Antepartum haemorrhage

Antepartum haemorrhage
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	O46
ICD-9-CM	641
DiseasesDB	30077

In obstetrics, antepartum haemorrhage (APH), also prepartum hemorrhage, is genital bleeding during pregnancy from the ^[1] 24th week (sometimes defined as from the 20th week^[1]^[2]) gestational age to term.

It can be associated with reduced fetal birth weight.^[3]

Treatment It should be considered a medical emergency (regardless of whether there is pain) and medical attention should be sought immediately, as if it is left untreated it can lead to death of the mother and/or fetus.

Causes of APH 1
See also 2
References 3
External links 4

Causes of APH

Obstetric
- Placenta
  - Maternal blood
    - Bloody show (benign) - most common cause of APH
    - Placental abruption - most common pathological cause
    - Placenta previa - second most common pathological cause
  - Fetal blood (can be distinguished with Apt test)
    - Vasa previa - often difficult to diagnose, frequently leads to fetal demise
- Ruptured Uterus
  - Uterine rupture

Nonobstetric
- Bleeding from the lower genital tract
  - Cervical bleeding - cervicitis, cervical neoplasm, cervical polyp
  - Bleeding from the vagina itself - trauma, neoplasm
- Bleeding that may be confused with vaginal bleeding
  - GI bleed - haemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease
  - Urinary tract bleed - urinary tract infection

References

^ ^a ^b patient.info » PatientPlus » Antepartum Haemorrhage
^ The Royal Women’s Hospital > antepartum haemorrhage Retrieved on Jan 13, 2009
^ Lam CM, Wong SF, Chow KM, Ho LC (2000). "Women with placenta praevia and antepartum haemorrhage have a worse outcome than those who do not bleed before delivery". Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 20 (1): 27–31.

External links

684720129 at GPnotebook

Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O, 630–679)

Pregnancy

Pregnancy with
abortive outcome

Oedema, proteinuria and
hypertensive disorders

Other, predominantly
related to pregnancy

Digestive system	Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Gestational diabetes Hepatitis E Hyperemesis gravidarum Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Integumentary system / dermatoses of pregnancy	Gestational pemphigoid Impetigo herpetiformis Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Linea nigra Prurigo gestationis Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) Striae gravidarum

Nervous system	Chorea gravidarum

Blood	Gestational thrombocytopenia Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability

Maternal care related to the
fetus and amniotic cavity

Labor

Puerperal

Other

Index of obstetrics

Description

Disease

Treatment	Drugs

Categories

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Antepartum haemorrhage