Model for End-Stage Liver Disease

The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, or MELD, is a scoring system for assessing the severity of Eurotransplant for prioritizing allocation of liver transplants instead of the older Child-Pugh score.^[3]^[4]

Determination 1
Interpretation 2
History 3
See also 4
References 5
External links 6

Determination

MELD uses the patient's values for serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, and the international normalized ratio for prothrombin time (INR) to predict survival. It is calculated according to the following formula:^[3]

MELD = 3.78×ln[serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2×ln[INR] + 9.57×ln[serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43

UNOS has made the following modifications to the score:^[5]

If the patient has been dialyzed twice within the last 7 days, then the value for serum creatinine used should be 4.0
Any value less than one is given a value of 1 (i.e. if bilirubin is 0.8, a value of 1.0 is used) to prevent the occurrence of scores below 0 (the natural logarithm of 1 is 0, and any positive value below 1 would yield a negative result)

The etiology of liver disease was subsequently removed from the model because it posed difficulties such as how to categorize patients with multiple causes of liver disease. Modification of the MELD score by excluding etiology of liver disease did not significantly affect the model's accuracy in predicting three-month survival.

Patients with a diagnosis of liver cancer will be assigned a MELD score based on how advanced the cancer is.

Interpretation

In interpreting the MELD Score in hospitalized patients, the 3 month mortality is: ^[6]

40 or more — 71.3% mortality
30–39 — 52.6% mortality
20–29 — 19.6% mortality
10–19 — 6.0% mortality
<9 — 1.9% mortality

History

MELD was originally developed at the Mayo Clinic by Dr. Patrick Kamath, and at that point was called the "Mayo End-stage Liver Disease" score. It was derived in a series of patients undergoing TIPS procedures. The original version also included a variable based on the underlying etiology (cause) of the liver disease.^[1] The score turned out to be predictive of prognosis in chronic liver disease in general, and–with some modifications–came to be applied as an objective tool in assigning need for a liver transplant. The etiology turned out to be relatively unimportant, and was also regarded as relatively subjective; it was therefore removed from the score.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, Peine CJ, Rank J, ter Borg PC (April 2000). "A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts". Hepatology 31 (4): 864–71.
^ Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, Kremers W, Therneau TM, Kosberg CL, D'Amico G, Dickson ER, Kim WR (2001). "A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease". Hepatology 33 (2): 464–70.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kamath PS, Kim WR (March 2007). "The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)". Hepatology 45 (3): 797–805.
^ Jung GE, Encke J, Schmidt J, Rahmel A (February 2008). "Model for end-stage liver disease. New basis of allocation for liver transplantations". Chirurg (in German) 79 (2): 157–63.
^ UNOS (2009-01-28). "MELD/PELD calculator documentation" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-02-21.
^ Wiesner et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology (2003) vol. 124 (1) pp. 91-6. PMID 12512033

External links

Mobile friendly MELD score by MedWebApp
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Calculator by MDCalc
Online calculator for MELD score/UNOS modification

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Surgical procedures involving the digestive system (ICD-9-CM V3 42–54, ICD-10-PCS 0D)

Digestive tract

Upper GI tract

SGs / Esophagus	Esophagectomy Heller myotomy Sialography Impedance–pH monitoring Esophageal pH monitoring Esophageal motility study

Stomach	Bariatric surgery Adjustable gastric band Gastric bypass surgery Sleeve gastrectomy Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery Collis gastroplasty Gastrectomy Billroth I Billroth II Roux-en-Y Gastroenterostomy Gastropexy Gastrostomy Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Hill repair Nissen fundoplication Pyloromyotomy

Medical imaging	Endoscopy: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Barium swallow Upper gastrointestinal series

Lower GI tract

Small bowel	Bariatric surgery Duodenal switch Jejunoileal bypass Ileostomy Intestine transplantation Jejunostomy Partial ileal bypass surgery

Large bowel	Appendicectomy Colectomy Colonic polypectomy Colostomy Hartmann's operation

Rectum	Abdominoperineal resection / Miles operation Lower anterior resection Total mesorectal excision

Anal canal	Anal sphincterotomy Anorectal manometry Lateral internal sphincterotomy Rubber band ligation Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization

Medical imaging	Endoscopy: Colonoscopy Anoscopy Capsule endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal series Small-bowel follow-through Transrectal ultrasonography Virtual colonoscopy

Stool tests	Fecal fat test Fecal pH test Stool guaiac test

Accessory

Liver	Artificial extracorporeal liver support Bioartificial liver devices Liver dialysis Hepatectomy Liver biopsy Liver transplantation Portal hypertension Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [TIPS] Distal splenorenal shunt procedure

Gallbladder, bile duct	Cholecystectomy Cholecystostomy ERCP Hepatoportoenterostomy Medical imaging: Cholangiography IV MRCP PTC Cholecystography Cholescintigraphy

Pancreas	Frey's procedure Pancreas transplantation Pancreatectomy Pancreaticoduodenectomy Puestow procedure

Abdominopelvic

Peritoneum	Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Intraperitoneal injection Laparoscopy Omentopexy Paracentesis Peritoneal dialysis

Hernia	Hernia repair: Inguinal hernia surgery Femoral hernia repair

Other

CPRs

Index of digestion

Description	Anatomy

Disease

Treatment	Drugs

Model for End-Stage Liver Disease