Abbreviated Injury Scale

The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is an anatomical-based coding system created by the [3] It represents the threat to life associated with the injury rather than the comprehensive assessment of the severity of the injury.^[4] AIS is one of the most common anatomic scales for traumatic injuries.^[5] The first version of the scale was published in 1969^[6] with major updates in 1976, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1998, 2005, and 2008.^[7]

1 Scale
- 1.1 Severity
2 See also
3 External links
4 References

Scale

The score describes three aspects of the injury using 7 numbers written as 12(34)(56).7^[4]

Type
Location
Severity

Each number signifies

1- body region
2- type of anatomical structure
3,4- specific anatomical structure
5,6- level
7- Severity of score

1. Body region
AIS Code	Region
1	Head
2	Face
3	Neck
4	Thorax
5	Abdomen
6	Spine
7	Upper Extremity
8	Lower Extremity
9	Unspecified

2. Type of Anatomic Structure
AIS Code	Region
1	Whole Area
2	Vessels
3	Nerves
4	Organs (inc. muscles/ligaments)
5	Skeletal (inc. joints)
6	Loss of Consciousness (head only)

3/4 Specific Anatomic Structure }-
Whole Area
AIS Code	Region
02	Skin Abrasion
04	Contusion
06	Laceration
08	Avulsion
10	Amputation
20	Burn
30	Crush
40	Degloving
50	Injury - NFS
60	Penetrating
Head - Loss of Consciousness (LOC)
02	Length of loss of consciousness
04-08	Level of consciousness
10	Concussion
Spine
02	Cervical
04	Thoracic
06	Lumbar
Vessels, Nerves, Organs, Bones, Joints
02	Vessels
04	Nerves
06	Organs
08	Bones
10	Joints

5/6 Level }-
Specific Injuries are assigned consecutive two-digit numbers beginning with 02 Fractures, rupture, laceration, etc.

Severity

Abbreviated Injury Score-Code is on a scale of one to six, one being a minor injury and six being maximal (currently untreatable).^[1] An AIS-Code of 6 is not the arbitrary code for a deceased patient or fatal injury, but the code for injuries specifically assigned an AIS 6 severity.^[1] An AIS-Code of 9 is used to describe injuries for which not enough information is available for more detailed coding, e.g. crush injury to the head.

The AIS scale is a measurement tool for single injuries. A universally accepted injury aggregation function has not yet been proposed, though the injury severity score and its derivatives are better aggregators for use in clinical settings.^[1]^[5] In other settings such as automotive design and occupant protection, MAIS is a useful tool for the comparison of specific injuries and their relative severity and the changes in those frequencies that may result from evolving motor vehicle design.^[1]

Abbreviated injury Score
AIS-Code	Injury	Example	AIS % prob. of death
1	Minor	superficial laceration	0
2	Moderate	fractured sternum	1 – 2
3	Serious	open fracture of humerus	8 – 10
4	Severe	perforated trachea	5 – 50
5	Critical	ruptured liver with tissue loss	5 - 50
6	Maximum	total severance of aorta	100
9	Not further specified (NFS)

External links

Official website

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Thomas A. Gennarelli, Elaine Wodzin (Hrsg.): The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005. Update 2008. American Association for Automotive Medicine (AAAM), Des Plaines, IL 2008.
^
^
^ ^a ^b
^ ^a ^b
^ John D. States: The Abbreviated and the Comprehensive Research Injury Scales. In: STAPP Car Crash Journal. 13, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., New York 1969, ISSN 1532-8546, S. 282–294, LCCN 67-22372.
^

Trauma

Principles

Assessment

Clinical prediction rules	Revised Trauma Score Injury Severity Score Abbreviated Injury Scale NACA score

Investigations	Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Focused assessment with sonography for trauma

Management

Principles	Advanced trauma life support Trauma surgery Trauma center Trauma team Damage control surgery Early appropriate care

Procedures	Resuscitative thoracotomy

Pathophysiology

Injury	MSK Bone fracture Joint dislocation Degloving Soft tissue injury Resp Flail chest Pneumothorax Hemothorax Diaphragmatic rupture Pulmonary contusion Cardio Internal bleeding Thoracic aorta injury Cardiac tamponade GI Blunt kidney trauma Ruptured spleen Neuro Penetrating head injury Traumatic brain injury Intracranial hemorrhage

Mechanism	Blast injury Blunt trauma Burn Penetrating trauma Crush injury Stab wound Ballistic trauma Electrocution

Region	Abdominal trauma Chest trauma Facial trauma Head injury Spinal cord injury

Demographic	Geriatric trauma Pediatric trauma

Sequelae

Index of bones and cartilage

Description	skull

Disease

Treatment	Surgery

Categories

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Abbreviated Injury Scale