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Oghuz languages

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Title: Oghuz languages  
Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia
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Subject: Turkic languages, Azerbaijani language, Turkish language, Oghuz Turks, Crimean Tatar language
Collection: Agglutinative Languages, Oghuz Turks, Turkic Languages, Vowel-Harmony Languages
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Oghuz languages

Knowledge of Prominent Oghuz Languages:"Azerbaijani Turkish and Turkish"
Oghuz
Southwestern Turkic
Geographic
distribution:
Linguistic classification: Turkic
  • Oghuz
Subdivisions:
  • Turkish
  • Azerbaijani
  • Turkmen
  • Southern Oghuz
  • Salar
Glottolog: oghu1243  (Oghuz + Kipchak + Uzbek)[1]

The Oghuz languages, a major branch of the Turkic language family, are spoken by more than 150 million people in an area spanning from the Balkans to China.

Contents

  • The term 1
  • Languages 2
  • Linguistic features 3
    • Shared features 3.1
    • Unique features 3.2
  • See also 4
  • References 5

The term

The term Oghuz is applied to the Southwestern Branch of Turkic languages such as Turkish, Azerbaijani and Turkmen which are mainly spoken in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Iranian Azerbaijan, Turkmeneli, and Syria.[2] In the 8th century, the Oghuz tribes migrated to Central Asia from the Altai Mountains, and then they started to spread out through Central Asia and Khwarezm to the Middle East and Balkans. With time, the name "Oghuz" was replaced by the names "Turkmen", "Seljuk", "Azerbaijani", and later "Ottoman Turk".[3]

Languages

The Oghuz languages may be broken down into three main groups, based on geography and shared features:

An outlying language, Salar, is spoken by about 70,000 people in China.

Two further languages, Crimean Tatar and Urum, are historically Kypchak languages, but have been heavily influenced by the Oghuz languages.

The extinct Pecheneg language is probably Oghuz, but as it is poorly documented, it is difficult to further classify it within the Oghuz family.[4]

Linguistic features

The Oghuz languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together. Some of these features are shared with other Turkic languages; others are unique to the Oghuz family.

Shared features

  • Loss of initial *h sound (shared with all Turkic languages but Khalaj)
  • Loss of the instrumental case (shared with all Turkic languages but Sakha and Khalaj)

Unique features

  • Voicing of stops before front vowels (e.g. gör- < kör- "to see")
  • Loss of q/ɣ after ɯ/u (e.g. quru < quruq "dry", sarɯ < sarɯɣ "yellow")
  • Change in form of participial -gan- to -an-

See also

References

  1. ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Oghuz + Kipchak + Uzbek".  
  2. ^ Syed Muzammiluddin, TURKIC LANGUAGES AND LEXICAL SIMILARITIES OF TURKISH AND URDU - An Etymological Approach Online Edition
  3. ^ Barbara A. West, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Infobase Publishing, 19 May 2010, p.839, 831
  4. ^ Баскаков, Н. А. Тюркские языки, Москва 1960, с. 126-131.
  • Johanson, Lars and Csató, Éva Ágnes (1998). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge.  
  • Menges, Karl H. (1995). The Turkic Languages and Peoples. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.  


Italics indicate extinct languages
Proto-language
Arghu
Karluk
Kipchak
Ponto-Caspian
Aralo-Caspian
Uralo-Caspian
Oghur
Oghuz
Siberian
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