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Benzydamine

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Title: Benzydamine  
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Subject: Solanaceae, Hyoscyamine, Naproxen, Ibuprofen, 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
Collection: Amines, Indazoles, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Phenol Ethers
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Benzydamine

Benzydamine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
3-(1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yloxy)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com
Pregnancy
category
Legal status
  • OTC(UK)
Routes of
administration 		Oral, topical
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding <20%
Biological half-life 13 hours
Excretion Renal
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number  Y
ATC code A01 G02 M01 M02
PubChem CID:
ChemSpider  Y
UNII  Y
KEGG  Y
ChEMBL  Y
Chemical data
Formula C19H23N3O
Molecular mass 309.405 g/mol
 Y   

Benzydamine (also known as Tantum Verde and branded in some countries as Difflam), available as the hydrochloride, is a locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with local anaesthetic and analgesic properties for pain relief and anti-inflammatory treatment of inflammatory conditions of the mouth and throat.[1]

Contents

  • Medical use 1
  • Antimicrobial activity 2
  • Contraindications 3
  • Side effects 4
  • Pharmacology 5
  • Recreational use 6
  • Synthesis 7
  • See also 8
  • References 9
  • External links 10

Medical use

It may be used alone or as an adjunct to other therapy giving the possibility of increased therapeutic effect with little risk of interaction.

In some markets, the drug is supplied as an over-the-counter cream (Lonol in Mexico from Boehringer Ingelheim) used for topical treatment of musculoskeletal system disorders: sprains, strains, bursitis, tendinitis, synovitis, myalgia, periarthritis.

Antimicrobial activity

Studies indicate that benzydamine has notable in vitro antibacterial activity and also shows synergism in combination with other antibiotics, especially tetracyclines, against antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [2][3]

Contraindications

There are no contraindications to the use of benzydamine except for known hypersensitivity.

Side effects

Benzydamine is well tolerated. Occasionally oral tissue numbness or stinging sensations may occur, as well as itching, a skin rash, skin swelling or redness, difficulty breathing and wheezing.

Pharmacology

It selectively binds to inflamed tissues (Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) and is normally free of adverse systemic effects. Unlike other NSAIDs, it does not inhibit cyclooxygenase or lipooxygenase, and is not ulcerogenic.[4]

Recreational use

Benzydamine has been used recreationally. In overdosages it acts a deliriant and CNS stimulant.[4] Such use, particularly among teenagers, has been reported in Poland,[4] Brazil[5][6] and Romania.

Synthesis

Benzydamine synthesis:[7] FR 1382855 ; Palazzo, U.S. Patent 3,318,905 (1964, 1967 both to Angelini Francesco)
[7][8]

An interesting alternative synthesis of this substance starts by sequential reaction of N-benzylaniline with phosgene, and then with sodium azide to product the corresponding carbonyl azide. On heating, nitrogen is evolved and a separatable mixture of nitrene insertion product and the desired ketoindazole # results. The latter reaction appears to be a Curtius rearrangement type product to produce an N-isocyanate #, which then cyclizes. Alkylation of the enol with sodium methoxide and 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride gives benzydamine.

Alternatively, use of chloroacetamide in the alkylation step followed by acid hydrolysis produces bendazac instead.

See also

References

  1. ^ Turnbull, R. S. (1995). "Benzydamine Hydrochloride (Tantum) in the management of oral inflammatory conditions". Journal (Canadian Dental Association) 61 (2): 127–134.  
  2. ^ Fanaki NH, el-Nakeeb MA. Antimicrobial activity of benzydamine, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent. J Chemother. 1992 Dec;4(6):347-52. PMID 1287137
  3. ^ Fanaki NH, el-Nakeeb MA. Antibacterial activity of benzydamine and antibiotic-benzydamine combinations against multifold resistant clinical isolates. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996 Mar;46(3):320-3. PMID 8901158
  4. ^ a b c Anand, J. S.; Lukasik–Glębocka, M.; Korolkiewicz, R. P. (2007). "Letter to the Editor: Recreational abuse with benzydamine hydrochloride (tantum rosa)". Clinical Toxicology 45 (2): 198–199.  
  5. ^ Opaleye, E. S.; Noto, A. R.; Sanchez, Z. M.; Moura, Y. G.; Galduróz, J. C.; Carlini, E. A. (2009). "Recreational use of benzydamine as a hallucinogen among street youth in Brazil". Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) 31 (3): 208–213.  
  6. ^ Mota, D. M.; Costa, A. A.; Teixeira, C. D. S.; Bastos, A. A.; Dias, M. F. (2010). "Use abusive of benzydamine in Brazil: An overview in pharmacovigilance". Ciencia & saude coletiva (in Portuguese) 15 (3): 717–724.  
  7. ^ a b Palazzo, G.; Corsi, G.; Baiocchi, L.; Silvestrini, B. (1966). "Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 1-Substituted 3-Dimethylaminoalkoxy-1H-indazoles". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 9: 38.  
  8. ^ L. Baiocchi, G. Corsi and G. Palazzo, Ann.Chim. (Roma), 55, 116 (1965).

External links

  • "Benzydamine oral rinse". Medicinenet. 
  • "Difflam spray (benzydamine)". Net Doctor, UK. 
  • "Tantum Verde (benzydamine)". Carysfort Healthcare Limited, Ireland. 
Stomatological preparations (A01)
Caries prophylaxis
Infection and antiseptics
Corticosteroids
(Glucocorticoids)
Other
Index of the mouth
Description
Disease
  • Congenital
Treatment
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (primarily M01A and M02A, also N02BA)
Pyrazolones /
Pyrazolidines
Salicylates
Acetic acid derivatives
and related substances
Oxicams
Propionic acid derivatives
(profens)
N-Arylanthranilic acids
(fenamates)
Coxibs
Other
Items listed in bold indicate initially developed compounds of specific groups. #WHO-EM †Withdrawn drugs. ‡Veterinary use medications.
Index of muscle
Description
Disease
Treatment
  • Drugs
Topical products for joint and muscular pain (M02)
Anti-inflammatory
preparations,
non-steroids
Pyrazolidines
Acetic acid
derivatives
Other
Capsaicin derivatives
Other
Index of joint
Description
Disease
Treatment
  • Drugs
Prolactin inhibitors and anti-inflammatory products for vaginal administration (G02CB–G02CC)
Prolactin inhibitors
Anti-inflammatory products
for vaginal administration
Description
  • Anatomy
Disease
  • Infections
  • Congenital
  • Neoplasms and cancer
  • Other
Treatment
  • Procedures
  • Drugs
    • hormones
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