–1185 Second Bulgarian Empire 1185–1396 Second Golden Age 1230–1241 Mongol invasion 1274–1300 Recovery and expansion 1300–71 Bulgarian–Ottoman Wars 1371–96 Ottoman Bulgaria 1396–1878 Resistance after 1413 National Revival 1762–1878 Establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate 1870 Liberation War 1877–1878 Third Bulgarian State 1878–present Serbo-Bulgarian War 1885 Balkan Wars 1912–1913 World War I 1915–1918 World War II 1941–1945 Communist era 1946–1990 Transition era since 1990
List of monarchs Military history Struggle for Macedonia 1893–1945
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1045, the thema of Bulgaria.

The Theme of Bulgaria was a province of the Byzantine Empire established by Emperor Basil II after the conquest of Bulgaria in 1018.^[1] Its capital was Skopje and it was governed by a strategos.

Initially the Byzantine emperor Normans invaded from the south and the knights of the First (1096–97) and then the Second Crusade (1146–47) advanced from west. Most frightful were the renewed raids of the Turkic barbarians from the steppes, the Uzes, the Pechenegs and the Cumans. At the end of the 12th century, formally Byzantium was the sovereign, but in many Balkan areas the Byzantine power was nominal. In 1185, the Normans landed in Dyrrachium again, moved east and looted Salonika. The chaos in the imperial domains encouraged the Bulgarians to restore their state with the rebellion of the brothers Peter and Asen, and Bulgaria sought again to dominate the Balkans. The disintegration of Byzantium was complete when in 1204 the Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople. The Latins abolished the Byzantine Empire and set up their own feudal states in the southern Balkans.

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