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United Kingdom: 1901 - Death of Queen Victoria ends the British branch in the agnatic line; semi-Salic law ends personal union of Hanover with the United Kingdom in 1837, upon death of her uncle William IV.
Hanover: 1866 - Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War
The House of Hanover (or the Hanoverians ; German: Haus Hannover) is a German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Braunschweig-Lüneburg), the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 and held that office until the death of Queen Victoria in 1901. They are sometimes referred to as the House of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Hanover line.
The House of Hanover is a younger branch of the House of Welf, which in turn is the senior branch of the House of Este.
Edward VII belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the line of his father, Albert, Prince Consort. Under semi-Salic law, Victoria could not inherit the Kingdom of Hanover and the Duchies unless the entire male line became extinct; those possessions passed to the next eligible male heir, her uncle Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, the Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale—the fifth son of George III.
The current head of the House of Hanover is Ernst August, Prince of Hanover.
George I of Great Britain. All held the title Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. George died in 1641 and was succeeded by:
This is the descent of the primary male heir. For the complete expanded family tree, see List of members of the House of Hanover.
Patrilineal descent, descent from father to son, is the principle behind membership in some royal houses, particularly those outside Britain. Notwithstanding that paternity was not definitively provable until 1970, some royal houses pretended this could be done, primarily through using marital presumptions, i.e. that the children of a King's wife were his biological children. Under this Agnatic Succession the house of monarchs of the House of Hanover was the House of Lucca (or Obertenghi, or Este, or Welf). In contrast, in Britain, cognatic descent (or descent through both parents, and definitively through particular females, regardless of the husband's position, such as Sophia of Hanover by the constitutional Act of Settlement 1701) has been in place since at least the War of the Roses.
See List of members of the House of Hanover.
The family has been resident in Austria since 1866; it has held courtesy titles since 1919.
see Line of succession to the Hanoverian Throne
The later heads of the House of Hanover have been:
Brunswick Palace
Wolfenbüttel Castle
The Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Duke of Brunswick at the Duke's death, and lengthy negotiations ensued, but were never resolved. Prince Albert of Prussia was appointed regent; after his death in 1906, Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg succeeded him. The Duke of Cumberland's eldest son died in a car accident in 1912; the father renounced Brunswick in favor of his youngest son Ernest Augustus, who married the Kaiser's daughter, swore allegiance to the German Empire, and was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. He was a major-general during the First World War; but he was overthrown as Duke of Brunswick in 1918. His father was also deprived of his British titles in 1919, for "bearing arms against Great Britain".
In 1884, the senior branch of the Duke of Cumberland, succeed to a member state of the German Empire, at least without strong conditions, including swearing to the German constitution. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established a temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death, and if necessary appoint a regent.
The Kingdom of Hanover came to an end in 1866 when it was annexed by Prussia. The 1866 rift between the House of Hanover and the House of Hohenzollern was settled only by the 1913 marriage of Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia to Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick.
Coat of arms of the kingdom of Hanover 1837
King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover (1837–1851)
King George V of Hanover (1851–1866)
After the death of William IV in 1837, the following kings of Hanover continued the dynasty:
In 1837, however, the personal union of the thrones of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended. Succession to the Hanoverian throne was regulated by semi-Salic law (agnatic-cognatic), which gave priority to all male lines before female lines, so that it passed not to Queen Victoria but to her uncle, the Duke of Cumberland.[1]:13,14 In 1901, when Queen Victoria died, her son and heir Edward VII became the first British Monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Edward taking his family name from that of his father, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.[1]:14
Coat of Arms of the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain (1714–1801)
George I (1714–1727)
George II (1727–1760)
George III (1760–1820)
George IV (1820–1830)
William IV (1830–1837)
Victoria (1837–1901)
George I, George II, and George III also served as electors and dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, informally, Electors of Hanover (cf. personal union). From 1814, when Hanover became a kingdom, the British monarch was also King of Hanover.
Of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland:
Of the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland:
George Louis became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover as George I in 1714.[1]:13 The dynasty provided six British monarchs:
The Leine Palace in Hanover (Former Royal Residence of the Kingdom of Hanover)
Herrenhausen Castle and Gardens in Hanover (c. 1708)
Celle Castle
Marienburg Castle (Hanover), present seat of the Princes of Hanover
1 Transcontinental country. 2 Entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.
After partitions:
United Kingdom, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Isle of Man, Parliament of Great Britain
House of Habsburg, House of Vasa, House of Bonaparte, House of Oldenburg, House of Romanov
Dynasty, Napoleon III, Napoleon, Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleonic Wars
Dynasty, House of Savoy, House of Lorraine, Kingdom of Hungary, House of Vasa
House of Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover, Caroline, Princess of Hanover, Duchy of Brunswick, Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (1914–1987)
Elizabeth II, House of Valois, House of Stuart, House of Hanover, House of Windsor
House of Hanover, Lower Saxony, House of Welf, Kingdom of Hanover, United Kingdom
Grace Kelly, France, House of Grimaldi, Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, House of Hanover
House of Hanover, United Kingdom, Vienna, Line of succession to the former Hanoverian throne, Austro-Prussian War