1911

1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (dominical letter A), the 1911th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 911th year of the 2nd millennium, the 11th year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1910s decade between 1583 and 1929 and with Julian Value: 1911 is 13 calendar days difference, which continued to be used until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

July 24: Machu Picchu is rediscovered.

January

• through mid-January 1911. (started Dec. 31, 1910). 1911 First Industrial Airplane Show held in conjunction with the U.S. International Auto Show at Manhattan’s Grand Central Palace in New York.^[1] Mr. Charles W. Chappelle (1872–1941), a member of the U.S. Aeronautical Reserve, was the only African-American to invent and display an airplane for which he won a medal. ^[2]
• January 3 – 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 moment magnitude strikes near Almaty in Russian Turkestan, killing 450 or more people.^[3]
• January 5 – Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity was founded at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana^[4]
• January 18 – Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, marking the first time an aircraft lands on a ship.
• January 26 – The United States and Canada announced the successful negotiation of their first reciprocal trade agreement.

February

• February 13 – HNK Hajduk Split, a Croatian football club is founded.
• February 17 – The first "quasi-official" airmail flight occurs when Fred Wiseman carries three letters between Petaluma and Santa Rosa, California.
• February 18 – The first official air mail flight, second overall, takes place from Allahabad, India to Naini, India, when Henri Pequet carries 6,500 letters a distance of 13 km.

March

• March 18 – International Women's Day is celebrated for the first time.^[5]
• March 25 – The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City kills 146.
• March 29 – The United States Army adopts a new service pistol, the M1911 designed by John Browning. It remains the US service pistol for 74 years.

April

• April 3 – Jean Sibelius leads his Fourth Symphony premiere in Helsinki
• April 8 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers Superconductivity. He presented his findings on April 28, 1911.^[6]
• April 13 – Mexican Revolution: Rebels take Agua Prieta on the Sonora–Arizona border; government troops take the town back April 17 when the rebel leader "Red" López is drunk.
• April 19 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero's troops besiege Ciudad Juárez but General Juan J. Navarro refuses his surrender demand.
• April 26 – HŠK Građanski Zagreb (today GNK Dinamo), a Croatian football club is founded in Zagreb.
• April 27 – Huanghuagang Uprising takes place in China. This was an insurrection where rebels in China took five Chinese villages in an attempt to create a power base to fight Imperial rule. Those who died are remembered as "The 72 Martyrs." It is also called the Second Guangzhou Uprising and the Yellow Flower Mound Revolt.

May

• May 8 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa launches an attack against government troops in Ciudad Juárez without Madero's permission; the government troops surrender on May 10.
• May 17 – Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Díaz is convinced to resign but does not do so yet.
• May 21 – Mexican Revolution: A peace treaty is signed between Madero' rebels and government troops in Ciudad Juárez.
• May 24 – Mexican Revolution: Government troops fire at anti-Diaz demonstrators in Mexico City, killing about 200 (officials claim only 40).
• May 25 – Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Díaz signs his resignation and leaves for Veracruz; on May 31 he leaves for exile in France.
• May 30 – The very first Indianapolis 500, won by Ray Harroun at an average speed of 74.59 miles per hour.
• May 31 – The hull of the RMS Titanic is launched.

June

• June 7 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco Madero arrives in Mexico City just after a local earthquake.
• King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions.

July

• July 1 – The presence of the German warship Panther in the Moroccan port of Agadir triggers the Agadir Crisis.
• July 24 – Hiram Bingham rediscovers Machu Picchu in Peru.

August

• August 21 – Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is stolen from the Louvre museum in Paris by Vincenzo Peruggia; the theft is discovered the following day.

September

• September 25 – The French Navy ship Liberté explodes at anchor in Toulon, France, killing around 300 on both ship and the neighbouring area.
• September 29 – Italy declares war on Ottoman Empire.

October

• October 7 ; The liberal leader Karl Staaff returns as Prime Minister of Sweden.
• October 10 – The Wuchang Uprising starts the Xinhai Revolution that leads to the founding of the Republic of China.
• October 16 – Mexican Revolution: Felix Diaz, nephew of Porfirio Díaz, occupies the port of Veracruz as a sign of rebellion against Madero.

November

• November 1 – World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.
• November 5 – Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica (this act is confirmed by an act of the Italian Parliament on February 25, 1912).
• November 4 – Treaty of Berlin brings the Agadir Crisis to a close. This treaty led Morocco to be split between France (as a protectorate) and Spain (as the colony of Spanish Sahara) with Germany forfeiting all claims to Morocco. In return, France gave Germany a portion of the French Congo (as Kamerun) and Germany ceded some of German Kamerun to France (as Chad).

December

Roald Amundsen reaches the South Pole

Franz Marc, Blaues Pferd, 1911

• December – Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India and the transfer of the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi.
• December 14 – Roald Amundsen's expedition reaches the South Pole.
• December 18 – Opening of first exhibition by Der Blaue Reiter group of painters, in Munich.
• December 29 – Sun Yat-sen is elected the Provisional President of the Republic of China.

Date unknown

• The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition is published under American management in England by Cambridge University Press.
• New Zealand-born British physicist Ernest Rutherford deduces the existence of a compact atomic nucleus from scattering experiments.

Births

January–February

• January 1
  • Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist (d. 2012)
  • Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)
• January 5 – Jean-Pierre Aumont, French actor (d. 2001)
• January 7 – Butterfly McQueen, American actress (d. 1995)
• January 11 – Zenkō Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
• January 13 – Joh Bjelke-Petersen, Premier of Queensland (d. 2005)
• January 17
  • John S. McCain, Jr., American admiral (d. 1981)
  • Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• January 18
  • José María Arguedas, Peruvian novelist, poet, and anthropologist (d. 1969)
  • Danny Kaye, American actor and comedian (d. 1987)
• January 19
  • Ken Nelson, American record producer and music executive (d. 2008)
  • Choor Singh, Singaporean judge (d. 2009)
• January 20 – Wendell J. Westcott, American carillonneur (d. 2010)
• January 22
  • Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1990)
  • Mary Hayley Bell, English dramatist (d. 2005)
• January 24 – C. L. Moore, American writer (d. 1987)
• January 25 – Kurt Maetzig, German director (d. 2012)
• January 26 – Polykarp Kusch, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• January 28 – Johan van Hulst, Dutch politician, professor, author and decorated World War II resistance member
• January 29 – Peter von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1986)
• January 30 – Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (d. 1989)
• January 31 – Eddie Byrne, Irish actor (d. 1981)
• February 5 – Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (d. 1960)
• February 6 – Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the United States (d. 2004)
• February 8 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (d. 1979)
• February 11 – Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (Carroll Daly), fifth president of Ireland (d. 1978)
• February 12 – Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (d. 1968)
• February 13 – Jean Muir, American actress (d. 1996)
• February 14
  • Willem Johan Kolff, Dutch inventor(d. 2009)
  • Eduardo Serrano, Venezuelan musician and composer (d. 2008)
• February 17
  • Oskar Seidlin, Silesian-born Jewish-American literary scholar (d. 1984)
  • Glanville Williams, English criminal law professor and QC (d. 1997)
  • Orrin Tucker, American bandleader and composer (d. 2011)
• February 19 – Merle Oberon, British actress (d. 1979)
• February 24 – Eduardo Vañó Pastor, Spanish cartoonist (d. 1993)
• February 28 – Otakar Vávra, Czech director (d. 2011)

March–April

• March 3 – Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
• March 6 – Nikolai Baibakov, Soviet statesman (d. 2008)
• March 8 – Alan Hovhaness, American composer (d. 2000)
• March 9 – Ebby Halliday, American realtor
• March 12 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican president (d. 1979)
• March 13
  • L. Ron Hubbard, American author and founder of Scientology (d. 1986)
  • Marie Rudisill, American author (d. 2006)
• March 15 – Ursula Vaughan Williams, British author (d. 2007)
• March 16
  • Pierre Harmel, Belgian Prime Minister (d. 2009)
  • Josef Mengele, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1979)
• March 18 – Al Benton, American baseball player (d. 1968)
• March 20 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and politician, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• March 24
  • Joseph Barbera, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
  • Jane Drew, English architect (d. 1996)
• March 25 – Jack Ruby, American mobster, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
• March 26
  • Bernard Katz, German-born biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
  • Tennessee Williams, American playwright (d. 1983)
• March 27 – Erich Heller, British philosopher (d. 1990)
• March 29 – Brigitte Horney, German-born actress (d. 1988)
• March 31
  • Elisabeth Grümmer, Alsatian soprano (d. 1986)
  • Freddie Green, jazz guitarist (d. 1987)
• April 3 – Michael Woodruff, British/Australian surgeon (d. 2001)
• April 6 – Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
• April 8
  • Melvin Calvin, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
  • Emil Cioran, Romanian philosopher and essayist (d. 1995)
  • Ichirō Fujiyama, Japanese composer and singer (d. 1993)
• April 11 – Stanisława Walasiewicz, Polish-born athlete (d. 1980)
• April 13 – William J. Tuttle, American makeup artist (d. 2007)
• April 15 – Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy, Egyptian jurist (d. 1998)
• April 17 – Lester Rodney, American journalist (d. 2009)
• April 18
  • Maurice Goldhaber, Austrian-American physicist (d. 2011)
  • Huntington Hartford, American businessman (d. 2008)
• April 23 – Ronald Neame, British film cinematographer, producer, screenwriter and director (d. 2010)
• April 26 – Marianne Hoppe, German actress (d. 2002)

May–June

• May 1 – Anthony Salerno, American gangster (d. 1992)
• May 5 – Andor Lilienthal, Hungarian Chess Grandmaster (d. 2010)
• May 6 – Frank Nelson, American actor (d. 1986)
• May 7 – Ishirō Honda, Japanese film director (d. 1993)
• May 8 – Robert Johnson, American guitarist and singer (d. 1938)
• May 10 – Bel Kaufman, German-born American author (d. 2014)
• May 11
  • Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian (d. 1985)
  • Doodles Weaver, American actor and comedian (d. 1983)
• May 14 – Ne Win, President of Burma (d. 2002)
• May 15 – Max Frisch, Swiss author (d. 1991)
• May 17
  • Lisa Fonssagrives, Swedish model (d. 1992)
  • Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (d. 1998)
• May 18 – Big Joe Turner, American singer (d. 1985)
• May 20
  • Gardner Fox, American writer (d. 1986)
  • Milt Gabler, American record producer (d. 2001)
• May 22 – Anatol Rapoport, Russian-born American mathematical psychologist (d. 2007)
• May 24
  • Carleen Hutchins, American violin maker (d. 2009)
  • Barbara West, second-to-last living survivor of the Titanic sinking (d. 2007)
• May 26 – Ben Alexander, American actor (d. 1969)
• May 27
  • Hubert Humphrey, American politician, 38th Vice President of the United States (d. 1978)
  • Teddy Kollek, Austrian-born Israeli politician, mayor of Jerusalem 2007)
  • Vincent Price, American actor (d. 1993)
• May 28 – Fritz Hochwälder, Austrian author (d. 1986)
• May 31 – Maurice Allais, French economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
• June 3 – Ellen Corby, American actress (d. 1999)
• June 12 – Milovan Đilas, Yugoslavian Marxist (d. 1995)
• June 13
  • Prince Aly Khan, Imam of Ismaili Shi'a Islam (d. 1960)
  • Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
• June 15 – W. V. Awdry, English children's writer (d. 1997)
• June 20 – Paul Pietsch, German racer and magazine magnate (d. 2012)
• June 21 – Wonderful Smith, African-American comedian (d. 2008)
• June 24
  • Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer (d. 2011)
  • Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentine race car driver (d. 1995)
• June 25 – William Howard Stein, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
• June 26 – Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete and golfer (d. 1956)
• June 29
  • Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, German-born Prince Consort of the Netherlands (1948-1980) (d. 2004)
  • Bernard Herrmann, American composer (d. 1975)
• June 30 – Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)

July–August

• July 1 – Sergei Sokolov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 2012)
• July 4
  • Mitch Miller, American singer and television personality (d. 2010)
  • Frederick Seitz, American scientist (d. 2008)
• July 5
  • 1980)
  • 1974)
• July 6 – LaVerne Andrews, American singer (d. 1967)
• July 7 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born American composer (d. 2007)
• July 9
  • John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist (d. 2008)
  • Mervyn Peake, British writer and illustrator (d. 1968)
• July 16
  • Ginger Rogers, American actress (d. 1995)
  • Jerry Burke, American musician (d. 1965)
• July 17 – Ted Anderson, English footballer (d. 1979)
• July 18 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003)
• July 21 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author (d. 1980)
• July 28 – Ann Doran, American actress (d. 2000)
• July 29 – Ján Cikker, Slovak composer (d. 1989)
• 1983)
• August 2 – Rusty Wescoatt, American actor (d. 1987)
• August 3 – Manuel Esperón, Mexican musician and composer (d. 2011)
• August 5 – Robert Taylor, American actor (d. 1969)
• August 6
  • Lucille Ball, American actress (d. 1989)
  • Constance Fecher Heaven, British romance writer (d. 1995)
• August 7 – Nicholas Ray, American director (d. 1979)
• August 8 – Rosetta LeNoire, American actress (d. 2002)
• August 9 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• August 10 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian (d. 1993)
• August 11 – William H. Avery, American politician (d. 2009)
• August 12 – Cantinflas, Mexican actor (d. 1993)
• August 14 – Vethathiri Maharishi, Spiritual Leader (d. 2006) who found World Community Service Center(WCSC)
• August 17
  • Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player (d. 1995)
  • Martin Sandberger, German military officer (d. 2010)
• August 18 – Amelia Boynton Robinson, American civil rights activist
• August 23
  • Betty Robinson, American athlete (d. 1999)
  • Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (d. 1998)
• August 25 – Võ Nguyên Giáp, General of the Vietnam People's Army (d. 2013)
• August 27 – Kay Walsh, British actress (d. 2005)

September–October

• September 2 – Floyd Council, American musician (d. 1976)
• September 6 – Harry Danning, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• September 7 – Todor Zhivkov, President of Bulgaria (d. 1998)
• September 9 – John Gorton, nineteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002)
• September 13 – Bill Monroe, American musician (d. 1996)
• September 15 – Joseph Pevney, American director (d. 2008)
• September 19 – William Golding, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• September 20 – Shriram Sharma Acharya, Indian religious leader (d. 1990)
• September 23 – Frank Moss, American politician (d. 2003)
• September 24
  • Konstantin Chernenko, President of the Soviet Union (d. 1985)
  • Ed Kretz, American motorcycle racer (d. 1996)
• September 27 – John Harvey, American actor (d. 1982)
• September 29 – Charles Court, Australian politician (d. 2007)
• October 5
  • Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (d. 1966)
  • Pierre Dansereau, Canadian ecologist (d. 2011)
• October 9 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
• October 10 – Clare Hollingworth, British journalist
• October 13 – Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
• October 14 – Lê Đức Thọ, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)
• October 15 – James H. Schmitz, German-born American science fiction writer (d. 1981)
• October 26
  • Sid Gillman, American football coach (d. 2003)
  • Mahalia Jackson, African-American gospel singer (d. 1972)
• October 27 – Leif Erickson, American actor (d. 1986)
• October 30 – Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)

November–December

André Claveau

• November 1
  • Sidney Wood, American tennis player (d. 2009)
  • Henri Troyat, French writer (d. 2007)
• November 2 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
• November 5 – Roy Rogers, American singer and actor (d. 1998)
• November 7 – Yolande Beekman, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1944)
• November 9 – Louise Lindner, American wife of Lee Eastman and mother of Linda McCartney (d. 1962)
• November 12 – Chad Varah, British priest and humanitarian (d. 2007)
• November 13 – Buck O'Neil, American baseball player and manager (d. 2006)
• November 24 – Erik Bergman, Finnish composer (d. 2006)
• November 25 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (d. 1984)
• November 27
  • David Merrick, American theater producer (d. 2000)
  • Fe del Mundo, Filipino pediatrician (d. 2011)
• November 28 – Václav Renč, Czech poet, dramatist and translator (d. 1973)
• 1953)
• December 3 – Nino Rota, Italian composer (d. 1979)
• December 5 – Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist and memoirist (d. 2000)
• December 8 – Lee J. Cobb, American actor (d. 1976)
• December 10 – Chet Huntley, American Television Reportor (d. 1974)
• December 11
  • Val Guest, British film director (d. 2006)
  • Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
  • Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist (d. 2009)
• December 13
  • Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
  • Kenneth Patchen, American poet and painter (d. 1972)
• December 17 – André Claveau, French singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1958 winner (d. 2003)
• December 18 – Jules Dassin, American director (d. 2008)
• December 20 – Hortense Calisher, American author (d. 2009)
• December 21 – Josh Gibson, African-American baseball player (d. 1947)
• December 23 – Niels Kaj Jerne, English-born immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
• December 25 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born American artist (d. 2010)
• December 26
  • Arsenio Lacson, Filipino politician and sportswriter (d. 1962)
  • Steve Kordek, American pinball innovator (d. 2012)
• December 27 – Anna Russell, British comedian and singer (d. 2006)
• December 28 – Sam Levenson, American humorist and author (d.1980)
• December 30 – Jeanette Nolan, American actress (d. 1998)

Date unknown

• Jaime Ornelas Camacho, Portuguese politician

Deaths

January–June

• January 17 – Sir Francis Galton, English explorer and biologist (b. 1822)
• February 1 – Charles Stillman Sperry, American admiral (b. 1847)
• February 4 – Piet Cronjé, Boer general (b. 1836)
• February 15 – Theodor Escherich, German-Austrian pediatrician (b. 1857)
• February 21 – Isidre Nonell, Spanish painter (b. 1873)
• March 1 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• April 10 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian artist and composer (b. 1875)
• April 14
  • Addie Joss, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1880)
  • Denman Thompson, American actor and playwright (b. 1833)
• April 25 – Emilio Salgari, Italian writer (b. 1862)
• 1846)
• May 18 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (b. 1860)
• May 21 – Williamina Fleming, Scottish astronomer (b. 1857)
• May 27 – Thursday October Christian II, Pitcairn Islands leader (b. 1820)
• May 29 – William S. Gilbert, English dramatist (b. 1836)
• June 2 – Axel Olof Freudenthal, philologist and politician (b. 1836)
• June 9 – Carrie Nation, American temperance activist (b. 1846)
• June 25 – Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy (b. 1843)

July–December

• July 2 – Clement A. Evans, Confederate general (b. 1833)
• July 15 – Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1832)
• July 16 – August Harambašić, Croatian writer (b. 1861)
• July 19 – Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer anad africanist (b. 1854)
• August 1
  • Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter (b. 1852)
  • Samuel Arza Davenport, American politician (b. 1843)
• August 8 – William P. Frye, U.S. Senator (b. 1830)
• August 12 – Jules Brunet, French military leader (b. 1838)
• September 16 – Edward Whymper, British explorer (b. 1840)
• September 18 – Pyotr Stolypin, Prime Minister of the Russian Empire (assassinated) (b. 1862)
• September 29 – Henry Northcote, former Governor-General of Australia (b. 1846)
• October 2 – Winfield Scott Schley, American admiral (b. 1839)
• October 7
  • John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (b. 1835)
  • Elmer McCurdy, American Outlaw (b. 1880)
• October 14 – John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
• October 19 – Eugene Ely, pioneer aviator (b. 1886)
• October 24 – Ida Lewis, lighthouse keeper (b. 1842)
• October 29 – Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian-born newspaper publisher and journalist (b. 1847)
• October 31 – John Joseph Montgomery, American glider pioneer (b. 1858)
• November 9 – Howard Pyle, American artist and fictional writer (b. 1853)
• 1841)
• November 23 – Bernard Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1865)
• November 26 – Komura Jutarō, Japanese statesman (b. 1855)
• December 10 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (b. 1817)
• December 20 – Rose Eytinge, American actress (b. 1835)
• December 22 – Odilon Lannelongue, French surgeon (b. 1840)
• December 25 – Arthur F. Griffith, American calculating prodigy (b. 1880)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Wilhelm Wien
• Chemistry – Maria Skłodowska-Curie
• Medicine – Allvar Gullstrand
• Literature – Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck
• Peace – Tobias Asser Alfred Hermann Fried

References