1811

A picture of the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro, who on July 14, 1811 published his memoir about the molecular content of gases.

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Year 1811 (MDCCCXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes in St. Charles and St. James, Louisiana.
• January 22 – The Casas Revolt begins in San Antonio, Texas.
• George III of the United Kingdom.
• March 1 – Citadel Massacre in Cairo: Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali kills the last Mamluk leaders.
• March 5 – Peninsular War: Battle of Barrosa, an unsuccessful French attack on a larger Anglo-Portuguese-Spanish force attempting to lift the Siege of Cádiz in Spain.
• March 13 – Battle of Lissa: The British fleet defeats the French.
• March 22 – The Commissioners' Plan for Manhattan is presented.
• March 25 – Great Comet discovered by Honoré Flaugergues.
• March 27 – Battle of Anholt: The British Navy defeats Denmark.
• March 28 – Henri Christophe is proclaimed King Henri I, turning the northern State of Haiti into the Kingdom of Haiti.

April–June

• April 5–6 – Revolutionary riots occur in Buenos Aires.
• May 14 – Paraguay declares independence from the Spanish Empire (recognised May 15).
• May 16 – Peninsular War Battle of Albuera: Spain, Portugal and Great Britain defeat the French.
• May 18 – The Battle of Las Piedras is fought near Las Piedras, Banda Oriental, resulting in the first victory for the independentists of Uruguay.
• June 9 – The Great Podil fire breaks out in Kiev, Ukraine.

July–September

• July 5 – Venezuela declares its Independence from the Spanish Empire.
• Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, from his office, placing a Russian-appointed bishop at the head of the Georgian church.
• July 14 – Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoire about the molecular content of gases.
• July 14 — David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Columbia River, finding Fort Astoria under construction.
• July 30 — Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is executed as a rebel by the Spanish government of New Spain.
• August 3 – First ascent of Jungfrau, third highest summit in the Bernese Alps,
• September – Nathan of Breslov leads the first annual Rosh Hashana kibbutz (pilgrimage) of Breslov Hasidim to the grave of Rabbi Nachman of Breslov in Uman, Ukraine.

October–December

• October 11 – Inventor John Stevens' boat, the Juliana, begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry service, between New York City and Hoboken, New Jersey.
• October 23 – José Gervasio Artigas and 16.000 orientales leave the Banda Oriental del Uruguay to go into exile.
• October 26 – The Argentine Government declares freedom of expression for the press.
• November – Luddite uprisings begin in northern England and the Midlands.
• November 7 – Battle of Tippecanoe: American troops led by William Henry Harrison defeat the Native American spiritual leader Tenskwatawa, also known as The Prophet (Chief Tecumseh's brother).
• November 17 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile.
• December 2 – Reverend Samuel Marsden sends the first commercial shipment of wool from New South Wales to England.
• December 16 – The New Madrid earthquake in the Mississippi Valley near New Madrid reverses the course of the river for a while. Other earthquakes along the fault occur on January 23, 1812 and February 7, 1812.
• December 21 – First Constitution of Republic of Venezuela after declares its independence from Spain.

Date unknown

• The Red River Colony is founded in Manitoba, Canada.

Births

January–June

• January 6 – Charles Sumner, American senator and civil rights activist (d. 1874)
• January 9 – Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English writer (d. 1856)
• February 1 – Arthur Hallam, English poet (d. 1833)
• February 3 – Horace Greeley, American journalist, editor, and publisher (d. 1872)
• 1898)
• February 13 – François Achille Bazaine, French general (d. 1888)
• February 15 – Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Argentinian politician, writer and father of education (d. 1888)
• March 20 – Napoleon II of France (d. 1832)
• March 21 – Nathaniel Woodard, English educationalist (d. 1891)

Robert Bunsen

• March 30 or March 31 – Robert Bunsen, German chemist and inventor (d. 1899)
• May 11
  • Chang and Eng Bunker, Siamese twins and sideshow performers
  • Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1893)
• June 3 – Henry James, Sr., American theologian (d. 1882)

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• June 14 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author (d. 1896)
• June 17 – Jón Sigurðsson, the leader of the 19th century Icelandic independence movement. (d. 1879)

July–December

Franz Liszt

• July 11 – Isaac A. Van Amburgh, American animal trainer (d. 1865)
• July 18 – William Makepeace Thackeray, British novelist (d. 1863)
• August 31 – Théophile Gautier, French writer (d. 1872)
• September 13 – Emmanuel Félix de Wimpffen, French general (d. 1884)
• September 19 – Orson Pratt, American religious leader (d. 1881)
• October 22 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian composer and pianist (d. 1886)
• October 25
  • Évariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
  • C. F. W. Walther, German-American theologian (d. 1887)
• October 27 – Stevens Thomson Mason, first governor of Michigan (d. 1843)
• November 21 – Ludwig Preiss, Botanical collector (d. 1883)
• November 24 – Ulrich Ochsenbein, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1890)
• November 26 – Zeng Guofan, Chinese official and military leader (d. 1872)
• November 28 – King Maximilian II of Bavaria (d. 1864)
• December 21 – Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1882)

Date unknown

• Mohammad Afzal Khan, Emir of Kabul, Emir of Kandahar (d. 1867)

Deaths

January–June

• January 10 – Marie-Joseph Chénier, French poet (b. 1764)
• February 26 – Mateo de Toro Zambrano, 1st Count of La Conquista, Governor of Chile (b. 1727)
• March 14 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1735)
• 1757)
• May 4 – Nikolay Kamensky, Russian general (b. 1776)
• May 28 – Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, British minister (b. 1742)
• June 26 – Ignacio Allende, captain of the Spanish Army in Mexico

July–December

Heinrich von Kleist

• July 30 – Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1753)
• August – William Williams, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1731)
• August 31 – Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French navigator and military commander (b. 1729)
• September – Ulrich Jasper Seetzen, explorer (b. 1767)
• September 8 – Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist (b. 1741)
• October 11 – Johann Conrad Ammann, Swiss physician and naturalist (b. 1724)
• November 21 – Heinrich von Kleist, German writer (suicide) (b. 1777)
• November 27 – Andrew Meikle, Scottish engineer (b. 1719)

References