1931

1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (dominical letter D), the 1931st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 931st year of the 2nd millennium, the 31st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1930s decade.

Events

January

• January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics.
• January 3 – Albert Einstein begins doing research at the California Institute of Technology, along with astronomer Edwin Hubble.
• January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa.
• January 6 – Thomas Edison submits his last patent application.
• January 22 – Sir Isaac Isaacs is sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia.
• January 25 – Mohandas Gandhi is again released from imprisonment in India.
• January 27 – Pierre Laval forms a government in France.
• January 30 – Release of the movie City Lights starring Charlie Chaplin.

February

• February 3 – Hawke's Bay earthquake: Much of the New Zealand cities of Napier and Hastings are destroyed in an earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale killing 256 people.
• February 4 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gives speech calling for rapid industrialization, arguing that only strong industrialized countries will win wars while "weak" nations are "beaten". Stalin states : "We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us." Intensification of the First Five Year Plan in the Soviet Union for industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.
• February 10 – Official inauguration ceremonies for New Delhi as the capital of India begin.^[1]
• February 11 – National Socialist (NSDAP) and National Party (DNVP) members walk out of the German Reichstag in protest against changes in the parliament's protocol intended to limit heckling.
• February 12 – Radio Vaticana first broadcasts.
• February 14 – The original film version of Dracula with Bela Lugosi is released in the United States.
• February 16 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud is elected president of Finland.
• February 20 – California gets the go-ahead by the United States Congress to build the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.
• February 21 – Peruvian revolutionaries hijack a Ford Trimotor aeroplane and demand that the pilot drop propaganda leaflets over Lima.

February 10: New Delhi becomes India's capital

February 21: Ford Trimotor hijacked

March

• March 1 – The USS Arizona is placed back in full commission after a refit.
• March 1 – Sir Oswald Mosley founds the New Party as a breakaway from the Labour Party in the United Kingdom.
• March 3 – The Star-Spangled Banner is adopted as the United States National anthem.
• March 5 – The British viceroy of India and Mohandas Gandhi sign the Gandhi–Irwin Pact.
• March 7 – The new House of Representatives opens in Helsinki, Finland.
• March 11 – The Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR programme, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union.
• March 17 – Nevada legalizes gambling.
• Conservative candidate Duff Cooper. The by-election has been treated virtually as a referendum on the leadership of the Conservative leader Stanley Baldwin, and Duff Cooper's victory ends the campaign by the press barons Lord Beaverbrook and Viscount Rothermere to oust Baldwin.
• March 23 – Indian revolutionary leaders Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for conspiracy to murder in the British Raj.
• March 25 – The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.
• March 27 – British writer Arnold Bennett dies of typhoid in London shortly after returning from a visit to Paris, where he drank local water to prove it was safe.
• March 31 – An earthquake destroys Managua, Nicaragua, killing 2,000 people.

April

• April 1 – The Second Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet in China is launched by the Kuomintang government to destroy the Communist forces in Jiangxi province.
• April 6 – The Portuguese government declares martial law in Madeira and in the Azores because of an attempted military takeover in Funchal.
• April 9 – Argentinian anarchist Severino Digiovanni is executed.
• April 12 – Municipal elections in Spain, which are treated as a virtual referendum on the monarchy, result in the triumph for the republican parties.
• April 14 – The Second Spanish Republic is proclaimed in Madrid.
• April 15 – The Castellemmarese War ends with the assassination of Joe "The Boss" Masseria, briefly leaving Salvatore Maranzano as capo di tutti i capi ("boss of all bosses") and undisputed ruler of the American Mafia. Maranzano is himself assassinated less than 6 months later, leading to the establishment of the Five Families.
• April 22 – Austria, Britain, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the USA recognize the Spanish Republic.

May

May 1: Empire State Building is completed.

• May 1 – Construction of the Empire State Building is completed in New York City.
• May 4 – Kemal Atatürk is re-elected president of Turkey.
• May 5 – İsmet İnönü forms new government in Turkey. (7th government)
• May 11 – The Creditanstalt, Austria's largest bank, goes bankrupt, beginning the banking collapse in Central Europe that causes a worldwide financial meltdown.
• May 13 – Paul Doumer is elected president of France.
• May 15 – The Chinese Communists inflict a sharp defeat on the Kuomintang forces.
• May 31 – The Second Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet ends in defeat of the Kuomintang.

June

• June 5 – German Chancellor Dr. Heinrich Brüning visits London, where he warns the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald that the collapse of the Austrian banking system, caused by the bankruptcy of the Creditanstalt, has left the entire German banking system on the verge of collapse.
• June 12 – English cricketer Charlie Parker equals J. T. Hearne's record for the earliest date to reach 100 wickets.
• June 14 – The overloaded pleasure craft Saint-Philibert, carrying trippers home to Nantes from the Île de Noirmoutier, sinks at the mouth of the river Loire in France; over 450 drown.
• June 19
  • In an attempt to stop the banking crisis in Central Europe from causing a worldwide financial meltdown, U.S. President Herbert Hoover issues the Hoover Moratorium.
  • The Geneva Convention (1929) relative to the treatment of prisoners of war enters into force.
• June 23–July 1 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty accomplish the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane, flying eastabout from Roosevelt Field, New York, in 8 days, 15 hours, 51 minutes.^[2]

July

• July – John Haven Emerson of Cambridge, Massachusetts perfects his negative pressure ventilator ("iron lung") just in time for the growing polio epidemic.
• July 1 – Rebuilt Milano Centrale railway station officially opens in Italy.
• July 9 – Irish racing driver Kaye Don breaks the world water speed record at Lake Garda, Italy.^[3]
• July 13 – Royal soldiers shoot and kill 22 people demonstrating against the Maharaja Hari Singh of the Indian princely state of Kashmir and Jammu.^[4]
• July 16 – Emperor Haile Selassie signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.
• July 26 – The millennialist Bible Student movement adopts the name Jehovah's Witnesses at a meeting in Columbus, Ohio.
• July 31 – The May Report in the United Kingdom recommends extensive cuts to government expenditure. This produces a political crisis as many members of the Labour Party (at this time in government) object to the proposals.

August

• The 1931 China floods reach their peak in possibly the deadliest natural disaster yet recorded
• August 9 – Referendum in Prussia for dissolving the Landtag ends with the "yes" side winning 37% of the vote, which is insufficient for calling the early elections. The elections are intended to remove the Social Democratic Party (SPD) government of Otto Braun, which is one of the strongest forces for democracy in Germany. Supporting the "yes" side were the NSDAP, the DNVP and the Communist Party (KPD) while supporting the "no" side were the SPD and Zentrum.
• August 11 – Run on the British pound leads to political and economic crisis in Britain.
• August 24 – The Labour Government of Ramsay MacDonald resigns in Britain, replaced by a National Government of people drawn from all parties, also under MacDonald.

September

September 18: The Mukden Incident: Incident Museum in Shenyang

• September 5 – John Thomson, Scottish football player, dies as the result of an accident during a Celtic–Rangers match.
• September 7 – Second Round Table Conference on the constitutional future of India opens in London. Mahatma Gandhi represents the Indian National Congress.
• September 10 – The worst hurricane in British Honduras history kills an estimated 1,500.
• September 15 – Invergordon Mutiny: Strikes are called in the British Royal Navy due to decreased pay.
• September 16 – Hanging of resistance leader Omar Mukhtar in Italian Libya.
• September 18
  • Japanese military stage the Mukden Incident as a pretext for the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.
  • Geli Raubal commits suicide in her uncle Adolf Hitler's apartment.
• September 20 – With a gun literally pointed to his head the Chinese commander of Kirin province announces the annexation of that territory to Japan.
• September 22 – The United Kingdom abandons the gold standard.

October

• October – The Caltech Department of Physics faculty and graduate students meet with Albert Einstein as a guest.
• October 4 – Dick Tracy, the comic strip detective character created by cartoonist Chester Gould, makes his debut appearance in the Detroit Mirror newspaper.
• October 5 – American aviators Clyde Edward Pangborn and Hugh Herndon, Jr., complete the first non-stop flight across the Pacific Ocean, from Misawa, Japan, to East Wenatchee, Washington, in 41½ hours.^[5]
• October 11 – Rally in Bad Harzburg, Germany leads to the Harzburg Front being founded, uniting the NSDAP, the DNVP, the Stahlhelm and various other right-wing fractions.
• October 17
  • American gangster Al Capone is sentenced to 11 years in prison for tax evasion in Chicago.
  • Leeds Bradford International Airport is opened as Leeds and Bradford Municipal Aerodrome in England.
• Hudson River in the United States is dedicated; it opens to traffic the following day. At 3,500 feet (1,100 m), it nearly doubles the previous record for the longest main span in the world.
• October 27 – United Kingdom general election results in the victory of the National Government and the defeat of Labour Party in the country's greatest ever electoral landslide.

November

• November 7 – The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed by Mao Zedong.
• November 8 – Our Gang kid Darla Hood was born.
  • French police launch a large-scale raid against Corsican bandits.
  • The Panama Canal is closed for a couple of weeks due to damage caused by earthquakes.
• November 21 – The infamous Red-and-White Party, given by Arthur Jeffress in Maud Allan’s Regent’s Park townhouse in London, marks the end of the "Bright young things" subculture in Britain.^[6]
• November 25 – Heavy Hydrogen, later named Deuterium, is discovered by chemist Harold Clayton Urey.
  • Ali Fethi Okyar forms a new government in Turkey (third government).
  • Release of James Whale's film of Frankenstein in New York.

December

• December 8 – Carl Friedrich Goerdeler is appointed Reich Price Commissioner in Germany to enforce the deflationary policies of the Brüning government.
• December 10
  • Jane Addams became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
  • Niceto Alcalá-Zamora is elected president of the Spanish Republic.
• December 11 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom enacts the Statute of Westminster, which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, the Dominion of New Zealand and the Union of South Africa.
• December 13 – Wakatsuki Reijirō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan.
• Latino fraternity, is founded.
• December 31 – Statute of Westminster creates the British Commonwealth of Nations.

Date unknown

• Ust-Abakanskoye becomes Abakan.
• The National Committee for Modification of the Volstead Act is formed to work for the repeal of prohibition in the United States.
• Salvador Dalí's The Persistence of Memory is put on display for the first time in Paris at the Galerie Pierre Colle.
• The automobile manufacturer Porsche is founded by Ferdinand Porsche in Stuttgart.

Births

January

Robert Duvall

• January 5
  • Alvin Ailey, American choreographer (d. 1989)
  • Alfred Brendel, Austrian pianist
  • Robert Duvall, American actor and director
• January 6
  • Fern Battaglia, American professional baseball player (d. 2001)
  • E. L. Doctorow, American author
• January 8 – Bill Graham, German concert promoter (d. 1991)
• January 10 – Peter Barnes, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 2004)
• January 12 – Roland Alphonso, Jamaican musician (d. 1998)
• January 13 – Charles Nelson Reilly, American actor (d. 2007)
• January 14 – Caterina Valente, French singer and actress
• January 16
  • Ellen Holly, American actress
  • Johannes Rau, President of Germany (d. 2006)
• January 17 – James Earl Jones, American actor
• January 18 – Chun Doo-hwan, President of South Korea
• January 19
  • Pat Hunt, New Zealand National Party politician
  • Robert MacNeil, Canadian journalist
• January 20 – David Lee, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• January 22 – Sam Cooke, American singer (d. 1964)
• January 24 – Lars Hörmander, Swedish mathematician (d. 2012)
• January 26 – Alfred Lynch, English actor (d. 2003)
• January 27 – Mordecai Richler, Canadian author (d. 2001)
• January 29 – Ferenc Madl, President of Hungary (d. 2011)
• January 30 – Allan W. Eckert, American historian, naturalist, and author (d. 2011)
• January 31 – Ernie Banks, American baseball player

February

Boris Yeltsin

James Dean

• February 1
  • Tajuddin Ahmed, former President of Bangladesh (d. 1975)
  • Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (d. 2007)
• February 2
  • Dries van Agt, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1977 until 1982
  • Les Dawson, British comedian (d. 1993)
• February 6
  • Rip Torn, American actor and director
  • Mamie Van Doren, American actress and author
• February 8 – James Dean, American actor (d. 1955)
• February 9 – Thomas Bernhard, Austrian author (d. 1989)
• February 11 – Larry Merchant, American author and boxing commentator
• February 13 – Geoff Edwards, American actor and game show host (d. 2014)
• February 16
  • 2007)
  • Ken Takakura, Japanese actor (d. 2014)
• February 18
  • Johnny Hart, American cartoonist (d. 2007)
  • Toni Morrison, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Bob St. Clair, American football player
• February 24 – Brian Close, British cricketer
• February 25 – Eric Edgar Cooke, Australian Murderer (d. 1964)
• February 26 – Ally McLeod, Scottish football manager
• February 28
  • Dean Smith, American basketball coach
  • Gavin MacLeod, American actor and Mayor of Pacific Palisades

March

Mikhail Gorbachev

Rupert Murdoch

• March 2
  • Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
  • Tom Wolfe, American novelist and journalist
• March 3 – John Smith, American actor (d. 1995)
• March 4
  • Wally Bruner, American journalist and television host (d. 1997)
  • William Cardinal Keeler, American Roman Catholic prelate
  • Alice Rivlin, American economist
• March 8 – Neil Postman, American media theorist and cultural critic (d. 2003)
• March 11 – Rupert Murdoch, Australian-born publisher
• March 18 – Shirley Stovroff, American female professional baseball player (d. 1994)
• March 20
  • Hal Linden, American actor and singer
  • Karen Steele, American actress (d. 1988)
• March 22
  • Burton Richter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • William Shatner, Canadian actor
• March 24 – Connie Hines, American actress (d. 2009)
• March 26 – Leonard Nimoy, American actor and director
• March 27 – David Janssen, American actor (d. 1980)
• March 29
  • Aleksei Gubarev, Russian cosmonaut
  • Norman Tebbit, British politician

April

• April 1
  • Ita Ever, Estonian actress
  • Rolf Hochhuth, German writer
• April 5 – Héctor Olivera, Argentine film director, producer and screenwriter
• April 6 – Suchitra Sen (Roma Dasgupta), legendary Bengali actress (d. 2014)
• April 11
  • Luis Cabral, Guinea-Bissauan President (d. 2009)
  • Mustafa Dagistanli, Turkish free-style wrestler
  • Johnny Sheffield, American child actor (d. 2010)
• April 15 – Helen Maksagak, Canadian, first Inuk and woman to be the Commissioner of both the Northwest Territories and Nunavut (d. 2009)
• April 27 – Igor Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist
• April 29
  • Frank Auerbach, German-born painter
  • Lonnie Donegan, Scottish musician (d. 2002)

May

• May 6 – Willie Mays, African-American baseball player
• May 7 – Teresa Brewer, American pop and jazz singer (d. 2007)
• May 10 – Ichirō Nagai, Japanese voice actor (d. 2014)
• May 13
  • Jim Jones, American cult leader (d. 1978)
  • Jiri Petr, Czech university president
• May 14 – Alvin Lucier, American composer
• May 15
  • Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Chairman of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse
  • Ken Venturi, American golfer (d. 2013)
• May 16
  • Jack Dodson, American actor (d. 1994)
  • Natwar Singh, Indian politician
• May 17 – Marshall Applewhite, Heaven's Gate religious sect founder (d. 1997)
• May 18 – Robert Morse, American actor
• May 19 – Eric Tappy, Swiss tenor
• May 20 – Ken Boyer, American baseball player (d. 1982)
• May 23 – Patience Cleveland, American actress and diarist (d. 2004)
• Georgy Grechko, Russian cosmonaut
• May 28 – Carroll Baker, American actress
• May 30 – Fr. John O'Brien, Irish priest and musician (d. 2008)
• May 31
  • John Schrieffer, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Shirley Verrett, American mezzo-soprano (d. 2010)

June

Raúl Castro

Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Olympia Dukakis

• June 2 – Larry Jackson, American baseball player (d. 1990)
• June 3
  • Raúl Castro, President of Cuba
  • Lindy Remigino, American athlete
• June 7 – Malcolm Morley, English-born painter
• June 8 – Dana Wynter, German-born American actress (d. 2011)
• June 9
  • Jackie Mason, American comedian
  • Joe Santos, American actor
• June 10 – João Gilberto, Brazilian musician
• June 13 – Moysés Baumstein, Brazilian holographer and artist (d. 1991)
• June 14
  • Kenneth Cope, English actor
  • Ross Higgins, Australian actor
  • Marla Gibbs, American comedic actress and singer
  • Junior Walker, American saxophonist and singer (d. 1995)
• June 18 – Fernando Henrique Cardoso, former President of Brazil
• June 20
  • Olympia Dukakis, American actress
  • Arne Nordheim, Norwegian composer (d. 2010)
• June 21 – Margaret Heckler, American Secretary of Health and Human Services
• June 24 – Billy Casper, American golfer
• June 25 – Vishwanath Pratap Singh, former Prime Minister of India (d. 2008)
• June 26 – Colin Wilson, British writer (d. 2013)
• June 27 – Martinus J. G. Veltman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• June 29 – Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton, former Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland and British Lord of Appeal in Ordinary

July

• July 1
  • Leslie Caron, French actress
  • Marilyn Hickey, American evangelist
  • Seyni Kountche, former President of Niger (d. 1987)
• July 2 – Robert Ito, Canadian actor
• July 4 – Stephen Boyd, Irish actor (d. 1977)
• July 5 – Ismail Mahomed, South African and Namibian Chief Justice (d. 2000)
• July 6
  • Jean Campeau, French Canadian businessman and politician
  • Della Reese, American actress, singer and evangelist
  • Robert Dunham, American actor and writer (d. 2001)
• July 7 – David Eddings, American novelist (d. 2009)
• July 10
  • Nick Adams, American actor (d. 1968)
  • Alice Munro, Canadian writer
• July 11 – Tab Hunter, American actor and singer (Damn Yankees)
• July 15 – Clive Cussler, American author
• July 19 – Mary Lou Studnicka, American female professional baseball player
• July 23 – Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu, Māori Queen (d. 2006)
• July 26 – Fred Foster, American songwriter and record producer
• July 27 – Jerry Van Dyke, American comedian and actor

August

Regis Philbin

Sri Chinmoy

• August 7 – Charles E. "Charlie" Rice, American legal scholar and author
• August 9 – Mario Zagallo, Brazilian football player and manager
• August 12 – William Goldman, American author
• August 15 – Joe Feeney, American singer (d. 2008)
• August 18
  • Hans van Mierlo, Dutch politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister (d. 2010)
  • Bramwell Tillsley, General of The Salvation Army
• August 19 – Willie Shoemaker, American jockey (d. 2003)
• August 20 – Don King, American boxing promoter
• August 23
  • Barbara Eden, American actress and singer
  • Hamilton O. Smith, American microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• August 25
  • Hal Fishman, Los Angeles based local news anchor (d. 2007)
  • Regis Philbin, American television personality
• August 27
  • Sri Chinmoy, Bengali spiritual teacher, poet, artist and athlete who immigrated to the U.S. in 1964 (d. 2007)
• August 28 – John Shirley-Quirk, English bass-baritone (d. 2014)
• August 30
  • Jacques Braunstein, Romanian-born Venezuelan economist, publicist and disc jockey (d. 2009)
  • Jack Swigert, American astronaut (d. 1982)
• August 31
  • Jean Béliveau, Canadian hockey player (d. 2014)
  • Kenny Burrell, American jazz musician
  • Noble Willingham, American actor (d. 2004)

September

Ian Holm

• September 1
  • Cecil Parkinson, British politician
  • Javier Solis, Mexican ranchera & bolero singer (d. 1966)
• September 4 – Mitzi Gaynor, American actress, singer and dancer
• September 8 – Jack Rosenthal, English playwright (d. 2004)
• September 10 – Philip Baker Hall, American actor
• September 14
  • Dr. Thomas P. Mulcahey, Nuclear Scientist (d. 2011)
  • Ian Holm, British actor
  • 2013)
• September 17 – Anne Bancroft, American actress (d. 2005)
• September 21
  • Gertrude Alderfer, American female professional baseball player
  • Gloria Cordes, American female professional baseball player
  • Larry Hagman, American actor and director (d. 2012)
• September 22
  • Fay Weldon, British author
  • 2003)
• September 23 – Gerald Stairs Merrithew, Canadian educator and statesman (d. 2004)
• September 29
  • James Watson Cronin, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Anita Ekberg, Swedish actress
• September 30
  • Angie Dickinson, American actress
  • Wesley L. Fox, U.S. Marine Corps officer

October

Desmond Tutu

• October 1 – Alan Wagner, American opera critic (d. 2007)
• October 3 – Denise Scott Brown, American architect
• October 6 – Riccardo Giacconi, Italian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• October 7
  • Cotton Fitzsimmons, American basketball coach (d. 2004)
  • Desmond Tutu, South African Anglican archbishop and activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• October 13 – Eddie Mathews, baseball player (d. 2001)
• October 15 – Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, President of India
• October 16
  • James Chace, American historian (d. 2004)
  • Charles Colson, American politician; Watergate conspirator (d. 2012)
  • Rosa Rosal, Filipino actress and humanitarian
• October 17
  • José Alencar, Brazilian politician (d. 2011)
  • Ernst Hinterberger, Austrian writer (d. 2012)
• October 19
  • John le Carré, English novelist
  • Manolo Escobar, Spanish singer and actor. (d. 2013)
• October 20
  • Morris Cerullo, American televangelist
  • Mickey Mantle, American baseball player (d. 1995)
• October 23
  • Jim Bunning, American baseball player and U.S. Senator
  • Diana Dors, English actress (d. 1984)
• October 25 – Jimmy McIlroy, Irish footballer and football manager
• October 31
  • Isabel Alvarez, Cuban female professional baseball player
  • Dan Rather, American television news reporter

November

Ike Turner

Adolfo Pérez Esquivel

• November 3
  • Peggy McCay, American actress
  • Michael Fu Tieshan, Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association bishop (d. 2007)
  • Monica Vitti, Italian actress
• November 4 – Marie Mansfield, American professional baseball player
• November 5 – Ike Turner, African-American singer and songwriter (d. 2007)
• November 6 – Mike Nichols, German-American television actor, writer and director
• November 8
  • Darla Hood, American actress, voice actress, and singer (d. 1979)
  • Morley Safer, Canadian journalist
• November 9 – Whitey Herzog, American baseball player
• November 15 – Mwai Kibaki, third President of Kenya
• November 16 – Hubert Sumlin, American blues musician (d. 2011)
• November 21
  • 1985)
  • Malcolm Williamson, Australian composer (d. 2003)
• November 23 – Dervla Murphy, Irish author
• November 26 – Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Argentine activist; recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

December

Rita Moreno

• December 1
  • Jimmy Lyons, American musician (d. 1986)
  • Jim Nesbitt, American country music singer (d. 2007)
• December 2
  • Nigel Calder, British science writer (d. 2014)
  • Edwin Meese, American attorney, law professor, and author; 75th Attorney General of the United States (1985–1988)
• Jaye P. Morgan, American singer, chanteuse
• December 9 – Ladislav Smoljak, Czech film and theater director, actor and screenwriter (d. 2010)
• December 11 – Rita Moreno, Puerto Rican-American actress
• December 12 – Lionel Blair, British actor, choreographer, dancer, headmaster and TV presenter
• December 17 – Dave Madden, Canadian American actor (d. 2014)
• December 23 – Ronnie Schell, American actor
• December 24 – Mauricio Kagel, Argentine composer (d. 2008)
• December 28 – Martin Milner, American actor
• December 30 – Skeeter Davis, American singer (d. 2004)
• December 31 – Bob Shaw, Irish writer (d. 1996)

Date unknown

• Lyle Lahey, American cartoonist (d. 2013)

Deaths

January

• January 3 – Joseph Joffre, French World War I general (b. 1852)
• January 4
  • Art Acord, American actor (b. 1890)
  • Roger Connor, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1857)
  • Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife, British royal, eldest daughter of Edward VII (b. 1867)
• January 11 – James Milton Carroll, Baptist pastor, historian, and author (b. 1852)
• January 14 – Hardy Richardson, baseball player (b. 1855)
• January 22 – Alma Rubens, American actress (b. 1897)
• January 23
  • Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina (b. 1881)
  • Ernst Ritter Seidler von Feuchtenegg, former Minister-President of Austria (b. 1862)

February

• February 11 – Charles Algernon Parsons, British inventor (b. 1854)
• February 16 – Wilhelm von Gloeden, German photographer (b. 1856)
• February 18 – Louis Wolheim, American actor (b. 1880)
• February 23 – Dame Nellie Melba, Australian soprano (b. 1861)
• February 26 – Otto Wallach, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1847)
• February 28 – Thomas S. Rodgers, American admiral (b. 1858)

March

• March 5 – Arthur Tooth, Anglican clergyman (b. 1839)
• March 7 – Akseli Gallén-Kallela, Finnish painter (b. 1865)
• March 11 – F.W. Murnau, German director (b. 1888)
• March 20
  • Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
  • Joseph B. Murdock, United States Navy admiral and New Hampshire politician (b. 1851)
• March 21 – Bhagat Singh, Indian revolutionary (b. 1908)
• March 24 – Robert Edeson, American actor (b. 1868)
• March 25 – Ida Wells, African-American lynching crusader.
• March 27 – Arnold Bennett, English novelist (b. 1867)
• March 28 – Ban Johnson, American baseball executive (b. 1864)
• March 31 – Knute Rockne, American football coach (b. 1888)

April

• April 8 – Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1864)
• April 9 – Nicholas Longworth, American politician, Speaker of the House (b. 1869)
• April 10 – Khalil Gibran, Lebanese poet and painter (b. 1883)
• April 14 – Richard Armstedt, German historian (b. 1851)
• April 15 – Joe Masseria, Italian-born American gangster (b. 1886)
• April 20 – Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, British baronet and Titanic survivor (b. 1862)
• 1863)
• April 30 – Sammy Woods, English cricketer (b. 1867)

May

• 1840)
• May 9 – Albert Abraham Michelson, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• May 14 – David Belasco, American Broadway impresario, theater owner and playwright (b. 1853)

June

• June 2 – Joseph Farnham, American screenwriter (b. 1884)
• June 4 – Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, Arab nationalist

July

• July 4
  • Buddie Petit, American jazz musician
  • Prince Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta (b. 1869)
• July 12 – Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1866)

August

• August 6 – Bix Beiderbecke, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1903)
• August 15 – Nigar Shikhlinskaya, Azerbaijani World War I nurse (b. ca. 1878)
• August 26 – Hamaguchi Osachi, 27th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1870)
• August 27
  • Frank Harris, Irish author and editor (b. 1856)
  • Francis Marion Smith, American businessman (b. 1846)

September

• September 5 – John Thomson, Scottish footballer (b. 1909)
• September 10 – Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American mobster (b. 1886)
• September 16 – Omar Mukhtar, the leader of Libyan resistance (b. 1858)
• September 17
  • Marcello Amero D'Aste, Italian admiral and politician (b. 1853)
  • Marvin Hart, American World Heavyweight Boxing Champion (b. 1876)

October

Thomas Edison

• October 3 – Carl Nielsen, Danish composer (b. 1865)
• October 13 – Ernst Didring, Swedish writer (b. 1868)
• October 18 – Thomas Edison, American inventor (b. 1847)
• October 24 – Sir Murray Bisset, South African cricketer and Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. 1876)

November

• November 4 – Buddy Bolden, African-American musician (b. 1877)
• November 6 – Jack Chesbro, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1874)
• November 11 – Shibusawa Eiichi, Japanese industrialist (b. 1840)
• November 20 – Julius Drewe, English businessman, retailer and entrepreneur (b. 1856)

December

• December 2 – Vincent d'Indy, French composer (b. 1851)
• December 5 – Vachel Lindsay, American poet (b. 1879)
• December 18 – Jack Diamond, American gangster (b. 1897)
• December 23 – Tyrone Power, Sr., American actor (b. 1869)
• December 26 – Melvil Dewey, American librarian, inventor of Dewey Decimal Classification (b. 1851)

Date unknown

• Virginia Frances Sterrett, American artist and illustrator (b. 1900)
• Joseph Tabrar, British songwriter (b. 1857)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – not awarded
• Chemistry – Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
• Physiology or Medicine – Otto Heinrich Warburg
• Literature – Erik Axel Karlfeldt
• Peace – Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler

References

• The 1930s Timeline: 1931 — from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
• 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century by Henry Hartshorne